324 09 avoidance
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This document discusses discriminated avoidance learning in humans and animals. It describes how a warning signal prompts an avoidance response to prevent or remove an aversive stimulus. The dominant two-process theory explains that classical conditioning creates a fear response to the warning signal, and operant conditioning reinforces the avoidance response because it reduces this fear. The avoidance response is maintained because it allows escape from the conditioned fear response, not because it directly prevents the aversive stimulus.
324 09 avoidance
- 1. Human Learning Topic 9: Avoidance CEDP503 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1 3/30/2012
- 2. Discriminated Avoidance A warning signal is given A response prevents or removes the stimulus Escape trials Organism makes response to ‘remove’ stimulus Happens early in training Avoidance trials Organism makes response to avoid stimulus
- 3. Two process theory What do you ‘get’ in avoidance? Actually nothing ‘nothing’ cant cause something Two process theory Explains most of avoidance behavior Is the standard Is not perfect
- 4. More two-process Classical conditioning CS paired with US fear motivation Operant conditioning Reduction of fear is a negative reinforcer Terminating the CS reducing fear
- 5. What is learned? Escape from conditioned fear This maintains the behavior Prevention of shock Is the by-product or outcome of the behavior This does not control the response
- 6. Acquired drive Experimental paradigm Separate CC and OC components Produce conditioned fear CS US Expose CS and permit termination of it Organisms learn to make the response
- 7. Extinction of avoidance Avoiding a stimulus Breaking the CS-US connection of fear But the response persists dramatically How to extinguish? Flooding Present the CS without the US Do not allow the avoidance response Response blocking Prevent response that terminates the CS No CS US pairings Failure to make the avoidance response no shock
- 8. Free operant avoidance No warning signal Two process theory does not explain this Organisms still learn to make the response Humans CO2 administrations for 20 seconds Pull a plunger prevents this No instructions provided