A Gentle Introduction to openFrameworks
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The document serves as an introduction to openFrameworks, highlighting its differences from Processing and the basic C++ concepts needed for development. It emphasizes the importance of understanding an IDE, writing C++ code, and utilizing openFrameworks libraries to effectively create applications. Additionally, it outlines the structure of an openFrameworks application and walks through the steps of coding and executing a sample program.
A Gentle Introduction to openFrameworks
- 1. a gentle introduction to openFrameworks Becky Stewart becky@theleadingzero.com beckystewart on slideshare
- 2. 2 rules for this session
- 3. If you ever feel overwhelmed with information, feel free to say
- 4. If you ever feel overwhelmed with information, feel free to say “Just tell me what to type.”
- 5. If you ever feel overwhelmed with information, feel free to say “Just tell me what to type.” If you ever want to know more or know why, feel free to say
- 6. If you ever feel overwhelmed with information, feel free to say “Just tell me what to type.” If you ever want to know more or know why, feel free to say “I want to know more.”
- 7. what we will cover
- 8. • How is openFrameworks different from Processing? • The structure of oF. • Basic C++ concepts to get you going. • Create a new openFrameworks application. • Add your own variables and functions.
- 9. The magic behind Processing and Arduino
- 10. Code You’ve Instructions for Written ? Computer Compiler Executable Program + (e.g. .exe or .app) Linker + Loader
- 11. Interactive Development Environment (IDE) Code You’ve Instructions for Written ? Computer Compiler Executable Program + (e.g. .exe or .app) Linker + Loader
- 12. An IDE like Processing or Arduino includes • text editor • compiler and linker • other tools to help you
- 13. openFrameworks does not have it’s own IDE. On Mac you use XCode.
- 14. To learn oF you need to know 3 things: • How to use an IDE • How to write C++ code • How to use openFrameworks libraries
- 15. To learn oF you need to know 3 things: • How to use an IDE • How to write C++ code • How to use openFrameworks libraries By far the easiest part.
- 16. oF anatomy
- 17. openFrameworks apps addons libs myapps addonsExamples examples polygonExample polygonExample.xcodeproj
- 18. Exercise Open polygonExample and run it.
- 19. Why do we have 3 files?
- 22. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from the jar 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, chopped 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped Drizzle balsamic vinegar 3 garlic cloves, crushed 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2 large glasses of red wine A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes into small pieces 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 23. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from the jar 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, chopped 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped Drizzle balsamic vinegar 3 garlic cloves, crushed 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2 large glasses of red wine A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes into small pieces 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 24. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from the jar 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, chopped 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped Drizzle balsamic vinegar 3 garlic cloves, crushed 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2 large glasses of red wine A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes into small pieces 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 25. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of the jar 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, We would be very irritated if fresh leaves, chopped chopped there was an ingredient needed, 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped 3 garlic cloves, crushed that wasn’t included here. Drizzle balsamic vinegar 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2 large glasses of red wine A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes into small pieces 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 26. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of the jar 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, We would be very irritated if fresh leaves, chopped chopped there was an ingredient needed, 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped 3 garlic cloves, crushed that wasn’t included here. Drizzle balsamic vinegar 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef The units used to describe the amount 2 large glasses of red wine Salt and freshly ground black pepper A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn of the ingredients varies according to 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, into small pieces 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti the culture of the person cooking. drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 27. 2 tbsp olive oil or sun-dried tomato oil from 1 tsp dried oregano or a small handful of the jar 6 rashers of smoked streaky bacon, We would be very irritated if fresh leaves, chopped chopped there was an ingredient needed, 1 tsp dried thyme or a small handful of fresh leaves, chopped 2 large onions, chopped 3 garlic cloves, crushed that wasn’t included here. Drizzle balsamic vinegar 12-14 sun-dried tomato halves, in oil 1kg/2¼lb lean minced beef The units used to describe the amount 2 large glasses of red wine Salt and freshly ground black pepper A good handful of fresh basil leaves, torn of the ingredients varies according to 2x400g cans chopped tomatoes 1x290g jar antipasti marinated mushrooms, into small pieces 800g-1kg/1¾-2¼lb dried spaghetti the culture of the person cooking. drained Lots of freshly grated parmesan, to serve 2 fresh or dried bay leaves 1. Heat the oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and fry the bacon until golden over a medium heat. Add the onions and garlic, frying until softened. Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Fry it until it has browned, breaking down any chunks of meat with a wooden spoon. Pour in the wine and boil until it has reduced in volume by about a third. Reduce the temperature and stir in the tomatoes, drained It’s easier to follow the directions when mushrooms, bay leaves, oregano, thyme and balsamic vinegar. you don’t have to list the amounts of 2. Either blitz the sun-dried tomatoes in a small blender with a little of the oil to loosen, or just finely chop before adding to the pan. Season well with salt and pepper. Cover with a lid and simmer the Bolognese ingredients within the directions. sauce over a gentle heat for 1-1½ hours until it's rich and thickened, stirring occasionally. At the end of the cooking time, stir in the basil and add any extra seasoning if necessary. 3. Remove from the heat to 'settle' while you cook the spaghetti in plenty of boiling salted water (for the time stated on the packet). Drain and divide between warmed plates. Scatter a little parmesan over the spaghetti before adding a good ladleful of the Bolognese sauce, finishing with a scattering of more cheese and a twist of black http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spaghettibolognese_67868
- 28. Processing float x; float y; float width; float height; x = 150; y = 100; width = 90; height = 80; ellipse(x, y, width, height);
- 29. Processing float x; float y; ingredients or variables float width; float height; x = 150; y = 100; width = 90; height = 80; ellipse(x, y, width, height);
- 30. Processing float x; float y; ingredients or variables float width; float height; x = 150; y = 100; width = 90; directions or algorithm height = 80; ellipse(x, y, width, height);
- 31. Processing data type float x; float y; ingredients or variables float width; float height; x = 150; y = 100; width = 90; directions or algorithm height = 80; ellipse(x, y, width, height);
- 32. Processing data type variable name float x; float y; ingredients or variables float width; float height; x = 150; y = 100; width = 90; directions or algorithm height = 80; ellipse(x, y, width, height);
- 33. Declaration vs Initialisation As in a recipe, ingredients need to be listed at the top so you know what to buy. In code, it’s so the compiler knows how much memory to reserve. This is called declaring.
