Thesis Presentation

Flexible international exchanges: a possible solution for large – scale wind power integration within the future power system Author: Kostantinos Ntotas Supervisor: Willhelmus Kling EPS Department TU Delft

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Model Development 3. Simulation Set-Up 4. Simulation Results 5. Conclusions 6. Recommendations Flexible international exchanges: a possible solution for large – scale wind power integration within the future power system Nordel Power System

1. Introduction Power System Operating Principle => Generation = (Demand + Imbalances ) / hour / day / year => f = 50Hz The price of electricity is dependent on generation-mix, energy-demand and weather conditions varies / hour / day / year Automatic Generation Control (AGC) + Unit Commitment and Economic dispatch (UC-ED) important for: safe, reliable, economic operation

1. Introduction L I B E R A L I Z A T I O N Power System Operating Principle => Generation = (Demand + Imbalances ) / hour / day / year => f = 50Hz The price of electricity is dependent on generation-mix, energy-demand and weather conditions varies / hour / day / year Automatic Generation Control (AGC) + Unit Commitment and Economic dispatch (UC-ED) important for: safe, reliable, economic operation

Significant Challenges for the Planning and Operation of the future Power System: Renewable energy integration => Stochastic Generation Challenges: Power Balancing, Unused Renewable Energy Liberalization of power markets => Market Competition Challenges: Regulation Penalties, Reduced Profitability Environmental limitations => Need for Efficient Operation Challenges: Emission Penalties, Global Warming 1. Introduction Possible Large-Scale Solutions Electrical & Heat Energy Storage Flexible Market Design International Energy Exchange

Unit Commitment (UC) : the computational procedure, which combines regularly updated data of the generation portfolio state for making decisions in advance, upon: Which generators to start up When to connect them to the grid In which sequence the operating units should be shut down For how long 1. Introduction Hours MW Economic Dispatch (ED): The actual dispatch of electricity with a view to minimize the total system costs => by aggregating the output of the various generation technologies prioritized from lower to higher Marginal Cost (MC) Must run 0-cost resources Base load plants Flexible plant Peakers

Installed wind power capacity worldwide (2008) => 100 GW => almost 75 GW installed in Europe => 4% of total generation serves well enough 90 million residents 1. Introduction Global Installed Wind Capacity (GW) On-shore European Installed Wind Capacity (MW), 2007 However, the large-scale wind integration within the power system affects Power System operation and consequently UC-ED: Technical Impacts (minimum-load problems, power balancing etc) Economic Impacts (increases the operational cost of conventional generation) Environmental Impacts (emission increase of conventional generation)

Local impacts of large-scale wind integration => less noticeable when the electrical distance from the source increases => For investigation of system-wide impacts =>a global view is required Main Research Objective Development of a multi-area model that can simulate the physical and market coupling between the systems of W-UCTE and Nordel such that the impacts of international exchange in the large-scale wind power integration will be investigated Sub-objectives Extension of the W-UCTE simulation model with Nordel Development of annual hydro allocation method for reservoir scheduling, specific for PowrSym3 Various scenarios simulations with PowrSym3 Analysis 1. Introduction

2. Model Development W-UCTE Existing Model Generation Mix 2014 The studied year is 2014, 6 years ahead horizon. The existing model comprises: Validated models of 70 largest generation units in the Netherlands Representative models of generation plants in neighboring power systems for 2014 Load data for the W-UCTE operating areas (NL, DE, FR, BE, GB) Correlated Wind power data for the areas of NL (0-12 GW) and DE (32GW)

2. Model Development Nordic Power System NORNED Sub-marine HVDC cable Nordic Power System => Norway (NO), Sweden (SV), Finland (FI), Denmark-East (DKW). Denmark West (DKW) belongs to W-UCTE. The Transmission System Operator (TSO) is named Nordel. Its main tasks: To ensure the operational security of the power system and to maintain the power balance between supply demand To ensure the long term adequacy of the transmission system and to enhance the efficient functioning of the electricity market. Norway - The Netherlands linked through NORNED Start Operation: 08/05/08 Capacity: 700 MW Technology: HVDC Voltage: ± 450 kV Distance: 580 km Start Operation: 08/05/08 Capacity: 700 MW Technology: HVDC Voltage: ± 450 kV Distance: 580 km

