7. paraphrasing
- 2. Paraphrasing How to put a passage in your own words without changing the meaning How to find the main idea of the text in order to paraphrase it.
- 3. Paraphrasing -means putting what you have read into your own words. -You paraphrase by reading something, thinking about what it means, and then restating it in your own words. -is a useful strategy to check to be sure that you have understood when reading something difficult or something that is important to remember. -If you cannot paraphrase after reading, it is important to go back and reread to clarify information.
- 4. What is Paraphrasing? Basically, paraphrasing is condensing, in your own words, the gist of what the writer says. It is important to preserve the writer's point of view, but to present it in your own words and style.
- 5. What is Paraphrasing? PARAPHRASING is used to: rewrite the text in your own words clarify meaning avoid PLAGIARISM.
- 6. When do you Paraphrase? When you simply wish to restate someone else's idea in your own words. When you wish to translate difficult, involved language into simple, easy language. When you wish to summarize the main idea of a selection, leaving out the illustrative details and examples that the writer furnishes.
- 7. Paraphrasing is NOT? Changing a couple of words. Deleting a couple of words or phrases. Rearranging the order of the words.
- 8. How to Paraphrase? Read the passage carefully. Identify the main ideas of the passage. Identify important words or phrases. Put the main points in your own words.
- 9. Points to Remember in Paraphrasing? Always use your own words and your own sentence structure. Write in a style that is natural to you. Do not change the essential nature of what the writer is saying - it is the writer's point of view that you are writing about. Although you need not put quotation marks around a paraphrased passage, you must give a citation in the appropriate form.
- 10. Original Passage "The criminal appeared to be of enormous girth. Indeed, he encountered such difficulty in maneuvering his massive frame through the front door of my apartment that I was enabled to telephone the local police before he had actually set foot in my humble residence!"
- 11. PARAPHRASED Passage The criminal was so overweight that he couldn't even squeeze through my front door! Before he even got into my apartment, I had time to call the police.
- 13. 1. 25% of adolescents who have one baby have a second baby within two years of the first baby's birth. ANALYSIS
- 14. 1. 25% of adolescents who have one baby have a second baby within two years of the first baby's birth. a. 25% of babies are born to mothers who are adolescents. b. One out of four adolescent mothers has another two babies before the first baby reaches his second birthday. c. A quarter of adolescent mothers gives birth when their first born is two. d. 25% of adolescent mothers become pregnant again when their first babies are two years old.
- 15. 2. It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans own 40% of the country's wealth. a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans. b. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the richest one percent will soon own 40% of the country's wealth. c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only 1% of Americans. d. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.
- 16. 3. The judge was relieved when the jury was finally ready to announce its verdict. a. When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was relieved. b. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict. c. The judge welcomed the prospect of an imminent verdict. d. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.
- 17. 4. Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults more than girls who did not. a. Women who witnessed the abuse of their mother as teens are more likely to become abusive adults. b. Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young are more likely to endure abuse themselves. c. Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children. d. Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more readily.
- 18. 5. Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent problems is important to write about. a. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write about their problems. b. Martha feels that writing about adolescent problems is worthwhile. c. Martha believes that the dream of most adolescents is to write something important. d. Martha thinks that adolescents can write about their problems.
- 19. 6: Original Passage: They have become part of our imaginations' landscape: the crusty Grinch who stole Christmas, gentle Horton the elephant, the Cat in the Hat, and the persistent Sam-I-Am with his green eggs and ham. All these and many more are the creations of Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known to generations of readers as Dr. Seuss. Since publishing his first children's book over fifty years ago, Geisel became perhaps the most successful writer in the whole field of children's literature.
- 20. Which of the following is paraphrased? a. Theodor Geissel, known by everyone as Dr. Seuss, has been publishing children’s books for over half a century. Because of characters Horton and Sam I Am, Dr. Seuss is the quintessential author in American children’ s literature. b. They have become part of our imaginations: the crusty Grinch who stole Christmas, gentle Horton the elephant, the Cat in the Hat, and the persistent Sam-I-Am. All these and many more are the creations of Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss. Since writing his first children's book over fifty years ago, Geisel became perhaps the best writer in the whole field of
- 21. 7: The adventuresome Cat in the Hat runs amok while Mother is away, leaving a horrible mess for the two astonished children who are so well behaved. The remarkable qualities of the story are its rhyme--done with only 223 words--and its quirky illustrations that are as silly as the tale itself.
- 22. Which of the following is paraphrased? a. The Cat in the Hat has many qualities that appeal to children. Using only 223 words and a catchy rhyme scheme, Dr. Seuss wrote the story of the naughty Cat in the Hat who gets himself into trouble. Children enjoy the adventurous story, and they can also learn to read because of the rhyming words. b. The crazy Cat in the Hat runs wild while Mother is away, leaving a mess for the two surprised children who are so well behaved. The remarkable qualities of the story are its rhyme--done with only 223 words--and its illustrations that are as silly as the tale itself.
