A 4 Days Site Visit Report on Green Building Constructing in DEI I Sustainable Development I Green Technology
- 1. Faculty of Engineering A 4 days Site Visit Report on green building constructing in DEI Gaurav Verma B.Tech, 2nd Year, Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra April, 2019 Submitted to: Mr. Faisal Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, FOE, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra gaurav170350@dei.ac.in gaurav170350@dei.ac.in https://www.linkedin.com/i n/gaurav-verma-5663b0174
- 2. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE WORK EXPERIENCE COURSE (B.Tech, 2nd Year, Civil) DAY: 1(April 2nd, 2019) Green Building Technology: Green technology, also known as sustainable technology, is one that has a “green” purpose. Green is a reference to nature, of course, but green technology, in general, is one that takes into account the long and short –term impact, an invention has on the environment. Green products are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green Building is one of the examples of the Green Technology. Green Building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and demolition. The green building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green Building Project in D.E.I.: Every year a competition of National level was going to be held for the Architecture Institutes from all over the India. As a result of participation in that competition, the initiation of Green Building in D.E.I. was proposed and it is being carried out. The structural members like columns of this building are made up of bamboos, the roof has a truss structure and the walls are going to be mud walls. A question must arises that how this green building is beneficial? Well, here are some points: 1. Low maintenance and operation cost. 2. Energy efficient. 3. Enhances indoor environment quality. 4. Reduces strain on natural resources. 5. Water efficient. Today’s learning: As of first day, today the reconnaissance of the construction site has been done - having a general idea about how the construction will going on and what have already been done till now. We saw the drawings – Plan, Front Elevation, Side Elevation, Truss Structure, Foundation Details and more about the building. The main things that we have learnt today are: 1. Measurements Taken : The following measurements have been taken today: • Diameter of Bamboos: They have varying diameters but the bamboos used in making columns are of 6-8cm dia. • Depth of Pool: 74cm. • Inner length of Pool: 758cm. • Inner width of Pool: 122cm. • Volumeof water in the Pool: 20cm*758cm*122cm. • Area of construction site: 15.9m*15.615m. • Roof height: 9’. 2. Materials Used in Construction: The following are the materials that are used: • Material for column: Treated Bamboo. • Material for truss structure: Sal wood. • Material for plate: Sagwan wood(used to tied the cluster at the top).
- 3. • 3. Knowing about the design of columns: The columns are made of treated bamboos and is a cluster of three bamboos jointed together longitudinally with the help of nuts, washers, and bolts (9inches in length). At the top of this cluster, the bamboos are joined together with a wooden plate (32cm*18cm) with the help of J-hooks threaded at the end. Cross-Section of the column showing how the 3 bamboos are fixed. Wooden plate tied the cluster of 3 bamboos at the top with the help of J- hooks. 4. Treatment of Bamboos: Bamboos should be treated in order to increase their life. There are a number of methods available by which bamboos are treated, but at site they are treated by Borax- Boric solution (10 kg Borax and 15 Kg Boric in 200ltrs of water). Holes of 3mm diameter are made by every two nodes and bamboos are soaked in this solution for about 15 days. The solution is made in the pool at the backside of the construction site. The treatment prevents the bamboos to attract form the ants and other insects. Mild steel rod embedded ½ or more meters deep. This bamboo is fitted into the steel rod. Cluster of 3 bamboos. Series of columns in middle row.
- 4. Pool in which bamboos are treated. 5. Faulty Constructions: Middle row columns are made up off some cracked bamboos. One of them was repaired today successfully. Some minor cracks in bamboos are filled by some adhesive so that these minor cracks doesn’t expands. What for the next day: Work for tomorrow will probably to emptying the pool and then filling this again with the solution. DAY: 2(April 3rd, 2019) Today’s aim was to finish the following tasks: 1) Filling the earthen soil in the pits to get a leveled surface in the floor area. 2) Sprinkling of water on the earthen soil for proper consolidation of soil in floor area. 3) After consolidation has been done, aggregates should be spread on it and ramming of this layer should also be done. 4) Varnishing of bamboo columns. 5) Emptying the pool containing Borax-Boric solution and filling it again. The task was to fill the pits by the earthen soil, sprinkling water on it for proper consolidation and after consolidation has been done spreading of aggregates should be done on it taken from the other site. But due to lack of tools the work has not been done. Instead, we only sprinkled water to the verandah portion only. Aggregates also were not taken to the site due to lack of tools and other equipments. Then, we have decided to do some other work. What we’ve decided is to emptying the pool. We were provided with a hammer and a chisel in order to make a hole at the bottom of pool so that the solution will be drained off. But the handle of hammer was broken during working and we were unable to make a hole for drainage of the Borax-Boric solution. Then, we’ve decided to empty it with the help of pipe. So, we have cut a pipe of about 4 meters in length in order to suck the solution from the pool. We have tried a lot but we were also not able to do that. Hence, only varnishing of columns has been done today. Today’s Learning: The two things that we learnt today are: • Proper planning should be done before doing any work. • Proper knowledge of what you are going to do is necessary.
