A Mini-Project Embedded System Onon.pptx

A Mini-Project on
“SAFETY EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM”

AIM :
• Aim to reducing incident rates by maintaining safe and healthy conditions and standards. Foreseeing the
unsafe conditions and of rectifying them before accident occurs. To identify, assess and prevent hazards.
Reduce economic losses from injuries and Productive time.
• A vehicle safety emergency alert system is a technical solution that detects accidents and alert emergency
services and authorities. It can help reduce the number of accidents and save lives by enabling emergency
services to respond quickly.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
Fig 1 : Circuit Diagram

WORK PLAN :
 The project we made is a social emergency alert system by seeing daily movements of vehicles.
 Develop a system to detect emergencies (e.g., accidents, sudden stop, or mechanical failures).
 Automatically alert emergency services, nearby vehicles, or designated contacts.
 Enhance road safety through rapid response and real-time communication.
 Reduced response time to accidents.
 High accuracy in detecting emergencies.
 Positive user feedback and adoption rates.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED :
1. Ultrasonic Sensor
2. Battery
3. Piezo Buzzer
4. Jumper Wires
5. Microcontroller (Arduino uno)
6. LED
7. 220 Ohm Resistor

ULTRASONIC SENSOR :
• This device measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves and converts the
reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic
waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound.
• Ultrasonic sensors have two main components :
 Transmitter : Which emits the sound using piezo
electric crystals.
 Receiver : Which encounters the sound after it has
travelled to and from the target. Fig 2 : Ultrasonic sensor

BATTERY :
 A battery can be defined as an electrochemical device.
 Which can be charged with an electric current and discharged
whenever required.
 Batteries are usually devices that are made up of multiple
electrochemical cell.
 They are connected to external inputs and outputs. Batteries
are widely employed in order to power small electric devices
such as mobile phones, remotes, and flashlights.
• Batteries are used in power devices like flashlights, toys, and
remote controls.
Fig 3 : Battery

PIEZO BUZZER :
 The buzzer is the sounding device that can convert
audio signals into sound signals.
 It is usually powered by DC voltage.
 The piezoelectric buzzer uses the piezoelectric effect
of the piezoelectric ceramics and uses the pulse
current to drive the vibration of the metal plate to
generate sound.
 Some of the piezoelectric buzzers are also equipped
with light emitting diodes.
Fig 4 : Piezo Buzzer

JUMPER WIRES :
 A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric
circuits used for printed circuit boards.
 A jumper wire is a short length of conductor used to close, open or
bypass part of an electric circuit.
 The jump leads used to make the necessary temporary connections.
 Jumper wires are used for making connections between items on
your bread board and your Arduino’s header pins.
Fig 5 : Jumper wires

MICROCONTROLLER ARUDINO (UNO) :
 The Arduino uno is an open-source microcontroller board
based the microchip ATmega328p microcontroller and
developed by arduino.cc.
 The board has 14 digital I/o pins (six capable of PWM
outputs), 6 Analog I/o pins, and is programmable with the
Arduino IDE (integrated development environment), via a
type B USB cable.
 Arduino software (IDE) includes a serial monitor which
allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board. Fig 6 : Microcontroller (Arduino uno)

LED :
 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when
an electric current is passed through it.
 Light is produced when the particles that carry the current (known as electrons
and holes) combine together within the semiconductor material.
 The colour of light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined
by energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor.
 LED’s are transducers of electricity into light. They operate in reverse of
photodiodes, which convert light into electricity.
 Light-emitting diode (LED) is a widely used standard source of light in
electrical equipment.
Fig 7 : LED

220 OHM RESISTOR :
 A 220 ohm resistor is a small electronic component that controls
the flow of electricity in an electrical circuit.
 It’s a common resistance value in electronic circuits and is used to
protect other components from damage.
 A 220 ohm resistor is a middle-level resistor, meaning it doesn’t
block the current too much but also doesn’t let too much through.
Its often used in everyday electronics, such as when you connect
LED to a power source.
 The resistor helps make sure that LED doesn’t get more electricity
than it can handle.
 The 220 ohm resistor is simple to identify using coloured bands
printed on the part, which represents its value.
Fig 8 : 220 Ohm Resistor

SOFTWARE REQUIRED :
Arduino IDE
 The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in
functions from c and c++.
 It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, others vendor
development boards.
 The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring
projects, which provides many common input and output procedures.
 The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as
sketching.
Fig 9 : Arduino IDE

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES USED :
 Embedded c/c ++
 The microcontroller Arduino uno is programmed in such a way that whenever a vehicle comes too close to
ultrasonic sensor it activates the buzzer.

PROGRAM :
• duration=pulseIn(pingEchoPin,HIGH);
• cm=microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);
• if(cm<=50&&cm>0)
• {
• int d=map(cm,1,300,10,1000);
• digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
• digitalWrite(buz1,HIGH);
• delay(50);
• digitalWrite(led,LOW);
• digitalWrite(buz1,LOW);
• delay(d);
• }

• const int pingTrigPin = A4;
• const int pingEchoPin = A5;
• int led = 13;
• int buz1 = 9;
• void setup()
• {
• Serial.begin(9600);
• pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
• pinMode(buz1,OUTPUT);
• }
• void loop()

• {
• long duration,cm;
• pinMode(pingTrigPin,OUTPUT);
• digitalWrite(pingTrigPin,LOW);
• delayMicroseconds(2);
• digitalWrite(pingTrigPin,HIGH);
• delayMicroseconds(5);
• digitalWrite(pingTrigPin,LOW);
• pinMode(pingEchoPin,INPUT);
• Serial.print(cm);
• Serial.print("cm");
• Serial.println();
• delay(40);
• }

• long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)
• {
• return microseconds/29/2;
• }

ADVANTAGES :
 Improved response times
 Enhanced situational awareness
 Reduced confusion and panic
 Increased employee safety
 Improved business continuity
 Proactive risk mitigation
 Multi-channel communication
 Two-way communication
 Integration with other systems
 scalability

 This system is designed to detect and respond to potential vehicle accidents in real-
time.
 An Arduino-based safety emergency alert system can be concluded by noting that it can
help save lives and reduce the severity of injuries by quickly notifying emergency
services.
CONCLUSION :

A Mini-Project Embedded System Onon.pptx

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