4. Endosperm development_3.pptx with basic terminalogies
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Endosperm development occurs prior to embryo development and varies by species, with notable differences in beans, cotton, and cereals. There are three types of endosperm formation: nuclear, cellular, and helobial, each characterized by distinct developmental processes. In dicots, endosperm development is often temporary, suggesting evolutionary perspectives linking it to primitive embryos or megagametophytes.
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4. Endosperm development_3.pptx with basic terminalogies
- 1. Endosperm development • Endosperm development generally precedes embryo development • The fate of endosperm depends upon the species • Beans, cotton or Brassicas • Castor bean, tomato, carrot • Cereal grains
- 2. Morphological variation of endosperms T obacco Endosperm Embryo Most dicots: large cotyledons, small endosperms. Carrot seed
- 3. Types of endosperm formation • Nuclear/non-cellular type: Free nuclear division gives rise to many nuclei and walls may or not form e.g., most of monocots and some dicots • Cellular type: Cell walls form immediately after the first nuclear division and continue to do so as the endosperm grows e.g., most of dicots and some monocots • Helobial type: regarded as intermediate restricted to few monocots
- 5. Developmental domains 1. Transfer cells 2. Embryo surrounding regions (ESR) 3. Aleurone layer cells 4. Starchy endosperm cells Maize Barley
- 7. Endosperm development •Begin with the fertilized polar nuclei •Triploid Micropyle Antipodal cells Polar nuclei Synergids Double fertilization Egg Mature ovule Pollen tube
- 8. The cereal endosperm coenocyte
- 9. Cellularization of the Endosperm Coenocyte
- 10. Endosperm development in dicots • Endosperm development in dicots is ephemeral in many species • Two views about evolution of endosperm • Endosperm is derived from a primitive embryo • Endosperm is thought to be comparable with megagametophyte
- 11. The Arabidopsis endosperm coenocyte