3d optical data storage ppt

3D OPTICAL DATA
STORAGE.
DONE BY :- MUHAMMED
OWAIZ.
‘X’ STD

.C0NTENTS.
 INTRODUCTION.
 OVERVIEW.
 MEDIA DESIGN.
 MEDIA FORM FACTOR.
 MEDIA MANUFACTURING.
 COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
 BASIC COMPONENT.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
 CONCLUSION.

.INTRODUCTION.
 3D optical data storage is the term given to any form of
optical data storage in which information can be recorded
and/or read with three dimensional resolution ( as opposed to
the two dimensional resolution afforded, for example :- CD.
 This innovation has the potential to provide byte-level mass
storage on DVD-sized disks. Data recording and read back are
achieved by focusing lasers within the medium.
 No commercial product based on 3D optical data storage has
yet arrived on the mass market, although several companies
are actively developing the technology and claim that it may
become available soon.

.OVERVIEW.
 Current optical media, such data
storage as the CD and DVD store
data as a series of reflective marks
on an internal surface of a disc.
 In order to increase storage
capacity, it is possible for discs to
hold two or even more of these
data layers, but their number is
severely limited since the
addressing laser interacts with
every layer that it passes through
on the way to and from the
addressed layer.
 As an example, a prototypical 3D
optical data storage system may
use a disc that looks much like a
transparent DVD. The disc contains
many layers of information, each at
a different depth in the media and
each consisting of a DVD-like spiral
track.

.MEDIA DESIGN.
 The active part of 3D
optical storage media is
usually an organic
polymer either doped
or grafted with the photo
chemically active species.
 Alternatively, crystalline
and sol-gel materials
have been used.

.MEDIA FORM FACTOR.
 Media for 3D optical data storage have been suggested in
several form factors: disk, card and crystal.
 DISC:- A disc media offers a progression from CD/DVD,
and allows reading and writing to be carried out by the
familiar spinning disc method.
 CARD:- A credit card form factor media is attractive from
the point of view of portability and convenience, but
would be of a lower capacity than a disc.
 CRYSTAL,CUBE AND SPHERE:-Several science
fiction writers have suggested small solids that store
massive amounts of information, and at least in principle
this could be achieved with 5D optical data storage.

.MEDIA MANUFACTURING.
 The simplest method of manufacturing – the molding of a disk
in one piece – is a possibility for some systems.
 A more complex method of media manufacturing is for the
media to be constructed layer by layer.
 This is required if the data is to be physically created during
manufacture. However, layer-by-layer construction need not
mean the sandwiching of many layers together.

.DRIVE DESIGN.
 A drive designed to read and write to 3D optical data storage
media may have a lot in common with CD/DVD drives,
particularly if the form factor and data structure of the media
is similar to that of CD or DVD. However, there are a number
of notable differences that must be taken into account when
designing such a drive.
 LASER.
 VARIABLE SPHERICALABERRATION CORRECTION.
 OPTICAL SYSTEM.
 DETECTION.
 DATA TRACKING.

.COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
 In addition to the academic
research, several companies
have been set up to
commercialize 3D optical data
storage and some large
corporations have also shown
an interest in the technology.
 However, it is not yet clear
whether the technology will
succeed in the market in the
presence of competition from
other quarters such as hard
drives, flash storage, and
holographic storage.
 Examples of 3D optical data
storage media.
 Top row – written call/recall
media; Mempile media.
 Middle row – FMD; D-Data
DMD and drive.
 Bottom row- landauer media ;
Microholeas media in action

.BASIC COMPONENTS.
 Optical data storage system requires certain
important materials for its data storage and retrieval
processes. The important components required for
the optical data storage are:-
 Laser
 Lens and Mirrors
 Spatial Light Modulators(SLM)
 Photosensitive materials
 Charge Coupled Devices(CCD)
 Phase masks for encryption

.LASER.
 Laser is a device for the generation of coherent, nearly
monochromatic and highly directional electromagnetic
radiation emitted, somewhere in the range from sub-
millimeter through ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths.
 More than two hundred types of lasers have been fabricated
which range in power , size , performance, use and cost.

