35602787 mobile-application-testing
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(1) Defines a mobile application and lists common types including communications, games, multimedia, productivity, travel and utilities applications. It also defines major mobile operating systems like Android, Symbian OS, Windows Mobile and Palm OS. (2) Outlines the steps for mobile application black box testing which includes system study, test plan/scenario preparation, test case design, test environment setup, test case execution, and defect/test report preparation. Critical factors are use of test automation and emulator/actual devices. (3) Testing should follow guidelines like understanding the network and device landscape and testing for the mobile environment and application complexity.
35602787 mobile-application-testing
- 2. (1) Define Mobile application. Define types of mobile applications, define andriod and other types of content groups? Mobile application : A mobile application is a software that runs on a mobile device such as a cell phone or MP3 player that will allow the device to perform specific tasks that are typically restricted to PCs. o It also known as downloadables, mobile application are common on most phones, including inexpensive, entrylevel models. o Types of Mobile Application : Mobile Applications are mainly divided into two types : 1. PreInstalled Application 2. Mobile Application such as SMS/MMS clients, browsers and music players, come preinstalled on mobile phones. 3. Downloadable Application For example, user downloads applications over the wireless network and then install the application themselves, or have them loaded and installed in the mobile operator's store. From the technical point of view, mobile application is to be differentiated by the run time environment in which its executed : o Native platforms and Operating Systems such as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Linux. o Mobile Web/Browser runtimes, such as Webkit, Mozilla/Firefox, Opera Mini and RIM. o Other mangaed platforms and virtual machines, such as Java/J2ME, BREW, Flash Lite, and Silverlite. Mobile applications are : Communications :
- 3. Email Clients IM Clients Mobile Web and Internet Browsers News/Information Clients Ondevice Portals(Java Portals) Social Network Clients Games : Puzzle/Strategy (e.g., Tetris, Sudoku, Mahjong, Chess, Board Games) Cards/Casino (e.g., Solitaire, Blackjack, Roulette, Poker) Action/Adventure (e.g., Doom, Pirates of the Caribbean, RolePlaying Games) Sports (e.g., Football, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Racing, Boxing, Skiing) Leisure Sports (e.g., Bowling, Pool, Darts, Fishing, Air Hockey) Multimedia : Graphics/Image Viewers Presentation Viewers Video Players Audio Players Streaming Players (Audio/Video) Productivity : Calendars Calculators Diary Notepad/Memo/Word Processors Spreadsheets Directory Services (e.g., yellow pages) Banking/Finance Travel : City Guides Currency Converters Translators GPS/Maps Itineraries/Schedules Weather Utilities : Profile Manager Idle Screen/Screen Savers Address Book Task Manager Call Manager
- 4. File Manager Mobile Operating Systems : Like a computer operating system, a mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs run. Operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on a device such as thumbwheel, keyboard, WAP, synchronization with applications, email, text messaging and more. The operating system will also define which thirdparty applications to be used on the device. Some of the most common and wellknown mobile operating systems include the following : Android : Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications and uses modified version of Linux Kernel. The Android SDK(Software Development Kit) provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. It was intially developed by Android Inc. It allows developers to write managed code in the Java language, controlling the device via Google developed Java libraries. Features of andorid : Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE Symbian OS :
- 5. Symbian OS is developed by Symbian Ltd. Symbian OS has become a standard operating system for smartphones and is licensed by more than 85 percent of the world's handset manufacturers. The Symbian OS is designed for the specific requirements of 2.5G and 3G mobile phones. Windows Mobile : The Windows Mobile platform is available on a variety of devices from a variety of wireless operators. Windows Mobile software is inculded with Dell, HP, Motorola, Palm and imate products. Windows Mobile powered devices are available on GSM or CDMA networks. Palm OS : Since the introduction of the first Palm Pilot in 1996, the Palm OS platform has provided mobile devices with essential business tools, as well as capability to access the Internet or a central corporate database via a wireless connection. (2) Step wise instructions for mobile application black box testing? Mobile Application: Black Box Testing o To do mobile application testing, we have to do the following. 1. System Study 2. Prepare Test Plan 3. Prepare Test Scenarios 4. Design Test Cases 5. Set up Test Enviroment 6. Execute Test Cases 7. Preparation of Defect Report and Test Report The critical factor that determine the success of a mobile testing program are : 1. Use of test automation 2. Use of emulator and actual device Testing for Mobile environment and application complexity. o Guidelines for testing Mobile applications Understand the network landscape and device landscape before testing to identify 1 bottleneck. Conducting testing in uncontrolled realworld test conditions (fieldbased testing) is especially for a multitier mobile applications. Select the right automation test tool for the success of the testing program. Rules of thumb for an ideal tool are: The tool should support all desired platforms.