- 5. DAY: 3(April 10th,2019) In this week, a lot of work has been done including filling of pits on ground, aggregate filling and preparing the base for flooring. In order to obtain the flat base for flooring, the following things have been on the site: 1. Pits are filled up by the earthen mass taken from the side of construction site with the help of trolleys and spades. 2. After filling of pits, consolidation of earthen mass has to be done. To do this, water in large quantity is made to flow on it and is then leave until it absorbs the water. 3. Then ramming has to be done by rammers. After ramming has been done stone ballasts (upto 65mm size) also known as “kacchi gitti” or “bolt” should be spread on the compacted soil and the layer should be rammed to a compacted thickness of about 3”(but generally 4”). Section of floor upto stone ballast layer. 4. Then a mixture of sand and cement in the ratio of 6:1 has been prepared and spread on the compacted stone ballast layer in order to fill up the voids between the stone ballasts and to interlock their surfaces. Water is then sprinkled on it in large quantity and ramming has been done in similar way. But ramming should be continued until free water comes on the compacted surface. Now according to the design requirements, P.C.C. (Plain Cement Concrete) of 10cm thickness should be laid on it. But due to mild steel rods in stock, this work is going to be done in R.C.C. (Reinforced Cement Concrete). For reinforcement purpose, mild steel rods of 8mm diameter are used and are laid as explained – The rod of required length has been cut and a mesh has been prepared. The mesh is of rectangular grids of size 10”x10”. It may vary from 10”x10” to 11”x11”. These rods are then tied with the help of thin wires of steel and are then laid on the prepared base. Varnishing the bamboos column.
- 6. Compaction of stone ballast layer. Water filled over the compacted stone ballast layer and cement-sand mixture. The mesh of mild steel rods should be laid to the full length and breadth of the floor. Square grids of mild steel rods (8mm diameter) of size 10”x10”. Hole made at the bottom of the tank to drain off the solution. Apart from these works, the pool containing Borax-Boric solution was also emptied by providing a hole at the bottom of the tank. The hole is made by broken the brick in the bottom part. A thing to be noted on the site is that the construction is being carried out without knowing about the structural requirements of the building. Such as- 1. Reinforcement: There is no need of providing reinforcement in the floor as the loads coming on the floor are only compressible ones. We can directly laid P.C.C. instead of R.C.C. 2. Stone Ballast: Stone ballasts are also not required as the load coming on the floor is not too much. We can directly P.C.C. on the compacted earthen soil.
- 7. DAY: 4(April 16th,2019) In this week, a lot of work has been done including flooring, Timber beam cutting, joining and fixing, treatment of bamboos and excavation of ground to make manhole up to the ground level. For flooring, concrete mix of 6:3:1(aggregate: sand: cement) has been prepared and optimum quantity of water is added to this mixture. The mix is then spread on the prepared base and allowed to set. Immediately after spreading, workers used to flatten its surface using wooden or metal float. After this, zigzag pattern has been done on its surface by some pointed tool. The main motto of making this zigzag pattern is to allow proper bonding between this surface and floor finishing. Concrete mix of proportion 6:3:1 Flatten floor over prepared base Timber beam of dimensions 9.8cmx6.4cmx303cm are joined to make the desired length by cutting their edges up to a length of about 50cm from one end. They are joined by adhesive(fevicol) and some holes are also drilled to fasten the two parts properly. Joined parts of timber beam by nuts and bolts Excavation of soil to take the manhole up to the floor level In order to treat more bamboos the bottom hole in the pool needs to be clogged. So, for this purpose the worker fitted a PVC pipe of about 1 inch diameter and is fitted using cement mortar. By doing this, we can now easily drained off the solution from the tank when needed. Solution of borax-boric has been made in the tank and bamboos are made to dipped in the tank for about one week. Apart from all these works, most of the timber beams are successfully fitted over the wooden plate placed over the columns.
- 8. Bamboos are treated by tapping the hole Some pictures from the site: Stone ballast spreaded on the compacted soil. Grinding the beams in order to smoothen the surface. Scaffolding provided to ease the construction at site. Timber beam of size 9.4cmX6.8cmX303cm going to be use in construction of truss. Zigzag pattern on the levelled surface
- 9. Ramming is being done after spreading cement and sand mixture. END Compacted prepared base. Empty Pool.