17chapter 3cells (part2)
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Cells group together to form tissues, tissues group together to form organs, organs group together to form organ systems, and together all the organ systems form an organism. A leaf is an organ formed by the tissues in a plant working together. A leaf has an upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and xylem tissue that transport water. Stomata on the lower epidermis allow water vapor to escape and are openings that can bend.
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17chapter 3cells (part2)
- 1. Biology
- 2. Cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Cells of the same kind grouped together form Tissue. Tissues of different kinds grouped together form Organ. Organs of different kinds grouped together form Organ system.
- 3. All organs and organ systems in a living thing form An organism (the body of the living thing)
- 4. Plants as living organisms The tissues in the leaf work together and form an organ the leaf.
- 5. Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis Waxy Cuticle Stomata (Singular: stoma) Xylem tissue
- 7. 1) Epidermis • Form the outer covering of the plant. • They are broad and flat and joined together.
- 8. 2) Palisade mesophyll • They are under the upper epidermis. • The function of this layer is to take sunlight and make food.
- 9. 3) Spongy mesophyll • It is under the palisade layer. • They are rounder and have gaps between them. • Their task is to help bring water to the leaf for use in making food.
- 10. When water evaporates it is replaced by water drawn up in tube like called xylem tissue. It forms much of the mid rib and veins in the leaf.
- 11. They are specialized pairs of cells in the lower epidermis of a leaf can bend to make an opening through which water vapour can escape from spongy mesophyll. Stomata is the pleural while stoma is the singular.