5G Is Overhyped - Learn What It Can Really Do
- 1. 5G Is Overhyped – Learn What It Can Really Do Shaping Your Future With the Next Generation of Wireless Communications
- 2. AGENDA 2 Background The promise of 5G The technology • Frequency bands • Speed, distance, and latency of different bands • 5G for cell phones • 5G for low latency high reliability • 5G for the Internet of Things (IoT) What this means for the future • Carrier choices will make a big difference • Where you are will make a big difference • What does 5G do for IoT?
- 3. The Promise of 5G • Higher bandwidth, ultra-reliable, low-latency • Addresses three key problems for the wireless infrastructure: 3 Enhanced data throughput – astounding amount of data Always on – ability for devices to always be connected Reduced latency – enable additional types of solutions (i.e. healthcare, manufacturing and automotive applications)
- 4. 5G Wireless Use Cases 4 In Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Constant up/download on an all-day wearable 1 Mbps (Image and workflow downloading) 2 Mbps (Video conferencing) 2 to 20 Mbps (3D model and data visualization) 5 to 25 Mbps (Two-way telepresence) 10 to 50 Mbps (Current-gen 360degree video (4k)) 50 to 200 Mbps (Next-gen 360degree video (8K, 90+ FPS, HDR, stereoscopic) 200 to 5000 Mbps (6 DoF video or free- viewpoint) Richer visual content Source: ABI Research
- 5. 5G Wireless Use Cases 5 In Healthcare Use Case Category Description Evidence Country 4Cs: 5G technology will improve: • Well-being in the population • predicting potential individual health problems • organizing early medical intervention • Patient outcomes • Sustainable health services • remote robotic surgery Remote robotic surgery Ultra reliable low latency Robotic surgery in rural areas by doctors in cities Robotic surgery machines Global Low-cost Low current consumption Wide coverage High connection capacity
- 6. 5G Wireless Use Cases 6 In Smart Transportation Use Case Category Description Evidence IoT Application 5G technology will enable: • New services leveraging fast reliable wireless communication between smart vehicles and sensors embedded in roads, railways and airfields • Increased visibility and control over smart transportation systems Smart Transportation Systems Autonomous 5G Service Manages the routes in an efficient way Smart vehicles Smart transportation
- 7. 4G-5G Comparison – What is Advertised 7 Speed Latency Spectrum frequency Battery Life Data Volume Advantages/ Disadvantages 100 Mbps - 10 Gbps 1 ms Up to 86 GHz 10-year battery life 1000x more network connections Higher bandwidth, highly directional, resulting in up to 100x number of connected devices Supports huge capacity for fast data, Less cluttered with existing cellular data More security than 4G 5G4G Up to 150 Mbps 50 ms Below 6 GHz High power consumption High 4G cell towers serve fewer connections. Cells are not directional, limiting the number of connections. Connections frequently drop when moving Less secure for comparable services and functionality than 5G
- 8. Different capability with different frequency bands Limited availability of high frequency band Some capabilities are far in the future Two 5G standards (they are very similar) • 3GPP release 15 • IMT-2020 • Equipment can satisfy either one or both Work on the standards continues Reality is More Complex 8
- 9. 5G Spectrum Within Three Key Frequency Bands 9 BELOW 1 GHZ Low-band spectrum • Will support widespread coverage across urban, suburban and rural areas • Good in-building coverage • Peak data speeds up to 100 Mbps • Used by carriers in the U.S. for LTE • Bandwidth is nearly depleted 1-6 GHZ Mid-band spectrum • Good mixture of coverage and capacity benefits. • Peak data speeds reach as high as 400 Mbps • Faster speeds and lower latency than lower band • Does not penetrate buildings as well as low-band 6 GHz – 86 GHz High-band spectrum • Above 6 GHz needed for ultra-high broadband speeds. 28 GHz to 39 GHz bands identified in the USA • Up to 10 Gbps • Often referred to as mmWave • Major weaknesses: low coverage area and poor building penetration • Blocked by walls, windows, cars, trees, rain, or snow Similar to 4G Coverage and capacity New with 5G
- 10. 5G Coverage, Bandwidth, and Latency 10 Coverage Bandwidth Latency (one-way) 400 MHz to 2 GHz 100 MHz 100 MHz 50 MHz <0.6 mi 5 mi 10 mi 20 mi 1 ms 30 mS MID BAND II (3.5 GHz - 7 GHz) MID BAND I (1 GHz – 2.6 GHz) LOW BAND (Sub-1 GHz) HIGH BAND (24 GHz - 48 GHz) High capacity hotspot/ dense urban Moderate capacity Wide area coverage Source: SCTE•ISBE and NCTA and others