- 6. The tool should support testing for various screen types, resolutions, and input mechanisms — such as touchpad and keypad. The tool should be connected to the external system to carry out endto end testing. Use the Weighted Device Platform Matrix method to identify the most critical hardware/ platform combination to test.This method will be very useful especially when hardware/ platform combinations are high and time to test is low. Check the endtoend functional flow in all possible platforms at least once. Conduct performance testing, GUI testing, and compatibility testing using actual devices. Even though these tests are done using emulators, testing with actual devices is recommended. Measure performance only in realistic conditions of wireless traffic and user load. Five Basic Apporach : 1. Unit testing in the IDE 2. Human testers using actual devices(manual) 3. Externally driven test automation via connection to a PC. 4. Testing against simulators or emulators(Manual or Automation). 5. Back end testing via internet(Manual or Automation). (3) Define the process of testing a mobile application. (A) Handheld (B) Emulator/simulated env. Process of Testing a Mobile Application (A) Handheld A mobile device (also known as cellphone device, handheld device, handheld computer, “Palmtop” or simply handheld) is a pocketsized computing device, typically having a display screen with touch input or a minature keyboard. In the case of the Personal Digital Assistant(PDA) the input and output are combined into a touchscreen interface and are used to achieve a variety of tasks for increasing efficiency that include digitizing notes, sending and receiving invoices, asset management, recording signatures, and scanning barcodes. Testing handheld device include testing of the appearance, battery backup, charger functionality, gprs, calculator, calender, date and time, alarm, sound clarity, voice clarity, making incoming and outgoing calls etc.. Testing of Handheld devices differ according to the application. To test the mobile handset, first know all the applications configured with the mobile and then test it one by one. Generally performs Downlaod testing(OTA,BT,IR), Sanity testing, Performance testing, functionality testing, Network testing, compatibility tesing, Regression testing, Interruption testing(SMS,MMS,Charger insertion etc.). One should test the behaviour of the application for SMS, incoming calls, power on/off, battery removal and Alarm reminders. Then network connection wifi/wireless should also be checked. Mobile handset are tested by launching different applications. Feature interaction cases are done inorder to ensure the stability of the application. User interface is tested by invoking different menu option in some of the application, there by GUI is tested. Performance is tested under low battery condition. (B) Emulator/Simulator Environment
- 7. There are two types of mobile applications. One is preinstalled and another one is downloadable. To test a preinstalled application, study the application very well and prepare a test plan. Write test cases for different scenarios Downlaod and install the emulator/simulator and set up the environment. Prepare test data and execute the test cases using the emulator or simulator. User performs the actions by using the keyboard or mouse. If any defect found, understand the cause of defect. If that defect is not arised from the application(eg: environment set up problem, then fix the defect. Otherwise, send a defect report to the corresponding engineer. The simulation environment allows to build and run the application on computer. The use of simulation environment includes : o Find and fix major problems in the application during design and early testing. o Layout and test the application’s user interface. Measure the application’s memory usage before carrying out detailed performance analysis The application provides several ways of interacting with it using the keyboard and mouse to simulate the actions that performs. The process of Setting up Windows Mobile 6 for Mobile Browser Emulation using the Microsoft Device Emulator This enables a user to experience Windows Mobile 6 on a PC via Emulation without even owning a Windows Mobile 6 product. It require 32 bit system running Windows XP. Download and Install Microsoft ActiveSync (Download) Download and Install the Microsoft Device Emulator 3(Download) Download and Install the Windows mobile 6 professional image.(Download) ReRun the Windows Mobile 6 Professional Images installer (Windows Mobile 6 Professional Images (USA).msi) and select the option to Repair: Windows Mobile 6 Repair Receive an error message regarding Visual Studio 5 not being installed. Simply click OK to continue: Next, click Start > Programs > Windows Mobile 6 SDK > Stand Alone Emulator Images > USB English > Professional It should display an Emulated Windows Mobile 6 Pocket PC on the screen. Once it has booted up, proceed to the next step: Windows Mobile 6 Pro Emulated Next, click Start > Programs > Windows Mobile 6 SDK > Tools > Device Emulator Manager and once the menu appears, click refresh:
