2nd and 3rd lectures TFL I think this is very useful for you

vz;zf;fU uPjpahd Mf;fj;ijr; rku;g;gpg;gjw;F ,Ugupkhz (2D)
Kg;gupkhz (3D) cUf;fisAk;
khjpupAUf;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;gp vz;zf;fUuPjpahd Mf;fq;fisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;
Munahira Rinoos, Bsc (Agri),PGDE,Med,Msc(Agri)

cs;slf;fk;
• nghwpKiw tiujy; cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;
ngd;rpy;
%iykl;lk;
tiujy; jhs;
tiujy; gyif
• epakq;fSf;F mikthf vOj;JfisAk; ,yf;fq;fisAk; vOJjy;
• NfhLfs; kw;Wk; Nfhl;L tiffis ,dq;fhzy;

cs;slf;fk;
• RahjPd iffshy; gUkl;lhd Fwpg;ig tiujy;
• Fw;Wj;jhaj; jhSk; rktsTj; Njhw;wj;ij epUkhzpj;jYk;
• rkstsTj; Njhw;wq;fis tiuAk; epkpu;tiungwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs;
• Kjw;Nfhz
• Kd;dpiyj; Njhw;wk
• gf;fj; Njhw;wk;
• jpl;lg;glk;
• %d;whq;Nfhzk;
• gf;fj; Njhw;wk;
• jpl;lg;glk;

nghwpKiw tiujy; cgfuzq;fs;
• njhopDl;gg; glq;fis ntw;wpfukhfg; G+u;jpjp nra;tjw;fhf cau;jukhd
cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tiujYf;fhd fUtpfs; mtrpakhFk;.
1. tiujy; fljhrp
2. ghifkhdp
3. ngd;rpy;
4. ftuhak;
5. mopg;ghd;
6. gpupfUtp
7. mbkl;lk;
8. tiujw; gyifAk;> T mbkl;lKk;
9. %iy kl;lk;
10.nfstpfs;

tiujy; fljhrp
cau; jukhd njhopDl;gg; gltiujYf;fhf tiujy; fljhrpapy; ,Uf;fNtz;ba gz;Gfs;.
1. rhjhuz fljhrpia tpl nrhunrhug;ghd Nkw;gil nfhz;l ,ioaikg;G
fhzg;gly;>
2. rw;W gUkdhdjhff; fhzg;gly;>
3. epak mstpw;F Vw;GilajhtpUj;jy;>

ru;tNjr ju mikg;gpd; %yk; tiujy; fljhrpfs; tiffs;
• Standard ANSI sizes ( American National Standard Institute)
• Architectural drawings often utilize the ARCH series
• Standard drawing sheet sizes are also available in the A series (A0, A1, A2, etc.).
• Standard Sizes:
• ANSI A (8.5 x 11 inches): Good for general documents and smaller drawings.
• ANSI B (11 x 17 inches): Useful for slightly larger drawings or documents that need more space.
• ANSI C (17 x 22 inches): Suitable for detailed drawings or those requiring a larger format.
• ANSI D (22 x 34 inches): Often used for architectural or engineering drawings that need a larger surface area.
• ANSI E (34 x 44 inches): Used for the largest architectural or engineering drawings.

ngd;rpy;
• njhopDl;g tiujypy; mj;jpahtrpa cgfuzkhFk;.
• tl;lk;> jl;il tbtk;> ePs;tl;lk;> Nghd;w tbtq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;.
• Nfhnlhd;iw tiuAk; NghJ> mf;Nfhl;bd; ,Wjptiu tpuy;fSf;fpilNa ngd;rpiyr;
Row;wpf; fPWtjdhy; Kidapd; xNu rPuhd Nja;itAk;> tiuAk; Nfhl;bd; rPuhd
jbg;igAk; Ngzf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
• ngd;rpiyg;gad; gLj;Jk; NghJ ngd;rpy; Kid tiuAk; jpirf;F rha;thfTk; ngd;rpy;
Kid rpwpjhfTk; fhzg;gly; Kf;fpakhdJ.
• ngd;rpnyhd;iw mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ mjd; Nky; me;jj;jpy; vOj;Jf;fs;
kw;Wk; ,yf;fq;fs; my;yJ vOj;Jf;fs; kl;Lk; 5B> 2B> HB> H> 2H. Nghd;wdthFk;.
• ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; ,yf;fq;fspd; %yk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ> mg; ngd;rpiyg;
gad;gLj;jp tiuAk; Nfhl;bd; nghJthd epwk; kw;Wk; fLikj; jd;ik gw;wpajhFk;.
• ngd;rpiyf; $uhf;Ftjw;fhf epak juj;jpyhd $uhf;fp ( cutter) gad; gLj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.

