4) filters and perception in communication
- 1. FILTERS IN COMMUNICATION Filters are thoughts and ideas that influence our judgement, behaviours and decision in daily basis Types of filters : - Assumptions – without knowing the facts - Attitudes – what are your firmly held ideas that stem from your life experience? - Beliefs – what view points do you hold based on your family life. Religion, culture, etc. - Expectations– what do you believe will happen or what do you want to happen - Prejudices – what biases do you posses that stem from your family backround, religion, racial and cultural setting. - Values – what strongs principles do you hold that derive from your belief physical enciroment, family background or negative experience.
- 2. ADDITIONAL FILTERS Emotional reactions – hearing emotionally instead of logically Hostility – distorting messages because you’re hearing in anger Hidden agenda – hearing only what you want to hear or expect to hear. Defensiveness – reacting as though being critized Fear – anticipating a reaction ; being afraid to be honest or direct with others. Jargon and semantics – using “in” words that only make sense to someone in a certain industry, field, occupation ; phrases that mean different things to different people. Status – felling less powerful or influential (or more powerful and influential) than the people with whom we are communicating.
- 3. PERCEPTION Perception is a complex process. We use our senses to perceive, but perception includes more than just the eye, ear alone, more than just the nose or skin also tongue alone. Perception is the “I” behind the senses. In other words, our interpretation of events may differ markedly from the actual events. During the process of perception, we make experience our own. We can define perception is the process of selecting, organizing and subjectively interpreting senseory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.
- 4. 5 stages of perception process STAGE 1 : SENSORY STIMULATION OCCCURS Selective Exposure Selective Perception STAGE 2 : SENSORY STIMULATION IS ORGANIZED Perception Evaluated based on rules , schemata and scripts By Creating Schemata By Invoking scripts STAGE 3 : SENSORY STIMULATION IS INTERPRETED EVALUATED By Rules Process is subjective Perception Given Meaning
- 5. 5 stages of perception process STAGE 4 : SENSORY STIMULATION IS PUT IN MEMORY Cognitive tags Store for later retrieval STAGE 5 : SENSORY STIMULATION IS RECALLED Recall info consistent with schemas If info very inconsistent, may revise schemas Fail into recall info inconsistent with schemas Stored in scripts and schemas
- 6. PROCESSES INFLUENCE PERCEPTION - IMPLICIT PERSONALITY THEORY - SELF – FULFILING PROPHECY - PERCEPTUAL ACCENTUATION - PRIMACY –REGENCY - CONSISTENCY - STEREOTYPING - ATTRIBUTION
- 7. BARRIERS TO PERCEPTION SELECTIVE PERCEPTION : means only seeing and hearing what we choose ALLNES : The erroneous belief that any one person could know all there is to know about anything CULTURAL NEARSIGHTEDNESS : The failure to understand that we do not attribute the same meanings to similar behavior FIRST IMPRESSIONS : The making of initial judgement STEREOTYPE : A generalization about people, places, or events held by many member of society. PREJUDICE : A biased, negative attitude toward a particular group of people BLINDERING : The process by which one unconsciously adds restrictions that limit one’sperceptual capabilities INFERENCES: An assumption with varying degress of accuracy
- 8. HOW TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY OF YOUR PERCEPTION TAKE YOUR TIME BE AWARE THAT YOUR PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES ARE PERSONAL BASED BE OPEN MINDED