![ 4G is the fourth generation
of wireless mobile
telecommunications technology,
succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide
capabilities defined by ITU in IMT
Advanced. Potential and current
applications include amended mobile
web access, IP telephony, gaming
services, high-definition mobile TV, video
conferencing, and 3D television.[citation needed]
The first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE)
standard (a 4G candidate system) is
commercially deployed in Oslo, Norway,
and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009. It has,
however, been debated whether first-
release versions should be considered 4G,
as discussed in the technical
understanding section below](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-2-320.jpg)
![ In March 2008, the International
Telecommunications Union-Radio
communications sector (ITU-R) specified a
set of requirements for 4G standards,
named the International Mobile
Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-
Advanced) specification, setting peak speed
requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits
per second (Mbit/s) for high mobility
communication (such as from trains and
cars) and 1 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) for
low mobility communication (such as
pedestrians and stationary users).[1]
Since the first-release versions of Mobile
WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1
Gbit/s peak bit rate, they are not fully IMT-
Advanced compliant, but are often branded
4G by service providers. According to
operators, a generation of the network
refers to the deployment of a new non-
backward-compatible technology](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-3-320.jpg)
![ On December 6, 2010, ITU-R recognized that
these two technologies, as well as other beyond-
3G technologies that do not fulfill the IMT-
Advanced requirements, could nevertheless be
considered "4G", provided they represent
forerunners to IMT-Advanced compliant versions
and "a substantial level of improvement in
performance and capabilities with respect to the
initial third generation systems now deployed".[2]
Mobile WiMAX Release 2 (also known
as WirelessMAN-Advanced or IEEE 802.16m')
and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) are IMT-Advanced
compliant backwards compatible versions of the
above two systems, standardized during the
spring 2011,[citation needed] and promising speeds in
the order of 1 Gbit/s. Services were expected in
2013.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-4-320.jpg)
![ In the mid-1990s, the ITU-R standardization
organization released the IMT-2000 requirements
as a framework for what standards should be
considered 3G systems, requiring 200 kbit/s peak
bit rate. In 2008, ITU-R specified the IMT-
Advanced(International Mobile
Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for
4G systems.
The fastest 3G-based standard in the UMTS family
is the HSPA+ standard, which is commercially
available since 2009 and offers 28 Mbit/s
downstream (22 Mbit/s upstream) without MIMO,
i.e. only with one antenna, and in 2011 accelerated
up to 42 Mbit/s peak bit rate downstream using
either DC-HSPA+ (simultaneous use of two 5 MHz
UMTS carriers)[3] or 2x2 MIMO. In theory speeds up
to 672 Mbit/s are possible, but have not been
deployed yet. The fastest 3G-based standard in
theCDMA2000 family is the EV-DO Rev. B, which is
available since 2010 and offers 15.67 Mbit/s
downstream.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-6-320.jpg)
![ Be based on an all-IP packet switched network.
Have peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high
mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s
for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access.[1]
Be able to dynamically share and use the network resources to
support more simultaneous users per cell.
Use scale-able channel bandwidths of 5–20 MHz, optionally up
to 40 MHz.[1]Rumney, Moray (September 2008). "IMT-Advanced:
4G Wireless Takes Shape in an Olympic Year" (PDF). Agilent
Measurement Journal.
Have peak link spectral efficiency of 15-bit/s/Hz in the
downlink, and 6.75-bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1
Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz
bandwidth).
System spectral efficiency is, in indoor cases, 3-bit/s/Hz/cell for
downlink and 2.25-bit/s/Hz/cell for uplink.[1]
Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-8-320.jpg)
![ IMT-2000 compliant 4G standards.