mopg;ghd;
tiuAk; fljhrpapd; kPJ Vw;gLk; gpiofis mopj;J tpLtjw;fhf mopg;ghd;
gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld;> mjw;fhf rupahd mopg;ghidj; njupT nra;jy; Kf;fpak;.
nkd; ,ug;gu; fyitapdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l cupa juj;jpyhd mopg;ghidg;
gad;gLj;jy; Kf;fpakhFk;.

mbkl;lk;
• ,e;j cgfuzk; NfhLfspd; ePsj;ij msg;gjw;Fk; msTfisf; Fwpg;gjw;Fk;>
mstPnlhiwg; guPl;rpg;gjw;Fk; gad;gLk;.
• gpyh];bf;> gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l kuk;> JUg;gpbf;fhj cUf;F vd;gd %yk; mbkl;lk;
jahupf;fg;gLk;.
• ,jpy; nrd;wp kPl;lu;fspy; my;yJ mq;Fyq;fspy; mjd; gFjpfs;
Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

%iy kl;lk;
• Kf;Nfhz tbtkhdnjhU cgfuzkhFk;.
• njhopDl;g tiujYf;fhf> xU Nrhb %iy kl;lq;fs; gad; gLj;jg;gLk;.
• xU %iy kl;lj;jpy; xU Nfhzk; 90° ahtJld;> mLj;j Nfhzk; 45° ahFk;.
• mLj;j %iy kl;lj;jpy; xU Nfhzk; fl;lhakhf 90° ahtJld;> kw;w Nfhzq;fs;
60° kw;Wk; 30° fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
• ,jd; gb %iykl;lq;fs; 60° kw;Wk; 45° kw;Wk; 30° ghiffisf; nfhz;l %iy
kl;lq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
• ,e;j cgfuzq;fisg;gad; gLj;jp tiuAk; NghJ> gUkl;lhd tpspk;G> my;yJ 1
Nfhl;lilg; gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ghifkhdp
• njhopDl;g tiujypd; NghJ ghifkhdp rpw;wstpNyNa gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ghlrhiy
Nfj;jpu fzpj fUtpg;ngl;bapy; fhzg;gLtjpy; 180° tiu Fwpf;fg; gl;bUf;Fk;.
• NkYk; 360° tiuahd ghifkhdpfSk; re;ijapy; cs;sd.
• ,t;Tgfuzk; CLnjupAk; gpyh];jpf; nghUl;fspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ghlrhiy Nfj;jpu
fzpj cgfuzj; njhFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; ghifkhdpia tpl mstpy; ngupa ghifkhdpfs;
re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk;.
• rupahd ngWkhdq;fisf; Fwpg;gjw;fhf mstpy; ngupjhd ghifkhdpfisg;
gad;gLj;jy; nghUj;jkhJ.

ftuhak;
• njhopDl;g tiujypd; NghJ ,t;Tgfuzk; tl;lk;> miu tl;lk; tisNfhLfs; Nghd;wd
tiutjw;Fk;> msTj;J}u nkhd;iw Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;Fg; gpujp
nra;tjw;Fk; cjTk;.
• ,t;Tgfuzk; njhopypy; <LNthUf;Fk;> njhopw; gapw;rp
kl;lj;jpy; ,Ug;NghUf;Fk; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;Fk; vd NtW Ntwhfj;
jahupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
• ghlrhiy Nfj;jpu fzpj cgfuzj;njhFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; ftuhak; ,g;glj;jpy;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpupfUtp
• gpupfUtp kw;Wk; ftuhak; vd;gtw;wpw; fpilNa fhzg;gLk; gpujhd tpj;jpahrk;>
ftuhaj;jpy; ngd;rpy; Kid ,izf;fg;gLk; gFjpf;Fg; gjpyhf gpupfUtpapy; cUf;Ff; $u;Kid
nghUj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhFk;.
• njhopDl;g tiujypd;NghJ ve;jnthU Nfhl;ilAk; rk gFjpfshfg;gpupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,J
mtrpakhFk;.
• Nfhzq;fisg; gpujp nra;tjw;Fk;> mstPLfisg; guPl;rpj;jy; Nghd;w tw;wpw;Fk; ,jidg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
• Nfhnlhd;iw rk gFjpfshfg; gpupg;gjw;F ftuhaj;ijg; gad;glj;Jtjhy; tiujhspd; J}a;ikj;jd;ik
FiwtilAk; mjidj;jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,t;Tgfuzj;ijg;gad; gLj;jyhk;.

tiujw; gyif
• njhopDl;g tiujYf;fhf tiujw; gyif gad; gLj;jg;gLk;.
• tpNrl mk;rq;fs;
• xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;GgLk; tpspk;Gfs; 90° Nfhzj;jpy; mike;jpUj;jy;.
• Nkw;gug;G> xg;gkhfTk; jl;ilahdjhfTk; Mf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
• eRq;fhjthWk; cilahjthWk; Mf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
• xU tpspk;G epak tpspk;ghfg; ngau; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
• ,t;tpspk;G Nja;tpw;F <LnfhLf;ff;$bajhf gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l gyifapdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
• ,t;tpspk;gpy; kl;lg; gyifapy; FWfpa ifgpbahdJ KOikahfj; njhLk; tifapy; itj;J
fpilf;NfhLfis tiujy; Ntz;Lk;.
• mjw;fhf NtW tpspk;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jy; $lhJ.

