The development of the steam engine in the 18th century ushered in the Industrial Revolution. James Watt improved the steam engine's design and efficiency, allowing it to power factories. This led to increased mechanization and the growth of factories. Advances like the electric motor and internal combustion engine further industrialized production. In the 20th century, developments in physics research led to new technologies like computers, transistors, integrated circuits, lasers, and fiber optics, ushering in the Information Age and powering new technological advancements.