4.2 System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
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The document discusses system, service and product innovation in Indian agriculture away from unsustainable industrial models. It summarizes alternatives like System of Rice Intensification (SRI) which uses less water, seeds and chemicals but yields more. SRI has spread to over 250,000 farmers in 250 districts through knowledge sharing rather than conventional innovation channels. The document advocates for learning alliances and institutional innovations that facilitate exchange to collectively learn and improve agricultural systems for sustainability.
4.2 System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
- 1. System, Service and Product Innovation in Agriculture : The case of SRI C Shambu Prasad Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar LENS Workshop IIT Delhi July 14, 2009
- 2. Contents PSS or SSP – the knowledge question Unsustainability of industrial agricultural systems – globally and in India Emerging alternatives Newer architecture, institutional innovations Implications for triple bottom line –
- 3. System Service Product (SSP) innovation Conflicts of knowledge claims underplayed – what when knowledge systems coexist? Reversing PSS Innovating on systems for sustainability If management is about sensitive system design… What do designers do when there is no product focus?
- 4. “ Business as Usual not an option” – IAASTD April 08 "Agriculture has a footprint on all of the big environmental issues, so as the world considers climate change, biodiversity, land degradation, water quality, etc. they must also consider agriculture which lies at the centre of these issues and poses some uncomfortable challenges that need to be faced. We've got to make sure the footprint of agriculture on climate change is lessened ……. There are some major challenges, but we believe that by combining local and traditional knowledge with formal knowledge these challenges can be met." www.agassessment.org
- 5. Rs 100 000 crores spent, but no additional benefits. No addition to Canal Irrigated areas for 12 years http://www.sandrp.in/irrigation/ Siltation of reservoirs and canals, poor maintenance of the irrigation infrastructure, water intensive crops in the head reaches, water logging & salinisation are some of the other reasons.
- 6. Dear Farmers are you Aware? The government has not increased the prices of fertilizers in last four years whereas the subsidy by the Government on fertilizers has increased eight fold! - Min of Fertilisers unsustainability of industrial agriculture.. Fertiliser riots, inequity in distribution Years 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Subsidy 15779 18299 25952 40338 119772* (estimated)
- 7. Ecological Foot Prints Each ha of paddy yields @ 30 bags/acre and 75 kg/bag 5625 kg/ha grain In terms of rice 70 % milling 3938 kg/ha Water requirement 2000 mm (2 m) crop water requirement x10000 sq m. 20000 cu m water Which is equal to 5.078 cu.m/kg rice ( 5078 litres/kg rice ) Each family consuming monthly 30 kg rice 152340 Litres of water per month per family This is equivalent to Each family consumes water directly at around @ 300 litres/day and for 30 days 9000 litres Water consumption by way of rice is 16.93 times higher than the water we consume directly
- 8. 3. From Input intensive agiculture to knowledge intensive systems CMSA / NPM in AP - 13 lakh acres with 6 lakh farmers, 3000 villages (20 districts), 140 pesticide free. SRI – 250,000 farmers, 250 districts, little formal support, smaller states, non GR areas. … .Both systems challenge linear model of innovation, not variety dependent, knowledge outside formal science, reduced ecological footprint
- 9. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Less seed, Less water, Less chemical fertilisers & pesticides, yet More yield SRI = just five fundamental ideas: If you transplant, use young seedlings -- Use wider spacing and single seeding per hill Keep soil moist but unflooded – unsaturated Add organic matter to soil - as much as possible Actively aerate the soil - as much as possible 36 Countries over a million farmers in less than 10 years Yet struggling to be accepted….
- 10. Institutional innovations Learning alliances Nomenclature – System of RI, Jai SRI Spaces that enable exchange, knowledge dialogues, dissolve hierarchies (needs support) Innovation is all about making the system (big) ‘listen’ and ‘learn’ and Small to be open to surprise, collectively learn and be reflexive
- 11. Implications for designers Enter through system and service rather than product Visualise the product as part of the larger system and movement, account for diversity – e.g. mechanised tools in TN or improved systems in rainfed. Design for community innovation, people and planet – profit can come later. Large domestic market, great scope, lesser transaction costs….. Many more
- 12. Nov 2006 October 2007 Coping with Complexity: The Learning Alliance Journey December 2008