Microsoft Offical Course 20410C_05
- 2. Module Overview • Overview of TCP/IP • Understanding IPv4 Addressing • Subnetting and Supernetting • Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4
- 3. Lesson 1: Overview of TCP/IP • The TCP/IP Protocol Suite • Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite • TCP/IP Applications • What Is a Socket?
- 4. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite Network Interface Ethernet Mobile broadbandWi-Fi Application HTTP FTP SMTP DNS POP3 SNMP TCP/IP Protocol Suite Transport TCP UDP Internet IPv6IPv4 ARP IGMP ICMP
- 5. Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite TCP/IP Protocol SuiteTCP/IPOSI TCP UDP Ethernet Mobile broadband Wi-Fi Application Transport Network Interface Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Internet IPv6IPv4 ARP IGMP ICMP HTTP DNS FTP POP3 SMTP SNMP
- 6. TCP/IP Applications Some common application layer protocols: • HTTP • HTTPS • FTP • RDP • SMB • SMTP • POP3
- 7. What Is a Socket? A socket is a combination of an IP address, a transport protocol, and a port TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/UDP IPv6IPv4 HTTP (80) HTTPS (443) POP3 (110) SMTP (25) DNS (53) FTP (21)
- 8. Lesson 2: Understanding IPv4 Addressing • IPv4 Addressing • Public and Private IPv4 Addresses • How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers • Simple IPv4 Implementations • More Complex IPv4 Implementations
- 9. IPv4 Addressing • Each networked computer must be assigned a unique IPv4 address • Network communication for a computer is directed to the IPv4 address of the computer • Each IPv4 address contains: Network ID, identifying the network Host ID, identifying the computer • The subnet mask identifies which part of the IPv4 address is the network ID (255) and the host ID (0) IP address 172 16 0 10 Subnet mask 255 255 0 0 Network ID 172 16 0 0 Host ID 0 0 0 10
- 10. IPv4 Addressing Subnet 1 Dotted decimal representation of the address and subnet mask An IPv4 configuration identifies a computer to other computers on a network IP Address: 192.168.1.181 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.1.180 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.1.182 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
- 11. IPv4 Addressing Subnet 2 Subnet 1 Dotted decimal representation of the address and subnet mask Default gateway defines the preferred router An IPv4 configuration identifies a computer to other computers on a network IP Address: 192.168.1.181 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.1.180 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.1.182 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.2.201 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.2.202 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 IP Address: 192.168.2.200 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
- 12. Public and Private IPv4 Addresses Private • Not routable on the Internet • 10.0.0.0/8 • 172.16.0.0/12 • 192.168.0.0./16 • Can be assigned locally by organization • Must be translated to access the Internet Public • Required by devices and hosts that connect directly to the Internet • Must be globally unique • Routable on the Internet • Must be assigned by IANA/RIR
- 13. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers Dotted decimal notation is based on the decimal number system, but computers use IP addresses in binary • Within an 8-bit octet, each bit position has a decimal value • A bit that is set to 0 always has a zero value • A bit that is set to 1 can be converted to a decimal value • The low-order bit represents a decimal value of 1 • The high-order bit represents a decimal value of 128 • If all bits in an octet are set to 1, then the octet’s decimal value is 255, the highest possible value of an octet: • 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
- 14. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers 8-Bit Octet Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
- 15. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers 8-Bit Octet 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
- 16. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers Decimal Value 8-Bit Octet 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
- 17. Simple IPv4 Implementations Network ID Host ID 1 1 0 xw y z Network ID Host ID 1 0 xw y z Network ID Host ID 0 xw y z Class C (/24) Small Network Class B (/16) Medium Network Class A (/8) Large Network
- 18. More Complex IPv4 Implementations 172.16.17.254 172.16.16.1/20 172.16.17.1 172.16.20.0/22 172.16.16.0/22 172.16.24.0/22 172.16.28.0/22 172.16.18.0/24 172.16.17.0/24
- 19. Lesson 3: Subnetting and Supernetting • How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix Length • The Benefits of Using Subnetting • Calculating Subnet Addresses • Calculating Host Addresses • Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a New Office • What Is Supernetting?