- 23. Assignment number 1. The enormous, pungent, and extremely well marketed Maine Lobster Festival is held every late July in the state’s midcoast region, meaning the western side of Penobscot Bay, the nerve stem of Maine’s lobster industry. What’s called the midcoast runs from Owl’s Head and Thomaston in the south to Belfast in the north.
- 24. Paraphrasing Practice 2 Tourism and lobster are the midcoast region’s two main industries, and they’re both warm-weather enterprises, and the Maine Lobster Festival represents less an intersection of the industries than a deliberate collision, joyful and lucrative and
- 25. Techniques in Paraphrasing 1. Change a word from one part of speech to another. 2. Use Synonyms 3. Change numbers and percentages to different forms. 4. Change word order: this might include changing from active to passive voice or moving modifiers to different positions. 5. Use different definition structures. 6. Use different attribution signals. 7. Change the sentence structure and use different connecting words.
- 26. 1. Change a word from one part of speech to another. Original Sentence: Medical professor John Swanson says that global changes are influencing the spread of disease. Paraphrased Sentence: According to John Swanson, a professor of medicine, changes across the globe are causing diseases to spread (James, 2004).
- 27. 2. Use synonyms Original Sentence: The U.S. government declared that the AIDS crisis poses a national security threat. The announcement followed an intelligence report that found high rates of HIV infection could lead to widespread political destabilization. Paraphrased Sentence: The government of the United States announced that AIDS could harm the nation's security. The government warned the population after an important governmental study concluded that political problems could result from large numbers of people infected with HIV (Snell, 2005).
- 28. 3. Change numbers and percentages to different forms Original Sentence: Minority groups in the United States have been hit hardest by the epidemic. African Americans, who make up 13 percent of the U.S. population, accounted for 46 percent of the AIDS cases diagnosed in 1998. Paraphrased Sentence: The AIDS epidemic has mostly affected minorities in the United States. For example, in 1998, less than 15 percent of the total population was African, but almost half of the people diagnosed with AIDS in the United States that year were African America (Jenson, 2000).
- 29. 4. Change word order: this might include changing from active to passive voice or moving modifiers to different positions. Original Sentence : Angier (2001) reported that malaria kills more than one million people annually, the overwhelming majority of them children in sub-Saharan Africa. Paraphrased Sentence: Every year, more than a million people are killed by malaria, and most of the victims are children who live in sub-Saharan Africa (Angier, 2001).
- 30. 5. Use different definition structures Original Sentence: Lyme disease is an inflammatory disease caused by a bacterium transmitted by ticks (small bloodsucking arachnids that attach themselves to larger animals). The disease is usually characterized by a rash followed by flu-like symptoms, including fever, joint pain, and headache. Paraphrased Sentence: Lyme disease-a disease that causes swelling and redness-is caused by a bacterium carried by a small arachnid known as a tick. The ticks attach to and suck the blood of animals and humans, transferring some of the Lyme disease bacteria into their hosts and causing symptoms similar to the flu (Wald, 2005).
- 31. 6. Use different attribution signals Original Sentence: “That’s because there are so many different ways the diseases could have arrived,” veterinarian Mark Walters declared in his recent book, Six Modern Plagues. Paraphrased Sentence: According to Mark Walters, a veterinarian who wrote Six Modern Plagues, the disease could have arrived in numerous ways (Peterson, 2004).
- 32. 7. Change the sentence structure and use different connecting words Original Sentence: Although only about one-tenth of the world’s population lives there, sub-Saharan Africa remains the hardest hit region, accounting for 72 percent of the people infected with HIV during 2000. Paraphrased Sentence: Approximately 10 percent of the world’s population resides in sub-Saharan Africa. However, this area of the world has the highest percentage of AIDS-related illnesses. In fact, in 2000, almost three-fourths of the population had the HIV virus (Bunting, 2004).
- 33. TRUE OR FALSE 1. A summary is best copied from parts of the original so that it is sure to be accurate. 2. In summarizing or paraphrasing, when using the technical terms in the original material, quotation marks need not to be used. 3. When you use your own words in summarizing or paraphrasing, it is not necessarily to identify the material that you’re working on. 4. Paraphrasing is the same as interpretation. 5. A summary should include the examples, if any, cited in the material.
- 34. Paraphrasing Vs. Summarizing SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES WRITING TOOLS USE THE IDEAS OF OTHERS PROVIDE SUPPORT Summarizing Re-writing another writer’s words or ideas without changing the meaning Length stay the same. Paraphrasing Rewriting only the main idea in your own words. Length is always shorter.