- 8. The Device Emulator Manager should now display the running Emulated Windows Mobile 6 under Others. Right Click the Entry and select Cradle: Device Emulator Manager Cradle a Device Next, right click the ActiveSync icon from the taskbar and select Connection Settings Check the Allow connections to one of the following box, then select DMA from the dropdown list and click OK ActiveSync Connection ActiveSync Will Now attempt to connect to the virtual device that is Emulating Windows Mobile 6. Once the connection has been established user is able to Sync many items from the Host PC to the Virtual PC. In addition, the Host PC's network connection becomes bridged, allowing the user to browse the Internet using the Emulated PC's Browser (4) What is an emulator or simulator, how does it work, which are the companies provide the emulated environment solution, how a mobile aplication is installed, what all environment it used to develop the mobile application? Emulator : Emulators are pieces of software that allow an application written for one platform or operating system to be executed on another platform or operating system. For example, Unix emulators running on a windows platform to enable the execution of unixbased programs in a windows based environment. In emulator testing, it tests actual production code. It typically reveal many of the same defects as testing on the actual device. It frequently enable test automation, increase test coverage and enable scenario based testing. Simulator : Simulators generallly allows users to experience what a thing will look and feel like but which doesn't use the same code base. For example, a PCbased flight simulators. Simulator testing enable testing prior to devices being ready. It is very good for early testing of user experience or paradigm testing. It provides all of the benefits of software prototyping, including generation of test ideas. Simnulator Vs Emulator (Simulations Vs Emulation) : Simulation is the imitation of another environment. For example, a flight simulator imitates the environment of flying an airplane in a little room. The true environment of flying is experienced in another environment that lacks some aspects like the possibility to die from a plane crash. So, simulation usually involves an environment and a person. Well, if not a person, another object. For example, a savanna simulator may include a lion to see how the lion will react to a certain condition. Emulation is the imitation of an object as another object. For example, a PlayStation emulator makes PlayStation game CDs recognize a PC as the machine where it is intended to run.
- 9. How does an Emulator work : Mobile emulators fall into three main categories: Device emulators These are generally provided by device manufacturers and simulate the actual device. Device emulators are excellent for testing the site or application on a particular device or set of devices. Browser emulators These simulate mobile browser environments. Whilst useful for determining the functionality available in a particular mobile browser, are useless for devicespecific testing. Operating System Emulators Microsoft provides emulators for Windows Mobile, and Google provides an emulator for Android. These run within a simulated mobile device environment and provide access to applications running within the operating system, e.g. a Web browser. o Emulators are generally found in one of three places: o On a manufacturer’s development portal o Bundled as part of an SDK o As part of a Web site Installation of a Mobile application 1. Download and Install Mobile emulator 2. Download and Install Active Sync 3. Open Active Sync 4. Select Connection Settings 5. Check “Allow Connections to one of the following” box and select DMA from the dropdown list and select OK. Open Device Manager from Cellular Emualtor and cradle the device as explained above. 6. Download the desired appliaction from internet and place on the system desktop.
