A good ppt on hydrogen production method
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This document summarizes renewable pathways for hydrogen production presented by Dr. Robert Remick of NREL. It discusses several pathways including electrolysis using solar, wind, geothermal and hydro power. Additional pathways include non-PV solar methods, biomass fermentation and gasification, and solar thermochemical cycles. Barriers to implementation include high costs compared to conventional fuels and technical challenges. NREL supports DOE goals for the cost of hydrogen production to enable its use as a transportation fuel. Further development is needed to bring costs down and establish hydrogen infrastructure and markets.
![Fuel Costs per Mile
Assumptions: Gasoline = $2.90/gallon; Ethanol = $1.50/gallon; PV = 20 cents/kWh for 7 hours/day; Wind = 5 cents/kWh for 12 hours/day;
Gasoline-HEV fuel economy = 1.45 X ICEV; H2-HEV fuel economy = 1.71 x ICEV; FCV fuel economy = 2.38 X ICEV
[DOE cost parameters: 11% annual capital recovery, 90% capacity factor, NG = $3.97/MBTU (HHV), Electricity= 7 cents/kWh]
Renewable
Hydrogen
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A good ppt on hydrogen production method
- 1. Many Pathways to Renewable Hydrogen presented at Power Gen: Renewable Energy & Fuels 2008 by Dr. Robert J. Remick NREL Center Director Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center NREL/PR-560-42691 Presented at POWER-GEN Renewable Energy and Fuels 2008 conference held February 19-21, 2008 in Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 2. Why Renewable Hydrogen? • Virtually any primary energy source can be turned into hydrogen opening up the possibility of hydrogen becoming a universal fuel. • Renewable Hydrogen contributes to our National energy objectives • Using hydrogen as an energy vector helps mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources by providing opportunities for storage. Energy Security Environmental Stewardship Economic Competitiveness
- 4. Non-PV Solar Pathways heat rochemica l Photoelect Photobiological High Temperature Thermochemical Cycle
- 6. Hydrogen Potential from Renewables
- 7. Barriers to Implementation • General / Marketplace – Viewed as long term – 20 to 30 years out – Hydrogen use viewed with trepidation by public – Current hydrogen production costs higher than conventional fuels • Technological – Numerous technical challenges for each of the renewable pathways – Limited industry interest and investment in R&D
- 8. NREL Supports DOE’s Hydrogen Program Goals for 2015 Production Onboard Storage Fuel Cell $2.00 - 3.00/kg (pathway independent) 300 mile range $30/kw
- 9. NREL Hydrogen Technology Thrusts Hydrogen production Hydrogen delivery Hydrogen storage Hydrogen manufacturing Fuel cells Technology validation Safety, codes, & standards Analysis
- 10. H2 Production: Photoelectrochemical Photoelectrochemical materials are specialized semiconductors that use energy from sunlight to dissociate water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Work involves identifying and developing durable and efficient photoelectrochemical materials, devices, and systems.
- 11. Semiconducting Materials Research • Targeted material characteristics – Band gap absorbs major portion of solar spectra – Durable (10-year lifetime) in aqueous solution – Able to drive water-splitting reaction • Current materials under consideration 2 3 – Metal oxides (TiO , WO , Fe2O3, ZnO) – Group III-V materials (GaInP2, GaNP) – Thin films (SiC, CuInSSe, SiN) 1.23 eV 1.6-1.7 eV p-type Semiconductor Eg Counter Electrode H2O/H2 H O/O 2 2 Electron Energy i
- 12. H2 Production: Photobiological Hydrogen is produced from water using sunlight and specialized microorganisms such as green algae and cyanobacteria. These microorganisms consume water and photoproduce hydrogen as a byproduct of their natural metabolic processes.
- 13. H2 Production: Fermentation Fermentation technologies are used to convert renewable biomass resources such as corn stover, sugarcane residue, and switch grass into hydrogen. Work is investigating the direct fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose as feedstock for hydrogen production.
- 14. Hydrogen Production from Corn Stover H2 molar yield: 2.8 260 ml H2/ hr / reactor Steam explosion Hemicellulose Lignocellulose Clostridium thermocellum Sewage sludge H2 molar yield: 2.2 45 ml H2/ hr / reactor
- 15. H2 Production: Biomass Pyrolysis Biomass pyrolysis produces a liquid product—bio-oil—that contains a wide spectrum of components that can be efficiently produced, stored, and shipped to a site for renewable hydrogen production.
- 16. H2 Production: Biomass Gasification Biomass is converted into syngas—a gaseous mixture of CO, hydrogen, and other compounds—by applying heat in the presence of steam and oxygen. Work is addressing gasification yields, gas compositions, and contaminant removal for centralized hydrogen production.
- 17. H2 Production: Solar Thermochemical A solar concentrator uses mirrors to capture and focus sunlight to produce temperatures up to 2,000°C. This high-temperature heat drives thermochemical water- splitting reactions that produce hydrogen.
- 18. DOE Top-Level Cost Goals Goal Year 2012 2017 2018 Distributed reformation of biomass-derived renewable liquids $3.80/gge (delivered, untaxed) at the pump <$3.00/gge (delivered, untaxed) at the pump Distributed electrolysis $3.70/gge (delivered) <$3.00/gge (delivered) Central wind electrolysis $3.10/gge at plant gate ($4.80/gge delivered) <$2.00/gge at plant gate (<$3.00/gge delivered) Biomass gasification $1.60/gge at the plant gate (<$3.30/gge delivered) $1.10/gge at the plant gate ($2.10/gge delivered) High-temp Solar thermochemical cycles $3.00/gge at the plant gate ($4.00/gge delivered) Verify the potential to be competitive in the long term Photoelectrochemical and photobiological Verify the feasibility to be competitive in the long term
- 19. H2A Cash Flow Model • http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_analysis.html
- 20. H2A Production Cases (Currently Available on Web) Central Production of Hydrogen (>50,000 kg/day of hydrogen) – Coal: Hydrogen Production w CO2 Sequestration – Coal: Hydrogen Production w/o CO2 Sequestration – Natural Gas: Hydrogen Production w CO2 Sequestration – Natural Gas: Hydrogen Production w/o CO2 Sequestration – Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen Production – Wind Electrolysis: Hydrogen Production only – Wind Electrolysis: Hydrogen and Electricity Production Forecourt Production of Hydrogen – Natural Gas Reforming (100 kg/day) – Natural Gas Reforming (1500 kg/day) – Electrolysis via Grid (100 kg/day) – Electrolysis via Grid (1500 kg/day)
- 21. Fuel Costs per Mile Assumptions: Gasoline = $2.90/gallon; Ethanol = $1.50/gallon; PV = 20 cents/kWh for 7 hours/day; Wind = 5 cents/kWh for 12 hours/day; Gasoline-HEV fuel economy = 1.45 X ICEV; H2-HEV fuel economy = 1.71 x ICEV; FCV fuel economy = 2.38 X ICEV [DOE cost parameters: 11% annual capital recovery, 90% capacity factor, NG = $3.97/MBTU (HHV), Electricity= 7 cents/kWh] Renewable Hydrogen Options
- 22. Way Ahead • Need for more H2 users to stimulate market – Stationary/portable fuel cell users – Fuel Cell vehicles and transit buses – Federal/State governments in role of early adopters • More industry involvement in demos and R&D • Federal/State policies and incentives • Universal set of Codes and Standards • Ramp up education efforts – C&S Officials – Federal & State officials (DOTs & EPAs) – First responders
- 23. Diverse Energy Sources . . .