3 hang on_a_minute-ankur_goyal

Hang On a Minute
- What Happened to My Requirements?
Ankur Goyal
IT Specialist, IBM Rational, Software Group
ankurgoyal@in.ibm.com
+91 9818519931

NRDM02

© 2009 IBM Corporation

IBM Rational Software Conference 2009

Hang On a Minute - What Happened to My Requirements?

What engineering produced What the customer wanted


What we will cover

Why do your specified requirements not appear in the
delivered product?

Requirements happen across the whole of the lifecycle – not
just at the beginning.

What you can do to better manage the requirements set, and
ensure that the developing product is meeting expectations.

Conclusion and time for final questions.

3


Agenda

Root causes of disappearing requirements

Requirements across the whole lifecycle

Tips and Techniques

Conclusion

4


Some Familiar Situations…

Stuff is Yeah, well, we
missing! started out with
what you gave
us, and then....

5


Why your requirements don’t appear in the final product

Poorly defined requirements
Not keeping track of changing requirements
Developers doing what they want
Impact analysis not undertaken properly
Large volume makes managing the
requirements set difficult

6



Not changing scope as needs change
Stakeholders change their minds
- and don’t tell you
Business imperatives
Test squeeze
Locked into early screen designs

7


Agenda



Tips and Techniques

Conclusion

8



9


Changing emphasis across the phases (optimal):

In Inception, confirm the scope
60%-80% of final requirements gathered

In Elaboration, refine scope through discovery
when mitigating risks
Negotiated scope change – add, modify and delete
requirements

In Construction, minor changes to scope
In Transition, no new requirements

10


The Requirements Management Practice

from the IBM Rational Unified Process

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The Requirements Management Practice

from the IBM Rational Unified Process

12


Agenda



Tips and Techniques

Conclusion

13


What you can do to stop requirements disappearing

Use the requirements to gain and maintain
agreement
Document and maintain the requirements set
Organize your requirements
Create and use attributes
Trace between the types of requirements

14



Plan and measure
Control change
Avoid GUI design too early
Automate where practical
Gradually improve your requirements
practices

15


Use the requirements to gain and maintain agreement
Tell the stakeholder what you think they are telling you
Requirements Composer lets you tell stories
Communicate to the developers, testers and tech writers
Use a requirements hierarchy to do impact analysis
Allows discussion on scope change
Don’t let the stakeholders change the originally
submitted document
Make them do a change request instead
Tool: IBM Rational Requirements Composer
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Storyboards are more than just screenshots

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Write them down
Index them
Your copy of the requirements is the reference
point
Update them as they change
Use them as the basis for testing

Tool: IBM Rational RequisitePro
19


Controlling
Problem Space
Problem
Problem
y
rch

Security
iera

Needs
sH
ent

Features The system
rem

to be built
qui

Software Attributes
Solution Space
Requirements
Re

Traceability

Test Procedures
Design
User Doc
Metrics

Tooling

20



Not all requirements are equal
Large numbers of requirements are
unmanageable
Group them by purpose; person; importance;
timing; layer or a combination of these
Control who can change requirements
You don’t want the programmers changing them!

21



Attributes are the metadata of the
requirements
Use attributes to perform
Scheduling
Integration with change requests and defect
tracking
Correctness analysis
Trend analysis
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Using attributes – checking on what is being done when
Assists to organize and
trace the requirements.
Can find requirements
by release quickly.
Views to help
enforce
process

Requirements
organized by
release

Views of this
and all
releases

23



Tracing the relationship between requirements
of different types helps you to perform
Impact analysis
Completeness analysis
Coverage analysis
Testing
Confidence tests

24


Shows relationship between two requirements.


Plan and measure

RM Plan

Tool: IBM Rational Method Composer
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Plan and measure

What process and mechanisms will be used
Tooling
How will it be configured
Measurements and metrics
Reports
Requirements change management

27


Control Change

Control change or it will control you
Beware the scope creep
Perform impact analysis
What other changes will occur
Change will happen – ensure it happens in an
orderly manner

Tool: IBM Rational ClearQuest
28


Integrating requirements with change – defects, etc.
Enables link
between
requirements,
enhancements,
defects and
tests.



Aim for GUI requirements, not design
You are not locked in too early to the solution
Reduces time to get agreement
No haggling about where a field goes, or what it
looks like
Makes defining the scope quicker
Your job is easier
Gives the GUI designer something to do

30


Use a
header area – see section 4.1 mudmap or
wireframe

Navigation data area – see section 4.3 Use
pane – see notes
section 4.2

use corporate
color and
layout
foot area – see section 4.4 standards
Tool: IBM Rational Requirements Composer
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No one just uses paper and pencil anymore
Use the tools that suits your needs
Allow time to get skilled in the product
Improve your work practices
You don’t want to do bad things quicker

32


Gradually improve your requirements practices

Written
Organized A gradual, cumulative process
Structured - you won’t get here tomorrow
Traced
Integrated
The Five Levels of Requirements Management Maturity,
Jim Heumann, The Rational Edge, February 2003
Tool: IBM Rational Method Composer
33


Process guidance created with Method Composer

Provides guidance
on the new process –
what to do when,
what to use, etc

34


35


Agenda



Tips and Techniques

Conclusion

36


What we have covered

Why do your specified requirements not appear in
the delivered product?

Requirements happen across the whole of the
lifecycle – not just at the beginning.

What you can do to better manage the requirements
set, and ensure that the developing product is
meeting expectations.

37



Poorly defined requirements
Not keeping track of changing requirements
Developers doing what they want
Impact analysis not undertaken properly
Difficult to manage because of large volume
Not changing scope as needs change
Test Squeeze

38


Use the requirements to gain and maintain agreement
Plan and measure
Control change
Gradually improve your requirements practices
39


What you can expect:

Reduced errors in requirements set
Better management – transparency
Control of scope creep – cost and schedule
Fewer bugs going into production and
having to be fixed in the next lifecycle
Quicker testing – traceability
What you expected to see is there

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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009. All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind,
express or implied. IBM shall not be responsible for any damages arising out of the use of, or otherwise related to, these materials. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have
the effect of, creating any warranties or representations from IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM
software. References in these materials to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that they will be available in all countries in which IBM operates. Product release dates and/or capabilities
referenced in these materials may change at any time at IBM’s sole discretion based on market opportunities or other factors, and are not intended to be a commitment to future product or feature
availability in any way. IBM, the IBM logo, Rational, the Rational logo, Telelogic, the Telelogic logo, and other IBM products and services are trademarks of the International Business Machines
Corporation, in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

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