- 10. 7. From active sync, select the folder and click on Explore button, which opens the detailed window where user pastes the desired files/applications from the system desktop. The emulator grouped into the following catogories. o Webbased emulator o Installable emulator o Symbian based emulator o Emulator that is only used to test the applications o Webbased emulator : Webbased emulators are easy and quick to access – no installation, no fuss. Just enter the correct URL and start testing. Apple(iPhone Emulator) : Requirement : o A computer running a version of OS X (i.e. an Apple Mac) o The iPhoneSDK A full iPhone emulator is included as part of the iPhone SDK. To obtain this, register with Apple as a developer. This isn’t much good to those of us running Windows. Fortunately, there’s a FREE iPhone simulator available on the Web. It is found at testiphone.com. This provides a nice, quick way of testing the Web sites on a simulated iPhone. Just type in the URL of the site user want to test and hit ENTER (I’ve visited verymobile.mobi): Opera Mini Opera Mini is probably the most popular userinstallable browser. Opera offers an online simulator that allows user to run Web sites immediately(http://www.opera.com/mobile/demo/ ). After a brief delay, the site will load:
- 11. Sim ulator tips Use mouse or keyboard to control the simulator (F1, F2 function keys, arrow keys and Enter to navigate). o Drag the scrollbar or the screen to scroll the page. Installable Emulators Many device manufacturers offer free emulators. More developers = more applications = more users = more revenue. Details about how to obtain, install, and use some of the more popular emulators are below. Research in Motion Emulators(RIM) The RIM emulators are available from the RIM Developer Zone(http://na.blackberry.com/eng/developers/ ). It requires to sign up for an account. (a) Downloading : Once signed up, click on the “Web Development Tools & Downloads” link. Click on the link in the page shown then a page will be displayed, listing lots of different simulators. Simulators are grouped by the BlackBerry version number. Download at least two files: o BlackBerry Email and MDS Services Simulator Package This program simulates the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. User will not be able to connect the simulator to the Internet without it. Any BlackBerry Device Simulator Click on a device simulator item in the dropdown list and download the required BlackBerry Device Simulator. o The first item in the list is “BlackBerry Email and MDS Services Simulator Package”. Select this and click Next. A list of files will appear, offering different versions of the simulator. It’s generally OK to pick the latest version – if user find a simulator doesn’t work after downloading, download the matching MDS simulator package. Click on the Download link and this will be asked to enter user's personal details. Once user details are entered, click Next. User
- 12. will now be asked to agree to the terms and conditions. Click Agree, then Next. A further set of terms and conditions are displayed. Click I Agree and Next to proceed. Click the Download button and the file will begin downloading. Repeat the process to download a device simulator package. Choose a BlackBerry Device Simulator from the dropdown list, and the site will display the device simulators available within that package. Once the files are downloaded, then install. (b) Installing and Running : For example : Downloaded files are o BlackBerry_Email_MDS_4.1.2.17.exe o BlackBerry_Simulators_4.7.0.122_9500_Europe.exe o Install the MDS first. It’s a typical wizard based installation. A couple of clicks of the Next button. Once that’s installed, do the same for the device simulator package user downloaded. Again, just keep clicking Next until the install is complete. Open up Start Menu and browse. It should display Research In Motion program group. To run a BlackBerry simulator, user need to start the MDS, then the simulator. The MDS subfolder has three programs located within it. Click it and it will run in a command window. Make sure that the user unblock the program if users firewall complains about it. Once started, minimise or ignore the command window. Now start up the device simulator from the Smartphone Simulators subfolder in the Start Menu. The simulator will appear: Blackberry device simulator Now open up the Web browser on the device and browse to a mobile site of user choice. One nice touch here is that user either type using keyboard, or simulate typing using the simulator’s onscreen keyboard. After a couple of seconds, the mobile site will load. Once user have finished with the simulator, close it as any normal Windows program. Just remember user also need to close the command prompt the MDS is running within. Other great features of the BlackBerry simulators: o Easy loading of Java programs via the File menu (for J2ME testing) o Ability to map mouse buttons o Take snapshots of the device or just the LCD o Ability to go fullscreen for presentation purposes Simulate events, such as incoming voice call (useful for applications that may be interrupted)
- 13. Windows Mobile Emulator Windows Mobile Emulator Screenshot Installation To install the Windows Mobile Emulator, first user need to download and install the following components: Virtual PC (for network capability) Emulator with Emulator images Network Configuration After installing the two items above, user finds the Emulator Images under Programs > Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0 Images, which gives user a list of images for different types of devices, e.g. Pocket PC. When selecting one of these images, it fires up the Emulator and loads the respective device image. But before user uses it to test own site, user need to configure the Network Settings to ensure proper connection to the Internet through computer. For this, user need to do the following after the device has been booted up the OS: 1. Chose File > Configure > Network in the Emulator Application window 2. Check “enable NE2000 PCMCIA network adapter and bind to” (if user are using the Pocket PC image, it might be different for the other images) 3. Select computer’s network connection card from the list (e.g. Intel PRO) and hit OK 4. On the (emulated) device itself, locate the “network card” settings dialog (on Pocket PC: Settings > Network Card) 5. Here, select “connect to: The Internet” 6. select “NE2000 compatible Ethernet driver” Now user should have a connection to the Internet from the emulated device and use Internet Explorer on the device to test how site would look like on e.g. a Pocket PC. Nokia simulators Nokia Mobile Browser Simulator 4 Screenshot Before downloading the Browser Simulator, user need to be registered with the Forum Nokia and request a serial number (in the sidebar, where it says “Request serial number for:) for the Browser Simulator.
