3 e pure mark scheme and analysis
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This document contains the marking scheme and questions for a Year End geography exam. It provides guidance on common student mistakes and outlines the key details examiners look for in responses. The questions cover topics like coastal landforms, plate tectonics, climate and weather. Examiners expect answers to be specific, include geographical vocabulary and use clear examples to justify responses. Overall, the document provides a framework for students to understand exam expectations and focus their revision efforts.
![Section A: Compulsory Qn
[25m]
• Overall quite well done for this question
• Lowest score is 15/25
• Top score is 24
• Failure to be specific and mention key details of
processes resulted in loss of marks
– Backwash falls perpendicular (due to gravitational
pull)
– Hydraulic action occurs as the force of the water hits
the cracks in the landform (forcing compression of air)
– etc](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-2-320.jpg)
![• Longshore Drift
• Process of sediment transportation
• Follows the direction of dominant longshore
current at location
• Swash at an angle (due to long shore current),
Backwash vertically out (due to gravity)
1 (a) Study the image below Fig 1 which showed the movement of an orange that Jessie threw
into the seas. The arrows show the path that it took before resting at the point in the
bottom right corner of the image. Briefly explain the phenomenon that is shown in Fig 1.
[4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-3-320.jpg)
![Either process below
• Hydraulic action
• Waves hit coastal area, trapping air in cracks and
creating large pressure.
• Weaknesses exploited and cliff breaks down over time.
Or
• Corrasion
• Sediment materials in the waves are flung at cliff
• Impact erodes cliff surface and eventually leads to cliff
breaking down.
(b) Study the diagram shown below, Fig 2. Name and briefly explain the key erosional process
involved in the diagram.
[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-4-320.jpg)
![• Aquaculture (China / Vietnam /
Thailand / Indonesia)
• Use of coastal area to cultivate marine
life (organic or otherwise)
• Shrimp / Fish
(c)(i) With the aid of a named example you’ve learnt about, explain how coastal areas can be a
valuable source of food production.
[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-5-320.jpg)
![• Coastal protection against natural disasters
• Softens the impact of storm surges / Tsunamis
Or
• Building block of marine life
• Natural shelter for the young marine animals
(fish/shrimp/etc)
(ii) Brieflyexplainhowmangrovesbenefitmankind. [2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-6-320.jpg)
![• Corals provide shelter for small marine
animals (fish / crustacean)
• Start of the food cycle
• Corals attract large pools of marine
animals, ready food source for local human
populations in the area.
(d)(i) “Corals are a vital part of the ocean’s ecosystem and vital to mankind.” Briefly explain how
the statement is true / false.
[2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-7-320.jpg)
![(ii) With reference to Fig 3 below, name and explain (with the aid of a fully labelled diagram), the
landform that would eventually form if the current oceanic conditions were to persist for
another 100 years at this location.
[5]
Diagram (fully labelled) 2m
1m for correct identification, 2m for description
• Tombolo
• Spit grows with additional deposition that is
due to longshore drift.
• The deposition will connect the spit to the
island, creating a lagoon of trapped water
behind.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-8-320.jpg)
![Named example (1 hard engineering & 1 soft
engineering) 1m each
2m for explanation of coastal protection.
• Breakwater
– Mass of cemented rocks placed horizontal to the coast.
– Protects the coast from destructive waves that erode the
sand away
• Beach Nourishment
– Regular deposition of sand on the beach and sand dunes
– Provision of additional material to replace the sand that
has been eroded away and to reinforce the dunes.
(e) Using named examples, explain how soft and hard engineering works as coastal protection
measures along East Coast Park in Singapore.
[6]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-9-320.jpg)
![2 (a) Study the data in the table below, Fig 4. Using the data, explain the vast difference in
estimated deaths of earthquakes that are of similar magnitude.
[4]
Fig 4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-11-320.jpg)
![1m for each point
• Emergency shelter
• Urban areas tend to have high density
residential areas
• Provides shelter for the people from the
natural elements and potential aftershocks.
(b) Fig 5, below shows a short term response that is common after an earthquake in an urban
area. Briefly explain how it is more important than a long term response at this moment in
time.
[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-13-320.jpg)
![1m for each point
• Convergent / Destructive Continental-Oceanic
plate margin.
• Denser oceanic crust subducts and melts
while the continental crust folds.
• An oceanic trench, fold mountains and
volcanoes are formed.
(c)(i) The diagram below Fig 6, shows a plate boundary. Identify the plate boundary and describe
the processes that take place there.
[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-14-320.jpg)
![1m for each point
• Convergent/Destructive Continental plates
• Both plates fold and buckle, rising up, large
amount of force is involved.
• Fold mountain is formed.
(ii) The picture below, Fig 7, shows the Himalayan mountain range. Briefly explain how this
mountain range was formed.
[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-15-320.jpg)
![1m for each point
• Two oceanic plates move away from one
another
• The mid section breaks and fractures
• A rift is formed in the middle as new land
rises, at times underwater volcanoes may be
formed
• Mid-Atlantic ridge
(d) Using anamedexampleyou have studied, explain what occursat aconstructive oceanic
margin.