2nd and 3rd lectures TFL I think this is very useful for you

tpNrl Nfhl;L tiffs;
• epakf;NfhLfs; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
• ,f;NfhLfs; ru;tNjr ,zf;fg;ghl;bd; tpistpdhy; Vw;gl;l ngWNgWfshFk;.
• njhopDl;g tiujy; vdg;gLk; cyf nkhopapd; vOj;Jf;fshf ,e;j NfhLfs; kl;LNk
gad; gLj;jg;gLk;.

epak rl;lfk;
• njhopDl;g glnkhd;iw tiuAk; NghJ fljhrpapd; kPJ rl;lf nkhd;iw tiujy;
Kf;fpakhFk;.
• ,e;j rl;lfj;ij tiutjdhy;> mjDs; fhzg;gLk; njhopDl;g tiuglk; fz;Zf;F ed;F
Gyg;glf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld;> mofhd tpNrl Njhw;wj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;.
• ,jid tiuAk; NghJ NfhLfspd; gUkd; njhlu;ghf; ftdQ;nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
• ,J epak Kiwapyhd rl;lfkhifahy; epak rl;lfnkd miof;fg;gLk;. NkYk;
mlq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; rpy cs;sd.
• ehLfSf;fpilapy; ,t;tplaq;fs; xd;Wf; nfhd;W tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. vdpDk;
mbg;giltplaq;fspy; ngupastpy; khw;wq;fs; fhzg;glhJ

glg; ghu;it
• mJ Kd;gf;fkpUe;Jk; gf;fj;jpypUe;Jk;> NkNy ,Ue;Jk; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ fhl;rpaspf;Fk; tpjq;fisAk; mjidr;
nra;J Kbj;j gpd;du; mJ fhl;rpaspf;Fk; tpjj;ijAk; tiue;J fhl;LtJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
• mjidr; nra;tjw;fhd El;gj;jpwd;fisg; ngWtjw;F Kjd;ikahf> rktsTg; ghu;it (Isometric View)>
epkpu;tiu vwpak;(Orthographic Projec-tion)> Njhw;wg;ghu;it (Perspective View)> nghwpKiw tiujy;
(Technical Drawing)> kw;Wk; mit njhlu;ghd Vida jfty;fs;> mstPLfs;> gFjpfs; njhlu;ghd tptuq;fs;
Nghd;wtw;iw Kiwikahff; ifahs;tjd; %yk; mbg;gilahd mbj;jsj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
• 1. glg; ghu;it (Pictorial View)
• 2. nghwpKiw tiujy;fs; (Technical Drawing)
• (Pictorial Views)
• 1. rupTg; glg;ghu;it (Oblique Pictorial View)
• 2. ,U msT glg;ghu;it (Dimetric Pictorial View)
• 3. rktsTg; glg;ghu;it (Isometric Pictorial View)
• 4. xU Gs;spj; Njhw;wg; ghu;it (One Point Perspective View)
• 5. ,U Gs;sp Njhw;wg;ghu;it (Two Point Perspective View)
• nghUnshd;wpd; cz;ikg; ghu;itia Kd;itg;gjw;F nghUk;ghYk; rktsntwpag; KiwNa gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

38
nrq;Fj;njwpa Kiwapd; JizAld; jpl;ltiu glq;fis
tiujy;

Njhw;wf; fhl;rp Kiw (Perspective method)
• ,k;KiwNa ngUk;ghYk; tiugl El;gtpayhsu;fspdhy; gad;gLj;jg; gLtJld;>
tPl;Lj;jpl;lEl;gtpayhsu;fs; jkJ Mf;fj;jpd; gy;jF jd;ikapid Vidatu;fSf;F
fhl;Ltjw;Fk; ,k;Kiwapidg; gad;gLj;Jtu;.
• ,k;Kiwapy; tiuag;gLfpd;w fhl;rpfis> %d;W Kiwfspy; tiua KbAk;. mjhtJ>
• xU Gs;spAldhd gluPjpahd fhl;rp (1- Point Perspective view)
• ,U Gs;spfSldhd gluPjpahd fhl;rp (2- Points Perspective view)
• Kd;W Gs;spfSldhd gluPjpahd fhl;rp (3 - Points Perspective view)

