[2]report relatity theory
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1) Maxwell's equations show that electricity and magnetism are two aspects of the same phenomenon called electromagnetism. A moving electrically charged body produces an electromagnetic force on another charged body. 2) Einstein postulated that the speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental constant regardless of the observer's motion. He also realized that mass and energy are equivalent and can be converted into one another according to his famous equation E=mc2. 3) Einstein's theory of general relativity holds that mass warps the space-time around it. His field equations relate the geometry of space-time to the distribution of mass and energy, providing a mathematical description of gravity.
[2]report relatity theory
- 1. 長 岡 技 術 科 学 大 学 NAGAOKA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Advanced Engineering on Electromagnetic Energy Herrera-Salazar María Guadalupe del Rocío (Student ID 14506181) Maxwell's equations allow us to see clearly that electricity and magnetism are two manifestations of the same physical phenomenon, electromagnetism. A body moving electrically charged produces an electromagnetic force on another charged body. The most important difference is that the magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic force depend of the load of the body that produce and also its speed. Maxwell's equations describe the behavior of the electromagnetic field at each point in space and at each time point (three spatial coordinates x, y, z, and time t). Also can change the position and time in Maxwell's equations without altering its shape, Lorentz showed that there is a mathematical transformation that leaves invariant the form of Maxwell's equations, provided that not only the position is changed but also the time. In 1905 Einstein postulated that the Maxwell equations must have the same form in any inertial reference system and therefore, it is impossible distinguish from electromagnetic experiments an inertial reference system of another. For that the principle of relativity is met, it is necessary that the Lorentz transformations are physically valid; accordingly, the time measured between two events depends on the movement of who measured. Einstein postulated that there is not absolute time, neither absolute space, so time doesn't elapses of the same form for different observers. Is important to note that the effect predicted by Einstein is only noticeable at speeds approaching that of light. Thus Einstein said that the speed of light in vacuum is a fundamental constant of nature, regardless of who the measure, this speed is extremely high compared to our everyday experience. Einstein realized also that the mass and energy of a body always appear together in a very remarkable manner, as shown in the following equation: 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐2 (1) Where 𝐸 is the energy of a body, 𝑚 its mass and 𝑐2 is the speed of light squared. Einstein's formula states that in one kilogram of matter is roughly equivalent to all the energy consumed in the earth in one hour. According to the basic principle of the theory of relativity, physical phenomena obey laws that do not depend on the frame of reference of which observe. Actually, a perfect inertial reference system must be isolated in outer space, far from whatever body that can to attract it gravitationally. The essence of Einstein's theory is that the mass of a body warps the space-time around them. In the absence of mass, space-time is flat and a particle is moving in a straight line because nothing affects his career, but in the presence of a gravitating mass, space-time is curved and a particle moves along a geodesic. In Einstein's theory, the curvature of space-time is calculated, but the situation is quite complicated because not only the mass but also the energy exerts a gravitational action. In 1916, Einstein published his mathematical equation that relates the geometry of space-time with the distribution of mass and energy, this formula is known as Einstein equation and is the basis of general relativity. The mathematical equations of general relativity (2) permit to calculate the curvature of space-time produced by a given mass as well as the trajectories of the particles under the influence of the mass. (2)