54278227-Smart-Grid.ppt

A seminar on
SMART GRID
TECHNOLOGY
By:
ARSHIYA ANIS SHAH
EN-3
University Roll No: 0816421016

Table of contents:
 Introduction to smart grid?
 Pillars of smart grid
 Overview of smart grid
 Need of a smart grid
 Comparison between smart grid and today’s grid
 Components of smart grid
 Smart meter
 Upcoming technologies
 Devices for it
 Initiatives towards smart grid
 Benefits and loopholes

WHAT IS A SMART GRID???
This electric grid delivers electricity from points of
generation to consumers, and the electricity
delivery network functions via two primary systems:
the transmission system and the distribution
system. The transmission system delivers
electricity from power plants to distribution
substations, while the distribution system delivers
electricity from distribution substations to
consumers.
Building the smart grid means adding computer and
communications technology to the existing
electricity grid. With an overlay of digital
technology, the grid promises to operate more
efficiently and reliably. It can also accommodate
more solar and wind power, which are inconsistent
sources of energy that can become more reliable
with better controls. Much like computers and
routers manage the flow of bits on the Internet,
smart-grid technologies use information to optimize
the flow of electricity.

 Adding sensing, embedded processing and digital
communications makes the grid:
Observable
Controllable
Automated
Fully integrated
WHAT IS A SMART GRID(contd) ??

Pillars of Smart Grid
 Transmission Optimization
 Demand Side Management
 Distribution Optimization
 Asset Optimization

NEED FOR A SMART GRID
 Electromechanical electrical grids are inefficient networks highly prone to power
failures. It has become a stressed grid structure.
 Energy demand is increasing at a faster rate than energy supply because of the
increase in population.
 With the increase in energy costs, customer expectations are also increasing.
Customers want to do more to protect the environment, use less energy and
control their costs.
 Also, customers are increasingly technologically savvy and expect to receive the
information to help them manage their energy usage(One of the main
characteristics of the Smart Grid is enabling customers to manage energy and
control their costs).
 Greenhouse gas emissions is increasing due to the increase in energy
consumption..
Clearly, a new method is required.

What would a smart grid be able to do
that today's not-so-smart grid can't?
 Right now, if there's a breakdown at your local substation, the utility
usually finds out when customers call to complain. Placing a networked
sensor inside a transformer or along wires could locate and report a
problem, or prevent it from happening in the first place.
 Despite living in the age of information, most of us only get a glimpse of
our energy consumption when the utility bills come once a month. In
people's homes, the smart grid should mean more detailed information
through home energy-monitoring tools. These can be small displays or
Web-based programs that give a real-time view of how much energy
you're using, which appliances consume the most, and how your home
compares to others.

A Smart Grid a boon….
Transforms the way power is consumed.
Increases reliability and power quality .
Improves responsiveness and efficiency .
Potentially reduces costs for the provider and
consumer .
Adds intelligence throughout the newly networked
grid .
Decrease Greenhouse gas emissions.
Reduces client-side power consumption ,especially
during peak hours.

COMPARISON
CURRENT STATE MODERN UTILITY
Analogue/electromechanical Digital/microprocessor controlled
Reactive(prone to failures and blackouts) Proactive
 One pricing  Real time pricing
No/limited consumer choice. Multiple consumer products
One-way communication (if any) Two-way/integrated communication
Few sensors Many monitors and sensors
Manual restoration Condition -performance-based
maintenance
Limited transparency with customers and
regulators
Transparency with customers and
regulators
Limited control over power flows Pervasive control systems
Estimated reliability Predictive reliability

COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
A Smart grid has two main components:
 The connectivity Network
• Core Networks
• Distribution Networks
• Access Networks
 Sensing and measurement
CORE NETWORK:
The Core network handles connectivity between substations and utilities’ head
offices. Technologies used for core network implementation include:
 Wireline technologies
• Fiber
 Wireless technologies
• WiMAX

 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS:
The Distribution network handles broadband connectivity for transmitting data collected by
Smart Power Grid concentrators and distribution automation devices (e.g. monitors,
sensors, ), which are located on the grid, to their related databases and analytics servers,
which are located at headquarters.
Technologies used for distribution network implementation include:
Wireline technologies
 Fiber
 BPL (broadband over power lines)
Wireless technologies
 WiMAX
 License-exempt broadband wireless
 GSM

 ACCESS NETWORKS:
The Access network handles last-mile connectivity from smart meters located on the edge
of the power grid (at homes, offices, and municipal facilities) to SPG concentrators.
Technologies used for access network implementation include:
 Wireline technologies
 PLC (Power Line Communication),
 Wireless technologies
 ZigBee ,
 Wi-Fi ,
 WiMAX
 GSM
 OPTIMIZED SMART POWER GRID WIRELESS
CONNECTIVITY:
 Scalability and enhanced flexibility
 Carrier-class all outdoor link reliability and availability (eg IP67)
 Secured communication (eg FIPS-140-2)
 High bandwidth with low latency
 Standard-based technologies (eg 802.16e, 802.11)