- 14. The downloaded package is pretty small and after unzipping it, user simply run the executable to install it. During installation, it will ask user for Forum Nokia username and the serial number. After the installation, user finds the simulator under Programs > Nokia. Which are the companies provide the emulated environment solution : The following companies offer emulators for some or all of mobile devices (note the lists below are not exhaustive): o Research in Motion (BlackBerry) o Apple (iPhone) o Samsung o Palm o LG o Motorola Operating system emulators are available from: o Microsoft (Windows Mobile) o Google (Android) o Nokia (Series 40 and Series 60) Some available browser emulators are: o Opera Mini o Openwave The following emulators are very useful for testing mobile applications without incurring data charges. o dotMobi Online Emulator mTLD has an online emulator that user uses to quickly see what site will look like on a common phone o Nokia Browser Simulator this simulator simulates a generic Nokia phone and WAP gateway o Opera Mini Simulator simulates Opera's popular J2ME browser o BlackBerry Simulator multiple different BlackBerry simulators o Yospace SmartPhone Emulator a versatile emulator that display multiple phone instances at the same time o iPhone Simulator bundled as part of the iPhone SDK. User need to purchase a Mac to run the SDK o Android Emulator the Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator. The Android emulator mimics all of the typical hardware and software features of a typical mobile device, except that it is not receiving or placing actual phone calls o Palm Pre Emulator the Mojo SDK from Palm include a Palm Pre Emulator. User download the SDK for free (requires email registration)
- 15. o Brew Emulator the BREW SDK includes a mobile device emulator. It does not however emulate a handset's hardware. The BREW application is instead compiled to native code and linked with a x86compatible BREW runtime library. o Mobile Application Development Environment : To set up a Test Environment require : Hardware Operating Systems Software that need to be tested Other required software like tools(And people who use it) Data configuration Interfaces to other systems and communications Documentation like user manuals/reference documents/documents guides/installation guides. Mobile application development is the process by which applications are developed for handheld devices such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or mobile phones. These applications are either preinstalled on phones during manufacture, or downloaded by customers from app stores and other mobile software distribution platforms. Development Platform choice : Platform which support devices from multiple manufacturers : Java ME: This platform generally produces portable applications, although sometimes devicespecific libraries exist (commonly used for games), making them nonportable. It is often used to provide simple applications on feature phones. Symbian Platform : Designed from the start for mobile devices, the Symbian platform is a real time, multitasking OS specifically architected to run well on resourceconstrained systems, maximising performance and battery life whilst minimising memory usage. The Symbian Foundation maintains the code for the open source software platform based on Symbian OS and software assets contributed by Nokia, NTT DOCOMO, and Sony Ericsson, including the S60 and MOAP(S) user interfaces. Android : Android is a Linuxbased platform from the Open Handset Alliance, whose 34 members include Google, HTC, Motorola, Qualcomm, and TMobile. It is supported by over 34 major software, hardware and telecoms companies. The Linux kernel is used as a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). Application programming is exclusively done in Java. The Android specific Java SDK is required for development although any Java JDE may be used. .NET compact framework : Used primarily for applications on Pocket PC/Windows Mobile devices, although it is now being extended to Android devices.
