3.1 notes part ii
- 1. 3.1 notes (Part II)
- 2. VIRGINIA LABOR There were severe labor shortages in VA Originally, to deal with this problem, indentured servants were brought in Indentured servants usually signed a contract to work 4-7 years for people who would pay their ship fare to the New World Later, African slaves were brought to fill the labor void
- 3. BRIDGING TO 1676 Settlers continued to flood into VA Most people worked hard and enjoyed the prosperous times Ships constantly sailed in and out of busy harbors Colonists traded raw goods like tobacco for tools, books, furniture & other finished/manufactured goods from England
- 4. EXPLODING POPULATION By the mid 1600s, VA had a population greater than 15,000 In 1699 the capital was moved from Jamestown to the tiny town of Williamsburg
- 5. Settlers continued to flood the colony Wealthy tobacco planters controlled the best coastal lands at the mouths of rivers and along the Atlantic coast Poorer people set up smaller farms inland Where specifically might average settlers have looked for land? INDIAN LAND
- 6. SETTLERS GRAB INDIAN LAND Now we had extensive bloodshed In the 1640s we saw a series of attempts to establish peace This truce did not last because people kept ignoring it and moving west
- 7. Would Gov. William Berkeley move the Indians further west? Berkeley’s income sources: Plantation owner Salary as governor Trading post owner (his primary customers were Indians) Would he?
- 8. TROUBLE BEGINS (July 1675) Doeg Indians attacked the plantation of Thomas Mathews Several Doegs and whites were killed in the raid, which began in a dispute over the nonpayment of some items Mathews had apparently obtained from the tribe Various colonists decided to get even but they attacked the wrong Indians, the Susquehanaugs Large scale Indian raids began soon after
- 9. LAST CHANCE Gov. Berkeley was given a final opportunity to attack the Indians July 30, 1676, a young planter named Nathaniel Bacon (Berkeley’s cousin) issued a Declaration of the People of Virginia demanding that Indians in the area be killed or removed It also demanded an end to
- 10. CRITICISM The governor’s administration was criticized in detail It accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and of failing to protect outlying farmers from Indian attack
- 11. FARMERS ORGANIZE When the governor refused to attack the Indians, farmers decided to create their own raiding party Nathaniel Bacon arrived with a large amount of brandy, distributed it and was then elected leader of the group Ignoring Berkeley’s pleas to stop, the drunken mob of 500+ consisting of many planters, former indentured servants, slaves & free slaves marched to Jamestown
- 12. September 19, 1676 Jamestown was burned to the ground Berkeley was outnumbered and had to retreat across the river to John Custis’ plantation Custis’ only surviving son was Daniel Parke Custis, the 1st husband of Martha Washington However in Oct, Bacon contracted a fever according to your book
- 13. WHAT KIND OF FEVER DID NATHANIEL HAVE? Dysentery? By touching waste you contaminate food and water resulting in the loss of salts, fluids and other vital minerals Put more crudely bloody and mucus-filled diarrhea eventually result in your death Similar to e-coli today Many people of that time called it the bloody flux or the
- 14. RAMPAGING MOB LOSES ITS LEADER Nathaniel soon died His remaining soldiers burned his body Soon after an English naval squadron arrived with enough soldiers to restore order Berkeley regained complete control and 23 of Bacon’s followers were executed without trial. Their estates were seized to compensate friends of the governor whose plantations had been plundered by the rebels Ironically a new Indian treaty was signed in 1677 that opened up most of the disputed territory to whites
- 15. SUMMARY OF BACON’S REBELLION This was the 1st rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part The uprising was a protest against Indian raids on the frontier and the governor’s blatant favoritism It was one of the 1st times that poor whites and poor blacks were united for a cause While the colonists were not successful in their goal of driving Indians out of VA, the rebellion did cause Berkeley to be recalled to England It showed the lengths that colonists would go to get hold of valuable Indian land
- 16. CHARLES II REACTS The king acknowledged that high taxes and low tobacco prices contributed to Bacon’s Rebellion Charles II said, “ That old fool has hanged more men in that naked country than I have done here for the murder of my father.”
- 17. ROOTS OF MARYLAND During the 1600s, Catholics in England faced some of the same problems as Separatists, Puritans, Quakers, etc. As nonmembers of the Anglican Church, Catholics could not practice their religion openly Smoker Ruth persecution STORY? Those who were open about their Catholicism risked jail and/or the confiscation of their property
- 18. THE CALVERT PLAN A rich and powerful family, the Calverts, decided to build a colony where Catholics could worship freely The Calverts had been friends of the royal family for generations, so they felt comfortable asking the king for a land grant Charles I gave them a huge chunk of land just north of Virginia
- 19. LAND GRANT In 1632, Charles I granted George Calvert, Lord Baltimore (son Cecilius) the land that became known as Maryland
- 20. CALVERT’S PROFIT MAXIMIZING MODEL Calvert hoped to make a profit from the colony but since he was Catholic, he wanted it to be a haven for Catholics (refuge) Lord Baltimore planned to set up a feudal system with manors and serfs He had the right to pass his own laws and set up courts
- 21. PUBLIC REACTIONS TO CALVERT’S COLONY Many settlers didn’t find MD attractive under Calvert’s ideas To attract settlers, they were later allowed to own their own farms To keep political influence, Calvert had to give the people considerable say in local affairs
- 22. SHOT IN THE ARM FOR THE ECONOMY In 1634, the Ark and the Dove took the 1st Catholic settlers from England to MD Farmers soon raised huge crops of wheat, corn and tobacco Baltimore was the largest city Annapolis grew into a busy seaport Before long, MD products began to flow into England along with products from other colonies To ensure quick growth, the
- 23. 1649 Maryland Act of Toleration Assured all CHRISTIANS that they could worship freely in MD What about Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, etc? Religious Toleration By Edwin Howland Blashfield, (1848-1936) unveiled January 11, 1905
- 24. KEY ITEMS TO REMEMBER ABOUT MARYLAND Maryland based its economy on tobacco It was very similar to Virginia Somewhat more diversified
- 25. CAROLINA In 1663, Charles II issued a charter giving a large tract of land to the south of Virginia to EIGHT rich English nobles (Are there poor nobles?) These nobles named it Carolina in honor of the king (Carolus is Latin for Charles) Proprietary colony
- 26. THE CAROLINA PLAN OF THE EIGHT RICH DUDES They had a very detailed vision to assure that the colony would succeed The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (FCC) was commissioned by the eight to be written by one of the great philosophers of the time, John Locke Locke described a colony controlled by a group of landed nobles Division of political and economic power People of different religions were welcomed in the colony The capital city was built on the shore of a beautiful bay and was called Charles Town (later Charleston)
- 27. A COLONIZATION MAGNET? Others seeking religious freedom and the chance to make a decent living followed People came from all over Europe and the other English colonies Soon Carolina had valuable crops to export such as tobacco, rice, and ginger
- 28. DIVORCE NC had been settled by poor farmers, while wealthier SC developed huge rice plantations that used enslaved Africans By 1712 the population had grown so large that the colony was divided Other aspects of the division? Economic snobbery from the south and distance from the