- 20. 1 0 Network ID Host ID 0 65,534 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 2 32,766 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 4 16,382 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 8 8,190 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 16 4,094 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 32 2,046 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 64 1,022 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Host ID 128 510 Subnet ID1 0 Network ID Subnet ID Host ID 256 254 Class B Address with Subnet How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix Length
- 21. The Benefits of Using Subnetting By using subnets, you can: • Use a single network address across multiple locations • Reduce network congestion by segmenting traffic • Increase security by using firewalls • Overcome limitations of current technologies When you subdivide a network into subnets, you create a unique ID for each subnet that is derived from the main network ID
- 22. Calculating Subnet Addresses When determining subnet addresses you should: • Choose the number of subnet bits based on the number of subnets required • Use 2n to determine the number of subnets available from n bits For five locations, the following three subnet bits are required: • 5 locations = 5 subnets required • 22 = 4 subnets (not enough) • 23 = 8 subnets
- 23. Calculating Host Addresses When determining host addresses you should: •Choose the number of host bits based on the number of hosts that you require on each subnet •Use 2n-2 to determine the number of hosts that are available on each subnet For subnets with 100 hosts, seven host bits are required: • 26-2 = 62 hosts (not enough) • 27-2 = 126 hosts
- 24. Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a New Office • How many subnets are required? • How many bits are required to create that number of subnets? • How many hosts are required on each subnet? • How many bits are required to allow that number of hosts? • What is an appropriate subnet mask to meet these needs? 20 minutes
- 25. What Is Supernetting? • Supernetting combines multiple small networks into a larger network • The networks that you are combining must be contiguous • The following table shows an example of supernetting two class C networks Network Range 192.168.00010000.00000000/24 192.168.16.0 - 192.168.16.255 192.168.00010001.00000000/24 192.168.17.0 - 192.168.17.255 192.168.00010000.00000000/23 192.168.16.0 - 192.168.17.255
- 26. Lesson 4: Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4 • Configuring IPv4 Manually • Configuring IPv4 Automatically • Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Troubleshoot IPv4 • IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools • The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process • What Is Microsoft Message Analyzer? • Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze Network Traffic by Using Microsoft Message Analyzer
- 28. Configuring IPv4 Manually Example using the netsh command-line tool: Netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Local Area Connection" source=static addr=10.10.0.10 mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=10.10.0.1 Examples using Windows PowerShell cmdlets: Set-DNSClientServerAddresses –InterfaceAlias “Local Area Connection” –ServerAddresses 10.12.0.1,10.12.0.2 New-NetIPAddress –InterfaceAlias “Local Area Connection” –IPAddress 10.10.0.10 -PrefixLength 24 –DefaultGateway 10.10.0.1
- 29. Configuring IPv4 Automatically DHCP Server with IPv4 Scope IPv4 DHCP Client Set-NetIPInterface –InterfaceAlias "Local Area Connection" –Dhcp Enabled Restart-NetAdapter –Name "Local Area Connection" Code example: An APIPA address on an interface indicates that a DHCP server could not be contacted
- 30. Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Troubleshoot IPv4 For network configuration and troubleshooting in Windows Server 2012 and earlier versions, use: • Command-line tools • Windows PowerShell cmdlets In earlier versions of Windows Server: • Windows PowerShell required using Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) objects • WMI objects are not as easy to use as native Windows PowerShell cmdlets
- 31. Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to Troubleshoot IPv4 Some of the new Windows PowerShell cmdlets: Get-NetAdapter Restart-NetAdapter Get-NetIPInterface Get-NetIPAddress Get-NetRoute Get-NetConnectionProfile Get-DNSClientCache Get-DNSClientServerAddress Register-DnsClient Set-DnsClient Set-DnsClientGlobalSetting Set-DnsClientServerAddress Set-NetIPAddress Set-NetIPv4Protocol Set-NetIPInterface Test-Connection Test-NetConnection Resolve-Dnsname
- 32. IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools Use the following tools to troubleshoot IPv4: • Ipconfig • Ping • Tracert • Pathping • Telnet • Netstat • Resource Monitor • Windows Network Diagnostics • Event Viewer
- 33. The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process After you identify the scope of the problem, use the following tools to troubleshoot network connectivity: Step Windows PowerShell Command-line tool Identify the network path between hosts Test-NetConnection -TraceRoute tracert Verify the network configuration is correct Get-NetIPAddress ipconfig See if the remote host responds Test-NetConnection ping Test the service on a remote host Use an application such as Internet Explorer See if the default gateway responds Test-NetConnection ping
- 34. What Is Microsoft Message Analyzer? Capture message data Import message data Save message data View message data Filter message data Create charts from captured data You can use Microsoft Message Analyzer to perform the following network analysis tasks:
- 35. Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze Network Traffic by Using Microsoft Message Analyzer In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Start a new Capture/Trace in Microsoft Message Analyzer • Capture packets from a ping request • Analyze the captured network traffic • Filter the network traffic
- 36. Lab: Implementing IPv4 • Exercise 1: Identifying Appropriate Subnets • Exercise 2: Troubleshooting IPv4 Logon Information Virtual machines 20410C-LON-DC1 20410C-LON-RTR 20410C-LON-SVR2 User name AdatumAdministrator Password: Pa$$w0rd Estimated Time: 45 minutes
- 37. Lab Scenario You have recently accepted a promotion to the server support team. One of your first assignments is configuring the infrastructure service for a new branch office. After a security review, your manager has asked you to calculate new subnets for the branch office to support segmenting network traffic. You also need to troubleshoot a connectivity problem on a server in the branch office.
- 38. Lab Review • Why is variable-length subnetting required in this lab? • Which Windows PowerShell cmdlet can you use to view the local routing table of a computer instead of using route print?
- 39. Module Review and Takeaways • Review Questions • Best Practices • Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips • Tools