5. our environment
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- The document lists various types of waste materials and categorizes them as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Biodegradable materials like dead leaves and wooden materials can be broken down by microorganisms while non-biodegradable materials like plastic bottles and glass persist in the environment for a long time. - It explains how adding waste to the environment can have different consequences depending on whether the materials are biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Biodegradable waste can enrich soil quality after decomposition but non-biodegradable waste may accumulate or release harmful substances.
5. our environment
- 9. Used Paper Old polythene bags Old clothe items Old plastic bottles Dead leaves Broken glass items Dead animals Chemicals, medicine Broken soil items Metallic waste Wooden materials Nylon materials Peels of fruits Electronic parts Spoiled fruits Rubber items
- 10. Used Paper Old polythene bags Old clothe items Old plastic bottles Dead leaves Non-Biodegradable Broken glass items Dead animals Chemicals, medicine Broken soil items Biodegradable Metallic waste Wooden materials Nylon materials Peels of fruits Electronic parts Spoiled fruits Rubber items
- 11. Used Paper Substances that are broken down by biological processes Old clothe items are said to be biodegradable. Dead leaves These materials are normally Dead animals converted due to the action of bacteria or other saprophytes. Broken soil items Wooden materials These does not persist for a long time. Peels of fruits Spoiled fruits
- 12. Old polythene bags Substances that are not broken down by biological Old plastic bottles processes are said to be non- biodegradable. Broken glass items Chemicals, medicine These materials will be acted upon by physical processes Metallic waste like heat and pressure, but under the ambient conditions Nylon materials found in our environment. Electronic parts These persist for a long time. Rubber items
- 14. After conversion in to simple form these substances get mixed with the soil and help to increase fertility of soil.
- 15. These substances may be inert and simply persist in the environment for a long time or may harm the various members of the eco-system.
- 16. Types of waste materials Consequences of adding waste to the environment
- 17. Complete exercise NCERT Page No. 257 1. Why are some substances biodegradable and some non- biodegradable? 2. Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment. 3. Give any two ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment.
- 19. Living things and Physical components within the surrounding area constitute environment.
- 21. Plants, Animals and Micro organisms and their species variety. They are also known as biotic components.
- 23. Air (mixture of different gases like O2, CO2, N2), water, soils, rock particles, minerals and other non- biodegradable products. They are also known as abiotic components.
- 24. All these living organisms interact with each other and their growth, reproduction and other activities are affected by the abiotic components.
- 26. All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem. Thus, an ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components both.
- 30. Plants can make organic compounds like sugar and starch from inorganic substances using the radiant energy of the Sun in the presence of chlorophyll.
- 31. Producers Herbivores Perform photosynthesis, Ex:- Plants Eat plants, Ex- small fish and phytoplankton Carnivores Consumers Eat meat and flesh, Ex- Big Fish Consume others Decomposers Omnivores Split Dade bodies, Ex- Bacteria Eat both plants and animals, Ex- Duck
- 33. Decomposers break-down the complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances and replenish nutrients in the soil. Example: Bacteria and fungi
- 34. All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem. Components of an ecosystem Role of decomposers in an ecosystem
- 35. Read NCERT Page No. 256-257
- 37. All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.
- 39. Producers Herbivores Carnivores Consumers Decomposers Omnivores
- 41. Decomposers break-down the complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances and replenish nutrients in the soil. Example: Bacteria and fungi
- 44. A series of organisms feeding on one another. This series of organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a food chain.
- 46. They fix up the solar energy and make it available for Decreasing heterotrophs or the consumers. order of They are maximum in number. biomass Ex:- Grass, Plants
- 47. The herbivores or the primary consumers come at Decreasing the second level. order of biomass Ex: - Insects, Frog
- 48. The small carnivores or the secondary consumers come Decreasing at the third level. order of biomass Ex:- Frog
- 49. The large carnivores or the tertiary consumers come at the 4th level. They are Decreasing order of minimum in number. biomass Ex:-Snake and Eagle
- 52. A food web is a graphical description of feeding relationships among species in an ecological community. A food web is a series of related food chains displaying the movement of energy and matter through an ecosystem.
- 53. A series of organisms feeding on one another. This series of organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a food chain. Each step or level of the food chain forms a trophic level. Trophic level of one food chain may interact with trophic level of another food chain and form food web
- 54. Read NCERT Page No. 257-259 What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.
- 56. Decreasing order of biomass
- 63. It can not be reversed back
- 66. Decreasin g order of biomass
- 67. Decreasin g order of biomass
- 68. Decreasin g order of biomass
- 69. Decreasin g order of biomass
- 70. Flow of energy in each trophic level Loss of energy in each trophic level
- 71. Read NCERT Page No. 259-260
- 73. The Maldives' government held an underwater cabinet meeting on Saturday 17.09.09 in a bid to focus global attention on rising sea levels.
- 80. Biological magnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain as a consequence of low rate of internal degradation of the substance.
- 83. In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels.
- 86. We will fall sick Housing Complex
- 88. Some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through the food chain Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) split O3 and UV rays come frequently, result skin cancer The disposal of the waste we generate is causing serious environmental problems.
- 89. 1. What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem? 2. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods. Complete exercise NCERT Page No. 264-265 (Q.No 1 to 9)