- 11. The 5G Service Classes 11 mMTC Massive machine-type communications Massive number of devices Very low device cost Very low energy consumption URLLC Ultra-reliable and low- latency communications Very low latency Ultra high reliability and availability 5G CHARACTERISTIC Will support massive IoT deployments USE CASES Smart buildings, logistics, tracking, fleet management, wearable devices, and smart meters CHARACTERISTIC As low as 1 ms air latency USE CASES Traffic safety and control, remote surgery, and industrial control eMBB Enhanced mobile broadband Very high data rates Very High traffic capacity CHARACTERISTIC High peak data rates | High speed mobility | down to 4 ms of air latency USE CASES Smart phones, tablets, home/enterprise/venues applications, UHD TV (4K and 8K) broadcast, and virtual reality/augmented reality Source: ITU-R SGO5
- 12. Very high data rates – 2 Gb/sec (20 times 4G) Very high traffic capacity – 1 million devices / km2 Performance depends upon the frequency band available Below 1 GHz • Up to 100 Mb/sec data rate down, 50 Mb/sec up • Similar performance to 4G, spectrum shared with 4G in USA 1 – 6 GHz • Up to 400Mb/sec data rates • Mainly in urban and suburban areas, does not penetrate buildings well • Faster than 4G 6 to 86 GHz • Up to 2 Gb/sec data rates • 26 to 39 GHz spectrum now • Only in dense urban areas: short range, does not penetrate buildings or cars eMBB Use Cases – Cell Phones, Tablets, Etc. 12
- 13. URLLC Use Cases - Mostly On-Premise 13 Scenario End-to-end latency Reliability User experienced data rate Traffic density Service area dimension Discrete automation – motion control 1 ms 99.9999% 1 Mbps up to 10 Mbps 1 Tbps /km2 100 x 100 x 30 m Process automation – remote control 50 ms 99.9999% 1 Mbps up to 100 Mbps 100 Gbps /km2 300 x 300 x 50 m Electricity distribution – high voltage 5 ms 99.9999% 10 Mbps 100 Gbps /km2 200 km along power line Intelligent transport systems – infrastructure backhaul 10 ms 99.9999% 10 Mbps 10 Gbps /km2 2 km along a road Source: NOKIA 2018
- 14. URLLC Limitations 14 Mostly On-Premise uses • No wide area coverage • Equipment typically installed by the user Latency is one way from transmitter to receiver • Local termination reduces network latency that is up to 100 mS in 4G • Does not include the delay in the backbone of the network in latency figures Highly reliable communication • Much better than 4G
- 15. What Will Improve with 5G? 15 Picocells to give indoor mmWave performance Only way to get mmWave (>6 GHz) indoors 5G provides higher density connections Fewer dropped calls in dense urban areas High speed at on-premise connections • Stadiums and large entertainment facilities • Roads • Factories • Power Lines Higher Security Communication more secure than 4G
- 16. What is Unlikely? 16 High speed remote connected video games and augmented reality at home Remote surgery Speed is a problem • Little significant improvement in sub 6 GHz • mmWave only in dense urban areas • mmWave needs pico cells to work indoors Latency is a problem • 1-10 mS latency only in limited cases – one-way, transmitter to receiver • >10 mS to cross the country at 186 miles per mS • Added delay for each switch enroute • 20-40 mS likely for long distance connections 99.9999% reliability is questionable for any wireless connection
- 17. Other Issues with 5G 17 mmWave signals are blocked by walls, windows, trees, cars, people, rain, or snow mmWave signals don’t transmit very far • C-net Reported best coverage is line of sight 100 to 300 ft from base station Phones use higher power for mmWave band • Phone switches to lower band or 4G at high ambient temperature Base stations use 3 times the power of LTE – not green Concern about health effects of mmWave signals Interference with weather satellites by mmWave frequencies
- 18. mMTC (IoT) Use Cases 18 • Low-power Wide-area (LPWA) • 10 year battery life • 160 bits/sec (up to 10 Kb/sec) • 1 million devices / km2 • Round trip latency of 10 seconds with 20-byte payload • Low cost hardware
- 19. Current State of mMTC 19 • Today 5G does not provide all that is promised • New standards are being worked on • Current 5G not optimized for packet size, short sessions • Inefficient control signaling – 100 bytes of signaling to send 10 bytes of data • Present channel coding schemes are inefficient with small data packets • 10 year battery life only with very infrequent messages and very low data rates
- 20. What About Existing IoT Services? 20 NB-IoT and LTE-M (also called Cat M or Emtc) • NB-IoT and LTE-M will coexist with 5G • The plan is for existing devices to remain compatible • Not optimized for small data packets, sporadic transmission, low power, etc. • Coverage in the U.S. is good. • 50,000 devices per cell Non-cellular services are not included in 5G, but will still work • ZigBee, LoRa, Ingenu, Sigfox and Weightless • Use unlicensed spectrum – lower cost air time • Not available many places
