DNA, RNA, Watson Crick.pptx comprehensive lecture
- 1. Nucleic acid Introductory Genetics and Biotechnology (Biotech-401), 3(2-1) Lecture No. 17-18
- 2. F. Miescher Journey from nuclein to nucleic acid
- 3. A. Kossel Nucleic acid contains nitrogenous bases
- 4. Nitrogenous bases Purine (Basic structure) Pyrimidine (Basic structure) Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Uracil
- 5. The nucleotides Composition of Nucleotide T. Levene It is composed of a nitrogen base, a five- carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups
- 6. Four types of nucleotides A G C T A G C T Tetra-nucleotide theory
- 7. Cgargaff rules Table A T G C T T C A
- 8. Composition of Nucleoside A nucleoside consists simply of a nitrogen base (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose),
- 9. What is the function of a nucleotide Involved in the synthesis of DNA Nucleotide
- 10. Involved in the synthesis of RNA
- 11. DNA is a hereditary material Fred Griffith experiment (1928) Type IIIS (Virulent) Type IIR (Nonvirulent) H-K type IIIS A mixture of RII and H-K type IIIS Conclusion: Transformation principle transformed the type IIR bacteria into live, virulent type IIIS bacteria.
- 12. • After 10 years of experimentations • Purified the transforming substance Heat killed Avery, MacLeod & McCarty IIIS (Virulent) Filtrate of IIIS Type IIR Type IIIS and IIR bacteria Type IIIS and IIR bacteria IIR bacteria RNase Protease DNase
- 13. Structure of DNA
- 14. Wilkins & Franklin Use of X-rays
- 15. Watson and crick model of DNA
- 17. Watson and crick model of DNA
- 18. Difference in RNA and DNA
- 19. Sugar molecule
- 21. RNA and DNA strands
- 22. Characters DNA RNA Lifetime Long Short Formation process Replication Transcription Types Nuclear DNA and mtDNA mRNA, rRNA, tRNA etc. Length Long Short Genetic material In all organisms Only in viruses
- 23. Different forms of DNA B form • Plenty of water and no unusual base sequence • Predominant form in cell • Alpha helix (right handed) A form • Exist under less water environment • Alpha helix (right handed) • Shorter and wider Z form • Left handed • Sugar-phosphate backbone bone zigzag back and forth • Long stretches of alternating C and G nucleotides
- 24. B-Form A-Form Z-Form Helix sense Right Handed Right Handed Left Handed Base pairs per turn 10 11 12 Vertical rise per bp 3.4 Å 2.56 Å 19 Å Rotation per bp +36° +33° -30° Helical diameter 20 Å 20 Å 20 Å
- 25. Thanks
- 26. Sugar in nucleic acid Phosphate in DNA
- 27. DNA RNA
- 29. Diameter 20 Å One Complete turn 34 Å Minor groove Major groove Sugar-phosphate backbone Nitrogenous base pair 3.4 Å Major groove Minor groove