2. hardware, computer system & it's component

Hardware, Computer
System & Components
BY
NAJEEB SAFI
4/19/2021 CONTACT: studysmart735@gmail.com 1
NAJEEB SAFI

NAJEEB SAFI
Hardware
 Hardware are the physical components that we can touch them
physically.
There are many types of hardware some of them are placed inside the
computer casing and some of them can be attached to the computer
from outside of the computer casing.
 following is the short overview of the computer hardware's.

NAJEEB SAFI
Hardware Components of Computer
There are five main hardware component of computer system.
1) Input hardware components
2) Processing hardware components
3) Storage hardware components
4) Output hardware components
5) Communication hardware components

NAJEEB SAFI
1. Input Hardware Components
Input hardware devices are those devices through which we enter data to
the Central Processing Unit (CPU). They are classified according to
their way of working. Following are some input devices which are used
to enter data/instructions to the CPU.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Barcode Reader
 Magnetic Ink Recognition
 Joystick
 Touch Screen
 Light Pen
 Digital Camera
 Microphone

NAJEEB SAFI
Keyboard
Keyboard is basic hardware to input data. Keyboard composed of
buttons which is used to for composing letters, documents and many
more objects relating to textual data.

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Mouse
Mouse is known as pointing device which is used for pointing
something.
Mouse basically composed of two buttons (Left, Right) and wheeler
which is used for rolling document up and down.
Gaming
Mouse
Common
Mouse

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Scanner
Scanner is an input device that scans documents such as photographs
and pages of text. It creates an electronic documents that can be edited
in computer.

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Barcode Reader
Barcode Reader is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes.
Decode the data contained in barcode and send data to computer.
Barcode
Reader
Barcodes

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Magnetic Ink Recognition
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Code, known in short MICR Code
is character recognition technology used mainly by the banking industry
to streamline the processing and clearance of cheques and other
documents.

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Joystick
• Joystick is a pointing device with a
vertical lever mounted on a base.
• The lever usually have buttons called
triggers, which activate certain events
when pressed.
• Joystick is mainly used for computer
games.

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Touch Screen
• Touch screen is touch sensitive display
input device.
• It is used for information kiosks located in
departments, stores, hotels, airports, and
museums.
• Touch screens are also used for ATM
machines to allow easy access of bank
accounts.

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Light Pen
Light pen is a pointing device shaped like a
pen and is connected to a VDU (Video
Display Unit). The tip of the light pen
contains a light-sensitive element which,
when place against the screen, detects the
light from the screen enabling the computer
to identify the location of the pen on the
screen. Light pens are used for “drawing”
directly onto the screen.

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Digital Camera
• A digital camera takes pictures and stores
the images digitally, rather than on
traditional film. Digital cameras use
different media to store images, which
include flash memory card, floppy disk,
compact disc, and micro drive. The
quality of a digital camera is determined
by its resolution and color depth.

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Microphone
• A microphone is an input device used for
voice recording.

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2. Processing Hardware Components
Basically processing hardware is Central Processing Unit (CPU) of
computer system. It process data according to our instructions.
Processing is a procedure that transforms raw data in to meaningful
information.
e.g., Central Processing Unit (CPU) Motherboard. Network Cards and
Register.

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Central Processing Unit
• The processor or the central processing
unit (CPU) is the electronic device that
interprets and carries out the instructions
that tell the computer how to work.
• CPU is usually contained on a single chip
and is often called a microprocessor.
• CPU contains the control unit (CU), the
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
• CU directs and coordinates most of the
operations in the computer. For every
instruction, the CU repeats a set of four
basic operations called the machine cycle
or instruction cycle.
• ALU perform only mathematical and
logical operation.

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Motherboard
• Motherboard or system-board is the main
circuit board in the system unit.
• Chips are attached to the motherboard e.g.
CPU and Memory Chip.
• Motherboard also contains expansion
slots into which other circuit boards can
be inserted for the expansion of the
computer system.

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Network Card
A Network Interface Card is a hardware
component without which a computer
cannot be connected over a network.

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3. Storage Hardware Components
Storage devices are refers to media on which we store data, instruction
or information. Storage are also known as backing storage or secondary
storage.
• Hard Disk
• Compact Disk
• Memory Card
• USB Flash Drive

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Hard Drive
• Hard drive is a large backing storage
device. It consists of several inflexible,
circular disks, called platters. On which
items are stored electronically.
• The hard disk in most desktop inside the
system unit, and is considered fixed disks
because being not portable.

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Compact Disk
• A compact disk (CD) is a flat, round,
portable, storage medium that is usually
4.75 inches in diameter and less than one-
twentieth of an inch thick.
• Compact discs store items by using laser
beam.

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Memory Card
• Memory card is a small sized electronic
memory backing storage medium.
• When the card is inserted into a
specialized card reader, the information
on the card is read and, if necessary,
written.
• They are commonly used in many
electronic devices, including digital
cameras, mobile phones, laptop
computers, MP3 players, and video game
consoles.
• They can retain data without power.

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USB Flash Drive
• A USB flash drive consist of a flash
memory data storage device integrated
with a USB (Universal Serial Bus)
interface.
• USB flash devices are removeable and
rewriteable, and physically much smaller
than other storage medium.

NAJEEB SAFI
4. Output Hardware Component
Output devices are pieces of computer hardware that receive data
from computer CPU and then translate that data into another form.
That form may be audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such as printed
documents.
Output hardware components are those components that is used for
the purpose of output or for our response given by the CPU.
With the help of output devices we are able to see our result provided
by the computer CPU.
 There are a lot of devices which is used for output devices, some of
them are discussed below.

NAJEEB SAFI
Monitor
 Monitor is an output device that
conveys text, graphics, and video
information to a user.
 Information on monitor sometime
called a soft copy because it exists
electronically and displays only for a
temporary period.
 Monitor can be monochrome or
color.
 There are two main types of monitor.
 CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

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Printer
 A printer is an output device that
produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper.
 Printed information is often called
hard copy because the information
exists physically and is a more
permanent form of output than that
presented on display device.

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Plotter
 Plotter is a sophisticated printer used to
produce high-quality drawings that can
be quite large (e.g., with widths up to 60
inches).

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Audio Output Device
• Audio output devices are the components
of computer that produce music, speech,
or other sounds.
• Two commonly used output devices are
speakers and headsets.
• Audio output devices are ideal for
visually impaired people.

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Multimedia Projector
• Multimedia projector takes the image
from a computer and projects it onto a
larger screen so that people can see the
image clearly.

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5. Communication hardware components
• Communication device is a hardware device capable of transmitting an
analogue or digital signal over the telephone, other communication
wire, or wirelessly.
• A classic example of communication device is a computer modem,
which converts computer digital’s information to an analog signals for
transmission over a telephone line. Similarly a modem receives
analogue signals, and convert them to digital, for processing by the
computer.
• So this process is known as modulation/demodulation, from which a
modem gets it’s name.

NAJEEB SAFI
List Of Communication Devices.
 Bluetooth Devices
 Infrared Devices
 Modem (over phone line)
 Network Card (Using Ethernet)
 Smartphone
 Wi-Fi Devices (Using a Wi-Fi router)

NAJEEB SAFI
NAJEEB SAFI
THANK YOU

2. hardware, computer system & it's component

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