A framework for dynamic pricing electricity consumption patterns via time series clustering of consumer demand
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The document discusses a framework for dynamic electricity pricing based on time series clustering of consumer demand patterns to manage consumer expectations and utility supply. It emphasizes the complexities of consumer demand, strategies for segmenting power consumption, and modeling using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods. Additionally, it suggests that unique dynamic pricing strategies can be implemented to address peak demand and identify outlier consumption patterns.
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A framework for dynamic pricing electricity consumption patterns via time series clustering of consumer demand
- 1. 25th Annual Technical Conference - 2018 Author: Asoka Korale, Ph.D., C.Eng., MIET A Framework for Dynamic Pricing Electricity Consumption Patterns via Time Series Clustering of Consumer Demand
- 2. Introduction • Innovative strategies to manage Consumer Demand Smart Metering
- 3. Consumer Expectations and Service Levels in an Environment of Complex Solutions Expectation of High quality uninterrupted power supply Complex power trading arrangement between consumers and utilities Hybrid solutions including Solar and Battery Backup Complex and unique power consumption patterns
- 4. Challenges of meeting Dynamic Demand Generation & Distribution dimensioned to meet Peak Demand A typical Demand Pattern across Sectors High infrastructure cost to meet peak demand
- 5. Imperatives for Managing Consumer Demand Peak demand in a segment considerably higher than average Different segments have different patterns Managing Consumer Demand a key Strategy of the Utility Lower operating costs Lower infrastructure costs Lower / manage the risks of outages Ensure better quality of supply More predictable
- 6. Segmenting Household Power Consumption Patterns via Time Series Clustering Model underlying Stochastic Process AR, MA, ARMA, ARMA …. Model Based Clustering https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/r-data-analysis/9781786463500/ch36s03.html Time series as being generated by a random process
- 7. Hannan-Rissanen Algorithm to Estimate Parameters of ARMA(p,q) qnqnnpnpnn bbYaYaY ...... 1111 Initial parameter estimate as high order (m) pure AR process )( ... )1( .. )0(...)1( ......... )1(...r(0) 1 mr r rmr mr m npnmnn YYY ...11 Yule-Walker Equations to estimate AR parameters mnmnnn YYY ...11 Error term via pure high order AR process
- 8. Hannan-Rissanen Algorithm to Estimate parameters of ARMA(p,q) Least squares to estimate ARMA parameters mM mMMM TT 1 )( Populate matrix with lagged error terms estimated via pure AR process nnn YY ˆ which with some modifications can be put in the form forming a least squares estimate for the ARMA parameters qnqnpnpnn bbYaYaY ......ˆ 1111where qpn pn pn n q p qpnqpnqpn qnnpnn y y y y b b a a y yy ... ... ... ... 1 ... ...... 1 1 1 21 1 ]...[ 11 qp bbaa
- 9. Frequency Response from Pole Zero Map )( ]...a[1 ]...b[1 Y(z) 1 1 1 1 zE zaz zbz p p q q B(z) A(z) n nY Digital Signal Processing by Proakis and Manolakis H = Y(z)/E(z) as product of complex roots
- 10. log(MSE(p+q)) AIC(p+q) Model Order (p+q) Akaike Information Criteria Tradeoff between model complexity and prediction error AIC = log(error variance or sum of squared prediction error) + 2*(p+q) Minimum point of AIC curve gives optimum trade off between model complexity and variance in error
- 11. Conditions of the Sample Survey 104 power consumption patterns Each pattern an average over one month of weekdays 96 power measurements at 15 minute intervals in a day Households in the Rajagiriya Area Diverse sample of Households
- 12. Total System Power Consumption Pattern Two peak periods Peak a 66% increase over mean of considerable length: 2.5 Hrs & 3 Hrs Aggregate behavior less volatile 104 households at 15 minute intervals
- 13. ARMA Modeling of Power Consumption Patterns Time series of complexity ARMA(1,2) Clustering ARMA(1,2) Parameters Large majority in cluster Close correspondence between model parameters
- 14. Outlier Power Consumption Patterns of Complexity ARMA(3,4) Params: a1 a2 a3 1 b1 b2 b3 b4 ] [H1 #26: 0.8369 -0.7429 1.0646 1 0.8309 0.6752 0.5491 0.3363] [H2 #60: 0.9325 -0.8261 0.9477 1 0.8137 0.6589 0.5539 0.3765] Close match between ARMA parameters sets
- 15. Outlier Power Consumption Patterns – ARMA(3,4) Frequency Response close correspondence in response between two systems
- 16. Expected Temporal Behavior of Price Elasticity of Demand for Electricity Electricity Demand a time varying function Time of Day (Hrs) KW Greater inelasticity expected near peak demand Away from peak Nearer peak P1 Price Elasticity of Demand should vary with time of day, segment, demographics, location …
- 17. Peak Demand Pattern & Price Elasticity of Demand Determine change in Price needed to effect a change in Quantity Demanded Identify Peak Demand and Energy consumption to moderate demand Time of Day (Hrs) KW
- 18. Demand Modification Strategy Modified DemandPeak Consumption Pattern Time of Day (Hrs) KW Demand increases on either side of peak with lower pricesPrice increases with demand Amount consumed drops with increasing price Amount consumed increases with lower prices KW
- 19. Conclusion • Power patterns can be grouped by modeling as the result of an ARMA random process • Such groups exhibit fairly close correspondence in both time and frequency behavior • Strategies that take advantage of the group consumption pattern can be devised • Dynamic pricing strategies can be implemented to moderate the peak and even the load • Unique strategies can be devised catering to specific patterns (groups) of usage • Outlier power patterns can be detected providing insights to anomalous consumption behavior
- 20. THANK YOU