Electromagnetic Spectrum
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The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes how white light is dispersed by a prism into visible colors from violet to red due to different wavelengths being refracted differently. It states that all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and lists their properties. The document then discusses various applications of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including uses of radio waves for communication, microwaves for satellites and radar, infrared for remote controls and intruder alarms, visible light for optical fibers, ultraviolet for sunbeds and sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 1. Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES Dispersion of light Properties of electromagnetic waves Applications of electromagnetic waves
- 2. Describe the dispersion of light as illustrated by the action on light of a glass prism. Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
- 3. • Dispersion is an effect when a narrow beam of white light passes through a prism and splits intro a range of colour called a spectrum. • Each color from the original beam of light has its own particular wavelength (or color) and each wavelength is slowed differently by the glass. Electromagnetic Spectrum 3
- 4. State the colours of the spectrum and explain how the colours are related to frequency/wavelength. Electromagnetic Spectrum 4
- 5. • The amount of refraction increases as the wavelength of light decreases. • Shorter wavelengths of light (violet and blue) are slowed more and consequently experience more bending than do the longer wavelengths (orange and red). Electromagnetic Spectrum 5
- 6. State that all electromagnetic waves travel with the same high speed in air and state the magnitude of that speed. Electromagnetic Spectrum 6
- 7. • Electromagnetic waves are emitted whenever charged particles oscillate or lose energy in some way. • Electromagnetic waves are produced by the simultaneous vibration of electric and magnetic field. Electromagnetic Spectrum 7
- 8. • Common features of all the electromagnetic waves include; • All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves • They can travel through a vacuum. • They travel through vacuum with the speed of light. • They all show wave properties like reflection and refraction. • They obey the wave equation v = f × λ. • The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency. • As the frequency gets higher, the energy increases. Electromagnetic Spectrum 8
- 9. Describe the main components of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic Spectrum 9
- 10. • Radio waves, microwaves, infra-red radiation, visible light, ultra-violet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays are all member of electromagnetic waves. • Each type of radiation is produced and detected in its own special way. • The wavelengths of electromagnetic waves range from extremely short for gamma rays to very long for radio waves. • The higher the frequency of oscillation, or the greater the energy changes, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves produced. Electromagnetic Spectrum 10
- 12. Discuss the role of radio waves in radio and television communications Electromagnetic Spectrum 12
- 13. • LW (long wave), MW (medium wave), SW (short wave) are used for AM radio communication. • VHF (very high frequency) is used for high quality FM stereo radio. • UHF (ultra high frequency) is used for television broadcast. Electromagnetic Spectrum 13
- 14. Discuss the role of microwaves in satellite television and telephone Electromagnetic Spectrum 14
- 15. • Microwaves are used for satellite communication and television Electromagnetic Spectrum 15
- 16. • Radar systems also used microwaves to find the direction and distance of objects. Electromagnetic Spectrum 16
- 17. • Microwaves is used for cooking as its wavelength are very strongly absorb by water molecule Electromagnetic Spectrum 17
- 19. Discuss the role of infra-red in household electrical appliances, television controllers and intruder alarms Electromagnetic Spectrum 19
- 20. • When radiant heater is switched on, you can detect the infrared radiation coming from it by the heating effect it produces in your skin. Electromagnetic Spectrum 20
- 21. • The remote unit communicates with the appliance via infra-red pulses which is produced by light emitting diodes (LED) Electromagnetic Spectrum 21
- 22. • The alarm system can be switched on by motion sensors that pick up the changing pattern of infrared caused by an approaching person Electromagnetic Spectrum 22
- 23. Discuss the role of light in optical fibres for medical uses and telephone Electromagnetic Spectrum 23
- 24. • An endoscope is a flexible fibre optic cable through which internal cavities can be viewed. Electromagnetic Spectrum 24
- 25. • For long distance transmission, telephone network use optical fibres that can carry digital signals in the form of pulses of light. Electromagnetic Spectrum 25
- 26. Discuss the role of ultra-violet in sunbeds, fluorescent tubes and sterilisation. Electromagnetic Spectrum 26
- 27. Electromagnetic Spectrum 27 • Our skin responds to ultraviolet radiation by turning darker. • Darker skins absorb more ultraviolet light, so less ultraviolet radiation reaches the deeper tissues. • Ultraviolet radiation can cause normal cells to become cancerous.
