The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its relationship to the golden ratio. It begins by introducing Leonardo of Pisa, who helped spread the use of the modern number system and knowledge of the Fibonacci sequence. The sequence is defined as a pattern where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting with 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, etc. This sequence appears throughout nature and can be seen in spirals of shells, pinecones, and sunflowers. The ratio of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaches the golden ratio, about 1.618, an irrational number important in art and architecture considered aesthetically pleasing. The golden ratio can also be observed in proportions of the human body.