Njhw;wf; fhl;rp Kiw (Perspective method)

46
diametric
denoting or incorporating a method of
showing projection or perspective
using a set of three geometrical axes of
which two are of the same scale or
dimension but the third is of another.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BaEBFxgaIQ

51
50MM * 50MM * 50MM
40MM * 70MM * 20MM
25MM * 80MM * 100MM
60MM * 10MM * 20MM
A
B
C

Fw;Wj;jhaj; jhSk; rktsTj; Njhw;wj;ij epUkhzpj;jYk;

epkpu;tiungwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs;
• Kjw;Nfhzk;
• Kd;dpiyj; Njhw;wk;
• gf;fj; Njhw;wk;
• jpl;lg;glk;

57
Kjw;Nfhz>%d;whk;Nfhz FwpaP
FwpaPL
 Kjw;Nfhzk; ghh;itapd; vjph; jpir
 %d;whk;Nfhzk; ghh;itapd; mNj jpir

60
Kjw; NfhzKiwapy; mike;j epkph; tiu vwpak;

61
%d;whk; NfhzKiwapy; mike;j
epkph; tiu vwpak;

rkstsTj; Njhw;wq;fis tiuAk;
epkpu;tiungwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs
• %d;whq;Nfhzk;
• gf;fj; Njhw;wk;
• jpl;lg;glk;

gjhu;j;jq;fis tifg;gLj;jy;
• ,aw;ifahd
• nguR
• nguR my;yhj
• nraw;ifahd
• ntg;gkpsf;Fk; gpshj;jpf;F
• ntg;gk;kpWf;Fk; gpshj;jpf;F
• gjhu;j;jq;fspd; elj;ijfSk; ,ay;GfSk;

gjhu;j;jq;fis tifg;gLj;jy
• nraw;ifahd
• ntg;gkpsf;Fk; gpshj;jpf;F
• ntg;gk;kpWf;Fk; gpshj;jpf;F

fUtpfs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
• mstPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;
• milahskpLk; cgfuzq;fs;
• ntl;Lk; cgfuzq;fs;
• JisapLk; cgfuzq;fs;
• tbtikf;Fk; cgfuzq;fs;
• ,izf;Fk; cgfuzq;fs;
• nghUj;Jk; cgfuzq;fs;
• Kbg;Gr; nra;Ak; cgfuzq;fs;
• njhopDl;g eltbf;iffspw;F mika fUtpfs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
fUtpfisr; rupahff; ifahsy;
• R+oy;Neag; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;
• vspa jpl;llk;
• KbTg;nghUs;

jpl;lg;glq;fis tiuAk;nghOJ Neu;NfhL
• Nfj;jpufzpj js cUtq;fs; kw;Wk; jpz;kg; nghUl;fis epUkhzpg;Gf;Fupa
jpl;lg;glq;fis tiuAk;nghOJ Neu;NfhL> nrq;Fj;J> fpil kw;Wk; rha;Tf;NfhL.
tisNfhL Nghd;W NfhLfisAk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;b tuyhk;.
• ,f;NfhlhdJ rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; rkkhd ghfq;fshf my;yJ tpfpjq;fSf;F Vw;g
gpupj;jy;> gpujp nra;jy; my;yJ gy;NtW gf;fq;fspid cila gy; Nfhzpfis
tiujYf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk; Vw;gLk;.

Neu;NfhL> tisNfhL> Nfhz tiffs;
• Neu;NfhL
• Neu;Nfhnlhd;iwr; rkkhd gFjpfSf;Fg; (7 mstpy;) gpupf;Fk; Kiw
• Neu;Nfhnlhd;iwr; rkkhd vz;zpf;iff;Fk; (7 mstpy;)
• Neu; Nfhl;il ve;jnthU tpfpjj;Jf;Fk; (cjhuzkhf> 3:2 Nghd;W)
• tisNfhL
• Neu;Nfhl;L tif my;yhj tiyNfhLfisf; fhl;b tisNfhl;il ,dq;fhzr; nra;f.
• tpy;iy ,ul;il vz;zpf;if Vw;g rk gFjpfshfg; gpupf;Fk; Kiwia tpsf;fp
tpy;iy 2> 4> 6 gFjpfSf;Fg; gpupg;gjw;F <LgLj;jTk;
• Neu;NfhL kw;Wk; tisNfhL njhLif Kiwia mikf;fr; nra;aTk;.

84
Neu;NfhL xd;wpy; Nfhzq;fs; mikj;jy;

85
Neu;NfhL xd;wpw;F
nrq;Fj;J mikj;jy;

86
Neu;NfhL xd;wpw;F nrq;Fj;J mikj;jy;

87

88

89

90

91

92

2nd and 3rd lectures TFL I think this is very useful for you

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