As of October 2010, ITU-R Working
Party 5D approved two industry-
developed technologies (LTE
Advanced and WirelessMAN-
Advanced)[8] for inclusion in the
ITU's International Mobile
Telecommunications Advanced
program (IMT-Advanced program),
which is focused on global
communication systems that will be
available several years from now.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-9-320.jpg)
![ LTE Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced) is
a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally
submitted by the 3GPPorganization to ITU-T in
the fall 2009, and expected to be released in
2013. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to
reach and surpass the ITU requirements.[9] LTE
Advanced is essentially an enhancement to LTE. It
is not a new technology, but rather an
improvement on the existing LTE network. This
upgrade path makes it more cost effective for
vendors to offer LTE and then upgrade to LTE
Advanced which is similar to the upgrade from
WCDMA to HSPA. LTE and LTE Advanced will also
make use of additional spectrums and
multiplexing to allow it to achieve higher data
speeds. Coordinated Multi-point Transmission
will also allow more system capacity to help
handle the enhanced data speeds. Release 10 of
LTE is expected to achieve the IMT Advanced](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4gmadebygunjanjain-170114151331/85/4-g-made-by-gunjan-jain-10-320.jpg)
4 g made by gunjan jain
- 2. 4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television.[citation needed] The first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard (a 4G candidate system) is commercially deployed in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009. It has, however, been debated whether first- release versions should be considered 4G, as discussed in the technical understanding section below
- 3. In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT- Advanced) specification, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s) for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).[1] Since the first-release versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit/s peak bit rate, they are not fully IMT- Advanced compliant, but are often branded 4G by service providers. According to operators, a generation of the network refers to the deployment of a new non- backward-compatible technology
- 4. On December 6, 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two technologies, as well as other beyond- 3G technologies that do not fulfill the IMT- Advanced requirements, could nevertheless be considered "4G", provided they represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced compliant versions and "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed".[2] Mobile WiMAX Release 2 (also known as WirelessMAN-Advanced or IEEE 802.16m') and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) are IMT-Advanced compliant backwards compatible versions of the above two systems, standardized during the spring 2011,[citation needed] and promising speeds in the order of 1 Gbit/s. Services were expected in 2013.
- 5. The nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards-compatible transmission technology, higher peak bit rates, new frequency bands, wider channel frequency bandwidth in Hertz, and higher capacity for many simultaneous data transfers (higher system spectral efficiency in bit/second/Hertz/site). New mobile generations have appeared about every ten years since the first move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992. This was followed, in 2001, by 3G multi-media support, spread spectrum transmission and, at least, 200 kbit/s peak bit rate, in 2011/2012 to be followed by "real" 4G, which refers to all-Internet Protocol (IP) packet-switchednetworks giving mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access. While the ITU has adopted recommendations for technologies that would be used for future global communications, they do not actually perform the standardization or development work themselves, instead relying on the work of other standard bodies such as IEEE, The WiMAX Forum, and 3GPP.
- 6. In the mid-1990s, the ITU-R standardization organization released the IMT-2000 requirements as a framework for what standards should be considered 3G systems, requiring 200 kbit/s peak bit rate. In 2008, ITU-R specified the IMT- Advanced(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G systems. The fastest 3G-based standard in the UMTS family is the HSPA+ standard, which is commercially available since 2009 and offers 28 Mbit/s downstream (22 Mbit/s upstream) without MIMO, i.e. only with one antenna, and in 2011 accelerated up to 42 Mbit/s peak bit rate downstream using either DC-HSPA+ (simultaneous use of two 5 MHz UMTS carriers)[3] or 2x2 MIMO. In theory speeds up to 672 Mbit/s are possible, but have not been deployed yet. The fastest 3G-based standard in theCDMA2000 family is the EV-DO Rev. B, which is available since 2010 and offers 15.67 Mbit/s downstream.
- 7. This article refers to 4G using IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), as defined by ITU-R. An IMT- Advanced cellular system must fulfill the following requirements REQIUREMENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS
- 8. Be based on an all-IP packet switched network. Have peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access.[1] Be able to dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell. Use scale-able channel bandwidths of 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.[1]Rumney, Moray (September 2008). "IMT-Advanced: 4G Wireless Takes Shape in an Olympic Year" (PDF). Agilent Measurement Journal. Have peak link spectral efficiency of 15-bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75-bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth). System spectral efficiency is, in indoor cases, 3-bit/s/Hz/cell for downlink and 2.25-bit/s/Hz/cell for uplink.[1] Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks.
- 9. IMT-2000 compliant 4G standards. As of October 2010, ITU-R Working Party 5D approved two industry- developed technologies (LTE Advanced and WirelessMAN- Advanced)[8] for inclusion in the ITU's International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced program (IMT-Advanced program), which is focused on global communication systems that will be available several years from now.
- 10. LTE Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPPorganization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be released in 2013. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements.[9] LTE Advanced is essentially an enhancement to LTE. It is not a new technology, but rather an improvement on the existing LTE network. This upgrade path makes it more cost effective for vendors to offer LTE and then upgrade to LTE Advanced which is similar to the upgrade from WCDMA to HSPA. LTE and LTE Advanced will also make use of additional spectrums and multiplexing to allow it to achieve higher data speeds. Coordinated Multi-point Transmission will also allow more system capacity to help handle the enhanced data speeds. Release 10 of LTE is expected to achieve the IMT Advanced