2. Model Development Generation Mix Nordel, 2014 Installed Capacities, 2014 The final model configuration is presented here: 14.4 21.2 88.9 144.5 124.3 Total Demand (TWh/y) 2.6 3.7 14.8 26.5 21.6 Maximum Load 1.4 2.6 0.22 2.1 0.8 Wind Power 6.5 17.0 21.0 36.2 31.0 Total - - 1.9 2.7 - Other - - 3.4 18.5 30 Hydro 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 CCGT 4.3 14.1 8.1 1.2 - CCGT CHP 1.9 1.9 2.5 - - Coal - - 4.0 12.5 - Nuclear GW GW GW GW GW Denmark-E Denmark-W Finland Sweden Norway Technology

2. Model Development The modeling approach resulted in an extended model of the European Power System, appropriate for large-scale PS studies + W-UCTE Model Nordel Model West-European Model

3. Simulation Set-Up Simulation objective: To present an annual optimized UC-ED schedule, for a given scenario in 2014 Objective function: To minimize the total system operating costs and emission, while respecting the constraints PowrSym3 optimizes international exchange volumes of the respective power system configuration for the hour / week / annual horizon The results are reported into weekly and annually output files in a concentrated fashion, whereas the optimization has hourly resolution The simulation parameters are divided into technical and economic dimension: Technical Dimension ENS (Energy-Not-Served) SR Violations (SR: Spinning Reserves) Wasted Wind Energy (minimum-load) Energy exchange volumes Emission levels (ton/GJ) Economic Dimension Total operating costs (M€/year) per area and for the whole system Utilization factors of generation units Emission savings

Fixed import (TenneT QCP) Flexible International Exchange Wind and hydro have both zero-marginal cost => implicit competition during their integration within the power system Improvement of the model’s response from fixed import case (Quality Capacity Plan TenneT 2006-2012) to flexible international exchange in the simulations results 4. Simulation Results – Technical Dimension

The system has clearly large amounts of zero-cost energy (wind & hydro) => capacity factors of conventional generation (especially base load) in all areas are decreased The links between all areas are highly utilized =>Imports = Exports (no losses included – International exchange scheduling until moment of operation) 4. Simulation Results – Technical Dimension

4. Simulation Results – Economic Dimension The savings from wind power are much higher for isolated power systems Approximately 35% of the total costs savings realized in the Netherlands NORNED is a socio-economic factor of welfare

The marginal cost (MC) differences between neighboring power systems decrease with increasing transmission capacity Increased transmission capacities cannot offer proportionally higher economic benefits (operational cost savings) 4. Simulation Results – Economic Dimension Implementation of reservoir optimization strategy benefits both Norway and the Netherlands The cost savings seems to increase if the price difference is taken into account when hydro energy is scheduled

4. Simulation Results – Economic Dimension Wind power and NorNed lead to saving of significant amounts of CO2 Mtones The decrease from 04-08 GW is due to the higher capacity factor of off-shore Similar patterns are reported for SO2 and NOx

5. Conclusions (1) Regarding the modeling approach: + Reasonable first order representation of the power system under study Useful model for further development, valid approach Capable of producing optimum UC-ED schedules with various inputs of: inflow variation, reservoir optimization strategies, interconnection scenarios, wind power penetrations Simulation results explained well, show the correct operation of the power system - The hydro allocation is not optimized stochastically For now the simulation results may be used only in a comparative basis and not in absolute values The model cannot be validated

5. Conclusions (2) Regarding the large-scale integration of wind power in the Netherlands: Minimum-load situations during high wind – low load periods are expected to present the first technical integration limit for wind power The high correlation between Germany and Dutch wind will pose one more limitation (0.73) Wind power variations => integrated within the power system effectively => sufficient ramping capacity at all times An implicit competition between wind power from the Netherlands and specifically hydro power from Norway may be observed Wind and hydro resources are competing in the transmission level and the availability period of the resource Hydro reservoir optimization strategies, favor the system in terms of operational cost and emission savings Flexible international exchanges => flexible market design =>energy scheduled until the moment of operation => augments the integration of wind power => maximizes the link utilization

6. Recommendations Herewith are presented the recommendations for further research: For more accurate results => wind power of the Nordic countries for the future horizon should be estimated => taking into account correlations in time and space Replace technology specific records included in the database, if generation unit specific data are available Further model extension to include other important areas of the European power system such as Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Poland etc For a more realistic model, reservoir optimization logic to all modelled areas having hydro power in their generation portfolio For the decisions upon weekly hydro energy allocation in each area, a preprocessing tool should be developed The validity of the modelled system may increase if transmission bottlenecks present in each operating area are effectively included Validation of the total system => time-consuming / strenuous / necessary task; This research took some first steps on that direction => Validation should be furthermore continued

Thank you! Questions??? Flexible international exchanges: a possible solution for large – scale wind power integration within the future power system

Thesis Presentation

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (7)

Similar to Thesis Presentation (20)

Thesis Presentation