 SENSING AND MEASUREMENT:
Its easy to cut your electricity bills if you know…
 Exactly how much electricity you are using.
 How much it is costing you in rupee per hour
 How much harmful carbon dioxide your household contributes to the greenhouse effect
SMART METERING CONCEPT
o AUTOMATED METER READING(AMR): is a remote reading system based on an advanced
technology that permits utilities to read electronic meters over long distances. Through AMR, the
energy consumption can be read on an annual, monthly, weekly, daily or on an hourly basis. The
automatic data collection enables billing based on real time consumption as opposed to an
estimated consumption.
o ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE(AMI): refers to systems that measure, read
and analyse energy consumption. AMI systems can be defined as an extension of the simpler
AMR-system. The AMI always communicates two-way and comprises the whole range of metering
devices, software, communication media, and data management systems.
o AUTOMATED METER MANAGEMENT(AMM): or Smart Metering is another expansion
of a remote reading system that includes the possibility of performing technical measurements
and functions and carrying out customer-orientated services via the system.

SMART METER
Smart meters are to mutual benefit for utility and consumer.
The smart meter makes a greener difference.
FEATURES:
Communication-able to communicate with the data
management system which is placed on a server either at
the utility or at the system provider.
Smart disconnect/reconnect-allows the utility to switch off
the power remotely and to switch the power back on.
Tamper Protection- is integrated as a real time clock will
stamp any breaking of the seal.
Voltage Quality- are measured and recorded providing the
energy distributor with valuable information to perform an
efficient grid operation.
Load profile- The Utility may also take advantage of the
recorded load profile data and four quadrant measuring
for optimization of the grid load.
Shunt measuring principle-secures an accurate measuring
of consumed energy.
Tariffing- reduces power demand during peak hours
Energy Awareness- It makes it a lot easier for the
consumer to follow his energy consumption.

UPCOMING TECHNOLOGIES
PICOWATT:
These are strategically placed smart plugs
which fit over existing outlets, are essentially
mini Wi-Fi routers running Linux, each capable
of gathering data and controlling devices.
GOOGLE POWERMETER ENERGY TRACKER:
 It works without smart meter
 In combination with Power Meter, a person can view details,
such as real-time electricity use and weekly trends from a
Web browser or using a smart phone running iGoogle.

DEVICES FOR SMART GRID
ONZO: is a slick-looking energy display and wireless
sensor kit that runs on energy harvested from the
home electrical cable.
ENERGY DETECTIVE: is an energy management tool
that helps consumers to save 10-20% of their monthly
electricity bill.
ENERGY HUB: Energy Hub makes a high-end energy
dashboard that will offer Google Docs-style spreadsheets and
graphs of resource use.
TENDRIL: Tendril sells a combo of energy management
services, including a wireless in-home energy display, a smart,
web-based energy portal, smart outlets and cell phone apps
that can help homeowners diagnose and cut energy
consumption.

DREAM WATTS: is a wireless energy management tool that
focuses on making smart thermostats effective for cutting energy
consumption.
AGILEWAVES: The system, custom-designed for larger
buildings and higher-end homes, needs to be installed by an
electrician and can also be used to dim lights, turn on and off
heating and cooling, and adjust smart appliances.
GOOGLE POWERMETER: it is an online energy information
tool
GREEN BOX: Green Box is focusing on the software side of
things with its web-based energy tool.

OK, so the smart grid is supposed to reduce wasted
energy, give consumers better information, and allow
the grid to use more solar and wind power.
What's the hold-up?
 Where to start?
Utilities aren't known as the most fleet-of-foot businesses and
the energy industry invests lower percentage of revenue in
technology than most industries. This helps explain why we've
been hearing about the grid for 10 years but very few of us
actually have it.
 A high cost at the beginning of implementation.
 Political and economic frameworks & traditions

 Then there's the lack of standards for a dizzying number of
tasks
 A key regulatory piece of the smart grid is time-of-day
pricing, which is supposed to reflect the fluctuating cost of
energy delivery in a day. Some sort of tired pricing would
allow a consumer to take advantage of off-peak rates, but it
isn't the norm in many states.
 Amid all the technical and business challenges, there's the
question of consumer acceptance. Consumers, in general, are
likely to welcome more detailed information on how much
electricity, natural gas, and water they use. But even though
there's the promise of energy savings, it's not clear that
people are willing to pay much money for home energy-
management tools.

Power grid’s initiative towards
smart grid:
 Pilot Project in Northern Region
 Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the
Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area
Measurements (WAM) for Western Region

Benefits of smart grid:
 Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
 Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
 Better demand supply / demand response
management.
 Better power quality
 Reduce carbon emissions.
 Increasing demand for energy : requires more
complex and critical solution with better energy
management

Loopholes of smart grid:
 Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
 Most renewable resources are intermittent and can
not be relied on (in its present form)for secure energy
supply
 Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of
Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other
related matters.
 Grid Operation : Monitoring & control

CONCLUSION
 By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum
and would not be wasted.
 This technology also helps to save earth from the global warming.
 It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of
energy supply.
THINK ‘SMART’!!!

54278227-Smart-Grid.ppt

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