- 34. Declaration vs Initialisation As in a recipe, ingredients need to be listed at the top so you know what to buy. In code, it’s so the compiler knows how much memory to reserve. This is called declaring. int myInt; Reserve space for an int
- 35. Declaration vs Initialisation As in a recipe, ingredients need We don’t have to know what to be listed at the top so you value will be stored in myInt know what to buy. right away. In code, it’s so the compiler We can choose a value later. knows how much memory to This is called initialising. reserve. This is called declaring. int myInt; Reserve space for an int
- 36. Declaration vs Initialisation As in a recipe, ingredients need We don’t have to know what to be listed at the top so you value will be stored in myInt know what to buy. right away. In code, it’s so the compiler We can choose a value later. knows how much memory to This is called initialising. reserve. This is called declaring. int myInt; myInt = 15; Reserve space for Store the value 15 in the an int space reserved for myInt 15
- 37. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation.
- 38. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation. myInt = 3; int myInt;
- 39. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation. myInt = 3; int myInt; int myInt; myInt = 3;
- 40. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation. myInt = 3; int myInt; int myInt; myInt = 3; Can’t use a variable before it is initialised.
- 41. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation. myInt = 3; int myInt; int myInt; myInt = 3; Can’t use a variable before it is initialised. int myInt; myInt = myInt + 7;
- 42. Need to declare before or at the same time as initialisation. myInt = 3; int myInt; int myInt; myInt = 3; Can’t use a variable before it is initialised. int myInt; int myInt = 3; myInt = myInt + 7; myInt = myInt + 7;
- 43. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. float int char
- 44. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float int char
- 45. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int char
- 46. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char
- 47. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules.
- 48. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules. float scale; int redValue; char finalMark;
- 49. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules. float scale; you get to choose int redValue; the name char finalMark;
- 50. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules. float scale; you get to choose int redValue; the name char finalMark; 3.If you already know what the value of that variable is, then go ahead and set the value.
- 51. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules. float scale; you get to choose int redValue; the name char finalMark; 3.If you already know what the value of that variable is, then go ahead and set the value. float scale = 0.5; int redValue = 199; char finalMark = ‘B’;
- 52. To create a variable 1.Decide what the data type should be. to create a float type float to create an int type int to create a char type char 2.Decide on a name for your variable. Remember the rules. float scale; you get to choose int redValue; the name char finalMark; 3.If you already know what the value of that variable is, then go ahead and set the value. if you don’t know the float scale = 0.5; value yet, stop at step 2. int redValue = 199; but remember to end char finalMark = ‘B’; each line with a ;
- 53. In Processing, the declarations are at the top of the file. In openFrameworks, the declarations are in a separate file (testApp.h, the header file). This file is included in main.cpp.
- 54. main functions
- 55. Every program has a main function. It’s the starting point. It’s hidden in Processing, but exposed in openFrameworks in main.cpp. Defines: the window size ofAppGlutWindow window; ofSetupOpenGL(&window, 1024,768, OF_WINDOW); and your application class ofRunApp( new testApp());
- 56. Exercise Create a copy of emptyExample in your myapps folder. Rename the folder and .xcodeproj file. Open the project. Rename the target. Make sure it builds and runs.
- 57. openFrameworks
- 58. • Really similar functionality as Processing. • Fully documented here: • http://www.openframeworks.cc/documentation
- 59. Exercise Open your new empty project. Create a purple circle in the center of the window. Move the center of the circle to where you click within the window.
- 60. Why do I use oF over Processing? • Speed • Accessibility of low level information • Debugger • C++ • Version control
- 61. what is OOP? it sounds sticky
- 62. main.cpp myApp myApp.cpp myApp.h oscHandler.h textButton.h oscHandler textButton oscHandler.cpp textButton.cpp
- 63. main.cpp myOtherApp myOtherApp.cpp myOtherApp.h oscHandler.h textButton.h oscHandler textButton oscHandler.cpp textButton.cpp