.LENS AND MIRROR.
 Mirrors are used to reflect laser beams to the desired direction.
Lenses are usually used to converge the laser to a point.
 A special type lens is used in the case of optical recording called the
Fourier lens.
 The lens has the property of obtaining the Fourier transform and
the inverse transform system is described below:
Lens as a Fourier transform system.

.SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATER.
 SLM is an optical device that is used to convert the
real image or data into a single beam of light that will
intersect with the reference beam during recording.
 It basically consists of an array of pixels which are
usually microscopic shutters or LCD displays . These
can be controlled by a computer. The computers
sends binary data to the SLM.

.PHOTO SENSITIVE MATERIALS.
 PHOTOREFRACTIVE CRYSTALS.
 PHOTOPOLYMERS.

. PHOTO REFLECTIVE CRYSTALS.
 There are two main types of materials used for the
holographic storage medium.
 These are photo refractive crystals and photo polymers.
 The recording medium usually used is a photo refractive
crystals such as LiNbO3 or BaTiO3 that has certain optical
characteristics.
 These characteristics include high diffraction efficiency,
high resolution, permanent storage until erasure, and
fast erasure on the application of external stimulus such
as UV light.
 Photo refractive crystals are suitable for random access
memory with periodic refreshing of data, and can be
erased and written to many times.

.PHOTO POLYMER.
 Photopolymers have been developed that can also be
used as a holographic storage medium.
 Typically the thickness of the photopolymers is much less
then the thickness of photo reflective crystals because
the photopolymers are limited by mechanical stability
and optical quality.
 Example :-
A photopolymer is a 100m thickness, which is greater than
DVD-ROM by a factor of two.
Stored holograms are permanent and degrade over time or
by read out of the hologram, so photopolymers are suited
for read only memory(ROM).

.CHARGE COUPLED
DEVICES(CCD).
 The charge-coupled device is, by far the most common mechanism for
converting optical images into electrical signals.
 CCD’s are silicon devices, which contain an array of potential wells created
through a series of column, implants( for vertical confinement).
 Each pixel is typically 15-30µm square. Current CCD’s have formats or
resolution better than 2048*2048 pixels, with a size of about 25mm
square.

.PHASE MASK FOR ENCRYPTION.
 There is a wide spread interest in the development of
encryption systems, which operate in the optical domain.
 The advantages inherent in the optical approach to
encryption ,Such as a high space-bandwidth product, the
difficulty of accessing, coping or falsification and the
possibility of Including biometrics are widely recognized.
 In an encryption system, we wish to encode information
in such a fashion that even if it is viewed or copied only
the application of the correct key will reveal the original
information.

.ADVANTAGES.
 Durability:- with proper care, optical media can last a long
time, depending of what kind of optical media you choose.
 Great for archiving:-several forms of optical media are written
once read many, which means that when data is written to
them, they cannot be reused. This is of excellent for archiving
because data is preserved permanently with no possibility of
being overwritten.
 Transportability:-optical media are widely used in other
platforms, including the PC. For ex:-data written to them on a
DVD-RAM can be read on a PC or any other system with an
optical device and the same file system.
 Random access:- optical media provide the capability to
pinpoint a particular piece of data stored on it, independent
of the other data on the volume or the order in which that
data was stored on the volume .

.DISADVANTAGES.
 Reusable:- the write-once read-many(WORM)
characteristic of some optical media makes it
excellent for archiving, but it also prevents you from
being able to use that media again.
 Writing time:- the server uses software compression
to write compressed data to your optical media. This
process takes considerable processing unit resources
and may increase the time needed to write and
restore that data.

.CONCLUSION.
 this presentation shows that a light field in such a structure
can be localized in a sub wavelength-size area, suggesting a
new way of arranging three-dimensional optical-memory
devices.
 And this presentation was really fun cuz I had to make a
presentation on exactly the way I’m presenting it in the form
CD an optical storage device.

3d optical data storage ppt

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3d optical data storage ppt