- 21. What This Means for the Future of IoT 21 • Little change for now. • NB-IoT or LTE-M coverage in USA is good • Verizon announced 92% of US population covered in May 2019 • NB-IoT is more widespread – But only AT&T offers it in Mexico • No LTE-M or NB-IoT in India, South Asia, parts of South America, and most of Africa • Will today’s devices remain compatible in the future? • The plans are that they will, but the standards are not yet complete
- 22. NB-IoT and LTE-M Deployment 22
- 23. Source: T-Mobile NB-IoT and LTE-M Coverage by T-Mobile, early 2020 23
- 24. LoRa Coverage by Senet, early 2020 24
- 25. LTE-M NB-IOT Sigfox LoRa BTLE Mesh Zigbee Range 1-50 km 1-50 km 10-50 km 2-50 km 10 m 50 m Data rate 1 Mbit /s 20-150 Kbit /s 300 bits /s 200-50 Kbit /s 20 Kbit /s 40 Kbit /s Supports Audio Yes Yes No No No Yes Network Public Public Public Public or Private Private Private Available Good coverage Good coverage 30% of US population Yes Limited public Limited Mature Comparison of Existing IoT Wireless Standards 25
- 26. Private vs Public Network 26 Private • Both ends of communication owned privately • Can be installed anywhere • Unlicensed spectrum • Cost to install base stations and end points • No monthly fee Public • Network owned by provider – for example cellular • Only works where base stations exist • No need to install a base station • Easy roaming • Licensed spectrum • Monthly charge for use of the network
- 27. LPWAN (IoT) Compared to Others Power – How much? How far? 27 All units in mW 100 bps 10K bps 40K bps 1 m BLE4/Zigbee 0.15 BLE Mesh 0.15 LoRa 0.5 Sigfox 0.5 NB-IoT 0.5 LTE-M 0.5 BLE4/Zigbee 7.5 BLE Mesh 7.5 LoRa 10 NB-IoT 20 LTE-M 20 Zigbee 30 LoRa 20 NB-IoT 50 LTE-M 50 50 m Zigbee 20 LoRa 0.5 Sigfox 0.5 NB-IoT 1.0 LTE-M 1.0 Zigbee 30 LoRa 20 NB-IoT 30 LTE-M 30 NB-IoT 100 LTE-M 100 1 km LoRa 20 Sigfox 20 NB-IoT 20 LTE-M 20 NB-IoT 100 LTE-M 100 NB-IoT 500 LTE-M 500 Units: mW
- 28. Cost - 2018 28 COST Device module Infrastructure Network Connectivity LTE-M $15 $0.30 to $2 /mo NB-IOT $10-15 $1 /mo and up LoRa $5 $300 (private) <$1 /mo (public) Sigfox $3 $0.15 /mo and up BLE Mesh $1 Use phone or tablet none Module is built into devices Infrastructure – to connect to the Internet Network connectivity – recurring charge
- 29. 5G Availability 29 • 4 US Carriers deploying 5G • Need a 5G phone or device • Little coverage in rural areas • Limited speed with some carriers • Limited coverage with other carriers
- 30. Carrier Peak download speed 5G techno logy Test date Spectrum Latency AT&T 1.8 Gbps mmWa ve June 2019 600 MHz (low band nearly nationwide offering) 850 MHz (low band) 37 GHz, 39 GHz, 47 GHz (mmWave) 16-20 ms of latency (according to PC Magazine) Verizon – not compatible with 5G NR, the international standard 1.3 Gbps mmWa ve May 2019 28-39 GHz (higher frequency) 19 ms latency (accordomg to Cnet) SK Telecom – S. Korea 618 Mbps Sub- 6GHz June 2019 3.5 GHz 1.2 ms claimed Carrier choices 30 Source for US carriers: C-net field test using Speedtest.net
- 31. Carrier Peak download speed 5G technology Test date Spectrum Latency T-Mobile 583 Mbps mmWave June 2019 600 MHz (low-band) 28GHz 39 GHz in Las Vegas (high band) 9 ms claimed Telstra – Australia 489 Mbps Sub-6GHz June 2019 3.5 GHz and 3.6GHz (per Telstra exchange) 6 ms (compared to 20 ms on Telstra’s 4G) (according to Computer World) Sprint 484 Mbps Sub-6GHz May 2019 800 MHz, 1.9GHz and 2.5 GHz (mid band, same spectrum with its 4G offering) 20 ms EE – UK 460 Mbps Sub-6GHz June 2019 3.5 GHz (data from 5g.co.uk) “instant connection” 21-26ms (average 5g latency in the UK accdg to Ookla) Carrier choices 31 Source for US carriers: C-net field test using Speedtest.net
- 32. Locations with 5G in the USA 32 Carrier California 5G cities USA 5G cities Sprint Los Angeles 9 cities in Nov, 2019 Verizon Los Angeles, San Diego 25 cities in Nov, 2019 AT&T San Francisco, San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego 30 cities in Nov, 2019 T-Mobile Los Angeles, San Diego 47 cities in Nov, 2019 Almost no coverage in rural areas Source: Wikipedia
- 33. Selecting the Right Wireless Technology 33 • Have you mapped your technical and commercial requirements against available technical capabilities? • There are many technologies with widely varying capabilities, cost, and availability. • Voler can help select the right technology for your device. • We design IoT and wearable devices.
- 34. Let Voler Help You Succeed! Voler designs IoT and wearable devices with expertise in wireless communication and sensors •Walt Maclay, Voler Systems •Walt@volersystems.com •408-245-9844 ext 101 Quality Electronic Design & Software Wearable Devices | Sensor Interfaces | Wireless | Medical Devices