- 16. BREW: Used for deploying applications on CDMA devices (but also supports GPRS/GSM models). Distributed via a Brew Content Platform.BREW provides complete control of the handset and access to all its functionality. However the power provided by native code with direct access to the handset APIs, has caused the BREW development process to be tailored largely towards recognized software vendors. While the BREW SDK (Software Development Kit) is freely available, running software on real mobile hardware (as opposed to the provided emulator) requires a digital signature which only be generated with tools issued by a handful of parties, namely mobile content providers and Qualcomm themselves. Platform for a single manufacturer's devices BlackBerry :Supports push email, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services as well as a multitouch interface. It has a builtin QWERTY keyboard, optimized for "thumbing", the use of only the thumbs to type. The BlackBerry devices soon took a dominating position on the northAmerican smartphone market. Also important for BlackBerry are the BES (Black Berry Enterprise Server) and the Mobile Data System (BlackBerry MDS). iPone OS : The iPhone and iPod Touch SDK uses Objective C, based on the C programming language. Currently, is only available on Mac OS X 10.5 and is the only way to write an iPhone application. All applications must be cleared by Apple before being hosted on the AppStore, the sole distribution channel for iPhone and iPod touch applications. However, nonApple approved applications are released to jailbroken iPhones via Cydia or Installer. o Execution environments : Windows Mobile, Palm OS, Symbian OS and iPhone OS support typical application binaries as found on personal computers with code which executes in the native machine format of the processor (the ARM architecture is used on many current models). Windows Mobile also supports the Portable Executable(PE) format associated with the .NET Framework. Both Windows Mobile, Palm OS and iPhone OS offer free SDKs and Integrated Developement Environments to developers. Machine language executables offer considerable performance advantages over Java. (5) What is the generic protocol a emulator based application follow, is the performance of a emulator based application should be tested? if yes, how? (a) The following are the generic protocols used for mobile technologies and in mobile devices. 3G GSM PHS 4G HCSD TACS CDMA HSDPA TDMA CDMA2000 iDEN TDSCDMA
- 17. EVDO Mobitex UMTS FDMA NMT WCDMA GAN PCS WiDEN GPRS PDC WiMAX 3G 3G refers to the third generation of developments in wireless technology, especially mobile communications. While 3G is generally considered applicable mainly to mobile wireless, it is also relevant to fixed wireless and portable wireless. A 3G system should be operational from any location on, or over, the earth's surface, including use in homes, businesses, government offices, medical establishments, the military, personal and commercial land vehicles, private and commercial watercraft and marine craft, private and commercial aircraft (except where passenger use restrictions apply), portable (pedestrians, hikers, cyclists, campers), and space stations and spacecraft. 4G 4G is the short term for fourthgeneration wireless, the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supercede the third generation(3G). While neither standard bodies nor carriers have concretely defined or agreed upon what exactly 4G will be, it is expected that endtoend IP and highquality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features. Fourth generation networks are likely to use a combination of WiMAX and WiFi. CDMA CodeDivision Multiple Access is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. CDMA employs analogtodigital conversion (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology. The technology is used in ultrahighfrequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800 MHz and 1.9 GHz bands. IS95 uses CDMA. CDMA2000 CDMA 2000 is a CDMA version of the IMT2000 standard developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). CDMA2000 supports mobile data communications at speeds ranging from 144 Kbps to 2 Mbps. EVDO Evolution data maximized (CMDA2000 1x EVDO) is based on CDMA2000. EVDO supports mobile data communications at speeds ranging from 400 Kbps to 2 Mbps. FDMA Frequency division multiple access is the division of the frequency band allocated for wireless cellular telephone communication into 30 channels, each of which carry a voice conversation or, with digital service, carry digital data. FDMA is a basic technology in the analog advanced mobile phone service (AMPS), the most widelyinstalled cellular phone system installed in North America. With FDMA, each channel is be assigned to only one user at a time.
- 21. Fortunately, the latest version of the device emulator makes it easy to connect to the Internet via the following ways: 1. ActiveSync 2. GPRS ActiveSync The first way to get connectivity in the emulator is to cradle the emulator to ActiveSync and use ActiveSync to connect to the Internet. First, user need to prepare ActiveSync. In ActiveSync, go to File—>Connection Settings…. Check the Allow connections to one of the following checkbox and select the DMA option. Click OK. To cradle an emulator to ActiveSync, rightclick on the emulator in the Device Emulator Manager and select Cradle. When the emulator is successfully cradled to ActiveSync, its icon will change accordinglyand so will the icon on the Home screen. The emulator will now connect to ActiveSync and user will be brought through a series of steps to synchronize the emulator with ActiveSync. If user sole intention is to allow the emulator to access the network, click Cancel. Clicking the emulator's icon will display that ActiveSync is connected. Click the Icon: This verifies that ActiveSync is connected. GPRS The second way to connect is to emulate a GPRS connection on the emulator. In order to use this option, user need to use the Cellular Emulator (the next section shows how user uses the Cellular Emulator with Windows Mobile emulator). Once the Cellular Emulator is up and running, click the Start—>Settings options within the Windows Mobile emulator. Select the Connections tab and click the Connections icon. User see the Connections screen. Click the Add a new modem connection link (under the My ISP) section. In the next screen, give a name to the connection and select Cellular Line (GPRS). Click Next and leave the Access point name blank. In the next screen, leave out the User name, Password, and Domain and click Finish. Now, user tests to see if the connection works. Launch
- 24. For a Windows Mobile Standard device, the signal will look like figure below. Signal Status: This shows the signal indicator on a Windows Mobile Standard emulator. Configuring Data Connections One of the uses of the Cellular Emulator is to emulate 2G and 3G network connections for Windows Mobile emulator. Doing so will provide applications with Internet access without needing to use the ActiveSync or network card mapping technique. Configuring data connections using GPRS (via the Cellular Emulator) is straightforward for a Windows Mobile Professional emulator. Follow these steps to set up an Internet connection using the Cellular Emulator: o Go to Start—>Settings. o Select the Connections tab. o Select Connections. o Under the My ISP item, select "Add a new modem connection." o Enter a name for the connection and select Cellular Line (GPRS). Click Next. o For access point name and login credential information, leave them empty. Using Internet Explorer, user determines whether the connection is successful. Figure below shows that, if the connection is successful, user see the G icon shown at the top of the Windows Mobile emulator. On the Cellular Emulator's end, user see the number of bytes transferred across the data channels, as well as the indicator showing that GPRS is connected. The GPRS Connection: Configuring a GPRS connection for the Windows Mobile Professional emulator.