[4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-16-320.jpg)
![• Student must answer the question “To what
extent do you agree with the statement”
• Answer covers the key factor “Time of
earthquake” comprehensively with full
examples listed.
• Answer should explore at least 1 opposite
stand comprehensively with full examples
listed (Population density / level of technology
/ level of preparedness).
(e) “Timeofearthquakeisthemostimportantfactorthatdeterminestheextentofdamageand
lossofhumanlife.”Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?
[8]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-17-320.jpg)
![3 (a) Study Fig 8 below, identify and briefly explain the climate shown in the climograph. [3]
Fig 8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-18-320.jpg)
![(b) Study Fig 9 below, describe the temperature and rainfall trends shown and identify the
climate type that is shown. [4]
Fig 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-20-320.jpg)
![(c)(i) Study the diagram below, Fig 10, which shows the movement of wind on a global scale.
Name the wind shown and briefly explain it’s movement and impact.
[4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-22-320.jpg)
![1m for each point
• Land Breeze
• Water retains heat better hence there is an
area of low pressure above the sea.
• Area of high pressure above land leads to
wind rushing from land to the sea.
(ii) Thediagrambelow,Fig11,showsalocalwindcondition.Brieflyexplainwhatcausesthis
condition.
[2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-24-320.jpg)
![1m for the named example. 3m for explanation
of human impact.
• Katrina / Andrew
• Affected USA / Australia
• Flooding and storm surge / flooding
• Destruction of homes & businesses / loss of
crops and farmland
(d) With the aid of a named example, explain how tropical cyclones affect humans. [4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-25-320.jpg)
![• Student must answer the question “To what
extent do you agree with the statement”
• Answer covers the key factor “monsoon brings
more benefit” comprehensively with full
examples listed.
• Answer should explore at least 1 opposite
stand comprehensively with full examples
listed (Flooding / Spread of diseases / loss of
crops / etc).
(e) “Monsoonsbringmorebenefitthandamagetothehumanpopulationslivinginareasthat
experienceit.”Howfar doyouagreewith thestatement?Explainyour answer.
[8]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3epuremarkschemeandanalysis-151011013714-lva1-app6892/85/3-e-pure-mark-scheme-and-analysis-26-320.jpg)
3 e pure mark scheme and analysis
- 1. 2015 Sec 3 Pure Geography EOY Paper 1 Mark Scheme
- 2. Section A: Compulsory Qn [25m] • Overall quite well done for this question • Lowest score is 15/25 • Top score is 24 • Failure to be specific and mention key details of processes resulted in loss of marks – Backwash falls perpendicular (due to gravitational pull) – Hydraulic action occurs as the force of the water hits the cracks in the landform (forcing compression of air) – etc
- 3. • Longshore Drift • Process of sediment transportation • Follows the direction of dominant longshore current at location • Swash at an angle (due to long shore current), Backwash vertically out (due to gravity) 1 (a) Study the image below Fig 1 which showed the movement of an orange that Jessie threw into the seas. The arrows show the path that it took before resting at the point in the bottom right corner of the image. Briefly explain the phenomenon that is shown in Fig 1. [4]
- 4. Either process below • Hydraulic action • Waves hit coastal area, trapping air in cracks and creating large pressure. • Weaknesses exploited and cliff breaks down over time. Or • Corrasion • Sediment materials in the waves are flung at cliff • Impact erodes cliff surface and eventually leads to cliff breaking down. (b) Study the diagram shown below, Fig 2. Name and briefly explain the key erosional process involved in the diagram. [3]
- 5. • Aquaculture (China / Vietnam / Thailand / Indonesia) • Use of coastal area to cultivate marine life (organic or otherwise) • Shrimp / Fish (c)(i) With the aid of a named example you’ve learnt about, explain how coastal areas can be a valuable source of food production. [3]
- 6. • Coastal protection against natural disasters • Softens the impact of storm surges / Tsunamis Or • Building block of marine life • Natural shelter for the young marine animals (fish/shrimp/etc) (ii) Brieflyexplainhowmangrovesbenefitmankind. [2]
- 7. • Corals provide shelter for small marine animals (fish / crustacean) • Start of the food cycle • Corals attract large pools of marine animals, ready food source for local human populations in the area. (d)(i) “Corals are a vital part of the ocean’s ecosystem and vital to mankind.” Briefly explain how the statement is true / false. [2]
- 8. (ii) With reference to Fig 3 below, name and explain (with the aid of a fully labelled diagram), the landform that would eventually form if the current oceanic conditions were to persist for another 100 years at this location. [5] Diagram (fully labelled) 2m 1m for correct identification, 2m for description • Tombolo • Spit grows with additional deposition that is due to longshore drift. • The deposition will connect the spit to the island, creating a lagoon of trapped water behind.