- 28. • In fluorescent lamps, the inside of the tube is coated with a white powder which gives off light when its absorbs ultraviolet. • The ultraviolet is produced by passing an electric current through the gas (mercury vapour) in the tube Electromagnetic Spectrum 28
- 29. • Ultraviolet is also used in sterilizing equipment to kill bacteria and viruses. Electromagnetic Spectrum 29
- 30. Discuss the role of X-rays in hospital use for medical imaging and killing cancerous cells, and engineering applications such as detecting cracks in metal Electromagnetic Spectrum 30
- 31. • X-ray is emitted when a beam of electrons hits a metal target. • They can pass through flesh but not bone. So bones will show up on an X-ray photograph. Electromagnetic Spectrum 31
- 32. • X rays can stop the growth of cells and even destroy them altogether. • They are used to destroy tumors and also treatment of leukemia. Electromagnetic Spectrum 32
- 33. • X-rays are directed at the item to be tested so that they pass through it and captured an image on a film. • The film is processed showing a series of grey shades which will show any defects. Electromagnetic Spectrum 33
- 34. Discuss the role of gamma rays – medical treatment in killing cancerous cells, and engineering applications such as detecting cracks in metal. Electromagnetic Spectrum 34
- 35. • Gamma rays damage cells whether they are normal or cancerous. • A wide beam of gamma rays are rotate around the patient, keeping the tumour at the centre. • This concentrates the gamma rays on the cells that need to be killed.Electromagnetic Spectrum 35
- 36. • When photographic film is exposed to gamma-rays a 'latent image' is produced in film emulsion. • The areas so exposed become darker when the film is immersed in a developing solution. Electromagnetic Spectrum 36
- 37. Radiation Wavelength / m Uses Radio wave 10-1 - 105 1. Radio and television communication Microwave 10-3 – 10-1 1. Satellite television 2. mobile phone networks Infra-red rays 10-7 – 10-3 1. Remote control of electrical appliances 2. Intruder alarm 3. Radiant heater Visible light 10-7 1. Optical fibres for medical uses and telecommunications Ultra-violet rays 10-8 – 10-7 1. Sun beds 2. Sterilisation 3. Fluorescence effect X-rays 10-13 – 10-8 1. Medical /dental inspections 2. Checking cracks 3. Treatment of cancer Gamma rays 10-14 – 10-10 1. Treatment of cancer 2. Checking welds Electromagnetic Spectrum 37
- 38. 1. One of the effects of passing a ray of white light through a prism is to split the light into colours. Electromagnetic Spectrum 38
- 39. 1. What is the name given to this effect? A. deviation B. dispersion C. reflection D. refraction Electromagnetic Spectrum 39
- 40. 2. Light rays are deviated by a prism. 1. The deviation angle d is measured for light rays of different frequency, including blue light and red light. Electromagnetic Spectrum 40
- 41. 1. Which graph is correct? Electromagnetic Spectrum 41 D
- 42. 3. Which diagram correctly shows the dispersion of white light by a glass prism? Electromagnetic Spectrum 42 C
- 43. 4. The diagram shows the spectrum produced when white light is dispersed by a glass prism. Electromagnetic Spectrum 43
- 44. 1. What are the numbered visible colours? Electromagnetic Spectrum 44 C
- 45. 5. A spectrum is formed when white light passes through a prism. Electromagnetic Spectrum 45
- 46. 1. In which position are the colours green, red and yellow seen? Electromagnetic Spectrum 46 D
- 47. 6. Which colour, red or blue, has the higher frequency and which has the longer wavelength? Electromagnetic Spectrum 47 B
- 48. 7. When white light is dispersed by a prism, compared with blue light, the red light is A. slowed down less and refracted less. B. slowed down less and refracted more. C. slowed down more and refracted less. D. slowed down more and refracted more. Electromagnetic Spectrum 48
- 49. 8. Which diagram shows the dispersion of white light? Electromagnetic Spectrum 49 C
- 50. 9. Which wave is part of the electromagnetic spectrum? Electromagnetic Spectrum 50 D
- 51. 10.Which statement is true for all electromagnetic waves? A. They are longitudinal. B. They can be seen. C. They have the same frequency in air. D. They travel at the same speed in a vacuum. Electromagnetic Spectrum 51
- 52. 11.Which group contains only transverse waves? A. infra-red waves, light waves, sound waves B. infra-red waves, light waves, ultra-violet waves C. infra-red waves, ultra-violet waves, sound waves D. light waves, sound waves, ultra-violet waves Electromagnetic Spectrum 52
- 53. 12.The diagram represents some of the main parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. 1. What are the numbered parts? Electromagnetic Spectrum 53 B
- 54. 13.Radio waves, visible light and X-rays are all part of the electromagnetic spectrum. 14.What is the correct order of increasing wavelength? Electromagnetic Spectrum 54 D
- 55. 14.Which type of radiation lies between visible light and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum? A. infra-red B. radio waves C. ultra-violet D. X-rays Electromagnetic Spectrum 55
- 56. 15.Light from the Sun passes through a prism and a spectrum is produced on a screen. Electromagnetic Spectrum 56
- 57. 1. A thermometer placed at P shows a large temperature rise. 2. Which type of radiation causes this? A. infra-red B. microwave C. ultra-violet D. visible light Electromagnetic Spectrum 57
- 58. 16.Which does not normally use infra-red radiation? A. electric grill B. intruder alarm C. television remote controller D. sunbed Electromagnetic Spectrum 58
- 59. 17.Which type of wave is used to send telephone signals to and from a satellite? A. infra-red waves B. light waves C. microwaves D. sound waves Electromagnetic Spectrum 59