- 25. Success! Connecting successfully to the Cellular Emulator. To emulate a faster network connection, click on the Switch to 3G button on the Cellular Emulator. User see the 3G icon on the Windows Mobile emulator. If user cannot connect to the Internet, or cannot see the G symbol, go to the Settings—>Advanced tab and click on the Select Networks button. Ensure that user have the configuration shown in Figure below. 3G: The screen emulates a 3G connection. Correct Configuration: Be sure to set the profile correctly. For Windows Mobile Standard devices, the process is a little more involved: o Go to Start—>Settings. o Select Connections. o Select GPRS. o Select New…. o In the "Description:" field, give the new connection a name, say PPP. o In the "Connects to:" dropdown list, select Internet. o In the “Access point:” name, enter some text. Click Done. o Back in the Connections screen, select Menu—>Advanced. o In the "Internet connection:" dropdown list, select PPP. Click Done.
- 26. User tries to make a connection to the Internet to see if the setup works. Making Phone Calls o User make a phone call from the Cellular Emulator and the Windows Mobile emulator will receive an incoming call. Likewise, the Windows Mobile emulator also make an outgoing call and the call will be displayed in the Cellular Emulator. The Cellular Emulator also shows a list of numbers (7272024, 7272020, etc) that user uses to simulate different phone conditions (such as busy line, call reject, and so on). Incoming Phone Calls: User making phone calls to the Windows Mobile emulator. Incoming Phone Calls: User making phone calls to the Cellular Emulator. Sending and Receiving SMS Messages
- 28. able to work around this by first uninstalling the Windows Mobile 6 SDK, disabling the Bluetooth services, and then installing the Windows Mobile 6 SDK again. If Windows Mobile emulator is not receiving SMS messages/phone calls made from the Cellular Emulator, the first place to check is the COM port settings in the Emulator Properties page. If user shut down the Windows Mobile emulator and do not save its current state, restarting it will cause it to lose the COM port number user have set previously. Hence, in general, it is always a good idea to save an emulator's state when exiting it. (7) What are the generic defects in emulator, can a emulator always represent the actual handheld? The limitations of the emulator include: o No support for placing or receiving actual phone calls. User simulate phone calls (placed and received) through the emulator console, however. o No support for USB connections o No support for camera/video capture (input). o No support for deviceattached headphones o No support for determining connected state o No support for determining battery charge level and AC charging state o No support for determining SD card insert/eject o No support for Bluetooth Problems with Emulators Emulators are great, but user should not assume that just because user site works perfectly on an emulator, it will function in the same way on the real device. Emulators often differ in subtle ways from the devices it simulate; this is especially the case if the developer of the emulator is not the original creator of the device. Use emulators to cover a wide breadth of devices that user wouldn’t have access to, and fix any bugs user find; but make sure that user test the site on some real devices too, just to be sure. As reasons specified above and limitations given for an emulator are enough to say that No ,emulator cannot always represent the actual handheld device. (8) Test strategy, Test case genaration process, and Test data generation process for mobile application. Test Strategy
- 35. A test case in software engineering is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether an application or software system is working correctly or not. Written test cases are usually collected into test suites. In order to fully test that all the requirements of an application are met, there must be at least two test cases for each requirement : one positive test and one negative test; unless a requirement has subrequirements. Written test cases should include a description of the functionality to be tested, and the preparation required to ensure that the test is conducted. A test case is usually a single step, or occasionally a sequence of steps, to test the correct behaviour/functionalities, features of an application. An expected result or expected outcome is usually given. Additional information that may be included: o Test case ID o Requirement number o Test case definition (Summary) o Test case Description (Detailed steps) o Test data o Expected Result Additional fields that may be included and completed when the tests are executed: o pass/fail o remarks A written test case should also contain a place for the actual result. Sample test cases Example 1: Making a Call To make a call, either search from existing contact list or just enter numbernow. Step1:User enters the number by pressing the numeric keys of handset. Expected result:Number gets displayed simultaneously as the user presses the button. Step2:User then clicks the call green button. Expected result:Connecting symbol should appear on the screen with simultaneous audio signal and shows connected symbol once connected In this way the flow of steps is continued depending on the scenarios defined. Example 2: Adding contact to mobile Step1:User presses the menu option or shortkey defined. Expected result:User is taken to menu options Step2:User selects the address book.