- 9. Named example (1 hard engineering & 1 soft engineering) 1m each 2m for explanation of coastal protection. • Breakwater – Mass of cemented rocks placed horizontal to the coast. – Protects the coast from destructive waves that erode the sand away • Beach Nourishment – Regular deposition of sand on the beach and sand dunes – Provision of additional material to replace the sand that has been eroded away and to reinforce the dunes. (e) Using named examples, explain how soft and hard engineering works as coastal protection measures along East Coast Park in Singapore. [6]
- 10. Section B (Option) 25m each • Most candidates attempted Qn 2 (Tectonic Hazards) as opposed to 4 candidates who attempted Qn 3 (Changes in Climate). • Both Qn were not as well answered as Qn 1. • Insufficient content knowledge shown in answers. • Lacking in specific geographical vocabulary • Insufficient usage of clear, named examples in the answering and justification of answers. • Open-ended question generally lacking in either explanation or examples, trapping most answers in level 2 (4-6 marks)
- 11. 2 (a) Study the data in the table below, Fig 4. Using the data, explain the vast difference in estimated deaths of earthquakes that are of similar magnitude. [4] Fig 4
- 12. 2(a) 4m Largestdeathtollis300,000inHaiti(7.0magnitude) 2nd largestdeathtollisAceh,228,000(9.2magnitude) Largemagnitudehasatendencytoleadtolargedeathtollmainlyduetodamageto thearea. Withgoodtechnology,numberofdeathscanbemitigated(Tohoku–9.0,28,000 deaths)
- 13. 1m for each point • Emergency shelter • Urban areas tend to have high density residential areas • Provides shelter for the people from the natural elements and potential aftershocks. (b) Fig 5, below shows a short term response that is common after an earthquake in an urban area. Briefly explain how it is more important than a long term response at this moment in time. [3]
- 14. 1m for each point • Convergent / Destructive Continental-Oceanic plate margin. • Denser oceanic crust subducts and melts while the continental crust folds. • An oceanic trench, fold mountains and volcanoes are formed. (c)(i) The diagram below Fig 6, shows a plate boundary. Identify the plate boundary and describe the processes that take place there. [3]
- 15. 1m for each point • Convergent/Destructive Continental plates • Both plates fold and buckle, rising up, large amount of force is involved. • Fold mountain is formed. (ii) The picture below, Fig 7, shows the Himalayan mountain range. Briefly explain how this mountain range was formed. [3]
- 16. 1m for each point • Two oceanic plates move away from one another • The mid section breaks and fractures • A rift is formed in the middle as new land rises, at times underwater volcanoes may be formed • Mid-Atlantic ridge (d) Using anamedexampleyou have studied, explain what occursat aconstructive oceanic margin. [4]
- 17. • Student must answer the question “To what extent do you agree with the statement” • Answer covers the key factor “Time of earthquake” comprehensively with full examples listed. • Answer should explore at least 1 opposite stand comprehensively with full examples listed (Population density / level of technology / level of preparedness). (e) “Timeofearthquakeisthemostimportantfactorthatdeterminestheextentofdamageand lossofhumanlife.”Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement? [8]
- 18. 3 (a) Study Fig 8 below, identify and briefly explain the climate shown in the climograph. [3] Fig 8
- 19. 1m for each point • Equatorial climate • Regularly High temperature • Consistently high rainfall with a peak in November and December
- 20. (b) Study Fig 9 below, describe the temperature and rainfall trends shown and identify the climate type that is shown. [4] Fig 9
- 21. 1m for each point • Monsoon climate • Moderately high annual temperature with low range (below 10⁰C) • Clear rainfall peak (Jun to Sept) marking onset of monsoon • Minimal rainfall for remainder of the year / Graph shows area affected by SW monsoon.
- 22. (c)(i) Study the diagram below, Fig 10, which shows the movement of wind on a global scale. Name the wind shown and briefly explain it’s movement and impact. [4]
- 23. 1m for identifying the wind and 1m for each explanation. • North East Monsoon • Winter in the Northern Hemisphere (area of high pressure) • Summer in the Southern Hemisphere (area of low pressure)
- 24. 1m for each point • Land Breeze • Water retains heat better hence there is an area of low pressure above the sea. • Area of high pressure above land leads to wind rushing from land to the sea. (ii) Thediagrambelow,Fig11,showsalocalwindcondition.Brieflyexplainwhatcausesthis condition. [2]
- 25. 1m for the named example. 3m for explanation of human impact. • Katrina / Andrew • Affected USA / Australia • Flooding and storm surge / flooding • Destruction of homes & businesses / loss of crops and farmland (d) With the aid of a named example, explain how tropical cyclones affect humans. [4]
- 26. • Student must answer the question “To what extent do you agree with the statement” • Answer covers the key factor “monsoon brings more benefit” comprehensively with full examples listed. • Answer should explore at least 1 opposite stand comprehensively with full examples listed (Flooding / Spread of diseases / loss of crops / etc). (e) “Monsoonsbringmorebenefitthandamagetothehumanpopulationslivinginareasthat experienceit.”Howfar doyouagreewith thestatement?Explainyour answer. [8]
- 27. The end….. Please continue to work hard at your revision, we will look forward to doing better next year!