- 37. application for performance. Sometimes creating data manually will not detect some subtle bugs that may only be caught by actual data created by application under test. This way creating separate data sets for each test condition will ensure complete test coverage. For choosing the test data, we use the following test design techniques. o Equivalence Class partitioning o Boundary Value analysis Equivalence Class partitioning Test case design by equivalence class partitioning proceeds in two steps: 1. Identifying the equivalence classes 2. Defining the test cases The equivalence classes are identified by taking each input condition (usually a sentence or phrase in the specification) and partitioning it into two or more groups (i.e., two types of equivalence classes). Valid equivalence classes represent valid inputs to the program, and invalid equivalence classes represent all other possible states of the condition (i.e. erroneous input values). Boundary Value analysis Boundary value analysis is a software testing design technique in which tests are designed to include representatives of boundary values. Values on the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest value on either side of an edge. The values could be either input or output ranges of a software component. Since these boundaries are common locations for errors that result in software faults are frequently exercised in test cases. For example, if the input in the text field should take 6 characters(1 to 6), then the user should select the test data as 0,1,5,6,2,7. (9) Test execution and defects in mobile testing. Test execution Test execution is the process of running a test by the component or system under test, producing actual result(s). Test Execution is the activity which occurs between developing test scripts and reporting and analyzing test results. In mobile testing, the execution is done by using emulator/simulator and the handheld device. It is done manually or by using automation tool. Approach for Test Execution o Verify entry criteria o Conduct test o Compare actual results to expected results
- 38. o Investigate and resolve descripancies o Conduct Regression Test o Verify exit criteria o Obtain Signoff If the Actual result and Expected result mismatches, then it will result in a defect. Once the tester gets the defect,tester needs to findout the cause of that defect. If that defect is related to some environment, then the tester needs to fix it. Otherwise, the defect is send to the developer as a defect report. (10) Common defect/s in mobile aplication testing? Challenges in Mobile Testing : o Diversity in Device Environment. o Handset Model o Different Runtimes o Hardware configurations and network realted problems. Limitation in processing speed and memory size of mobile devices. Network latency Gateways Compatibility testing with WAP and HTTP. Types of defects in Mobile : 1. Low Memory. 2. Battery not charging. 3. Calendar Issues. 4. Format a Memory/Media Card. 5. Clearing cache / cookies. 6. Not able to bookmark the webpages.
- 39. 7. Navigation issues. 8. Hanging/Crash of mobile OS. 9. Lose of data from mobile memory. 10. Radiation problems. 11.Address book on device not synchronizing with outlook address book. (11) Post Test Data and Test Reporting? Test Report is a document that records data obtained from an experiment of evaluation in an organized manner, describes the environmental or operationg conditions, and shows the comparison of test results with test objectives. Test reporting includes Meeting release criteria Test Summary capturing Use report format and provide summary of final outcome Test areas/subareas Types of testing carrying out No of test cases developed No of test cycle Test cases executed and status No of defects discovered/cycle No of defects/module Effort/test case Effort/defect finding Effort/module Outstanding defects Impact analysis of pending issues Post Test data helps in Product Maturity and Process Maturity. By using this test data, user avoids the same type of defects occurring next time. Post Test Analysis includes : Defect density to check which module is less/more robust Pending issue analysis to predict reliability / expecting production defects Effort distribution Functional Coverage Most effective testing cycle Most regressed module