A Novel Approach for Size Reduction in Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Slots for Gsm Applications

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 804
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SIZE REDUCTION IN RECTANGULAR
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING SLOTS FOR GSM APPLICATIONS
Prashant Gola1, Anshul Agarwal2
1 Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior,
Madhya Pradesh, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior,
Madhya Pradesh, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- As an important design perspective, the
demand of size reduction of low frequency antennas is the
main development of communication engineering with
integration technology. For this type of purpose, the design
is to focus on the reduction of rectangular microstrip patch
antenna. In the design, a microstrip patch antenna on a
resonant frequency of 3.11GHz without using slots. While
using slots the design of the microstrip patch antenna works
on a resonant frequency of 0.932GHz. A frequency shift of
3.11GHz to 0.932GHz is observes in this paper. The
miniaturization of 89% is the main contribution of this
paper, which is very encouraging.
Keywords: Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna (RMPA),
Return Loss (RL), Miniaturization, Defected Ground
structure (DGS).
1. INTRODUCTION
With the advantage of being low cost, low profile, light
weight, ease of fabrication, small size and capable of being
integrated on planar and non-planar surfaces and as well
as VLSI design, the demand of microstrip antennas for
wireless based applications for commercial
communication increases. The idea of microstrip patch
antenna is traced in 1953. In recent years, with the help of
low frequency, small size antennas have drawn much
interest from researchers[1]. For reducing the size of
antenna, many techniques or miniaturization process is
being used, such as using of slot on a patch, defected
ground structure (DGS), di-electric substrate of high
frequency. RMPA is generally having a conducting patch
which is made up of PEC as shown in figure 1, printed on a
ground substrate[2] [3]. To miniaturize the rectangular
microstrip antenna slots are used. The present work deals
with the design and analysis of a rectangular microstrip
antenna for GSM Communication and applications. Initially
the antenna is designed for a resonant frequency of
3.11GHz and while using of slots, the resonant frequency is
brought down to 0.932GHz. So, a size reduction of 89% is
achieved.
Figure 1: A Basic Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna
2. DESIGN PROCEDURE, FORMULATION &
SIMULATION
A. Desired Parametric Analysis[4]:
a) Calculation of Width(W)

√
√ √
--- (1)
b) Effective dielectric constant is calculated from:
(
√
)
--- (2)
c)The actual length of the Patch (L)
--- (3)
Where,
√
--- (4)
d) Calculation of Length Extension
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
--- (5)
Where,
c = free space velocity of light,
= Dielectric constant of substrate
h = height of dielectric substrate
= Effective length
= Resonating frequency
L= Length of patch
W= Width of patch
= Effective dielectric constant
3. ANTENNA SPECIFICATION
Computer Simulation Technology (CST-MSW) 2010
software is the software for designing and simulating
the desired antenna. CST MSW helps in fast and
accurate analysis of high frequency devices such as
antennas, couplers and filters. Apart from that CST
MSW is one of the specialized tool for 3D simulation of
high frequency devices or antenna .CST microwave
studio is ultimate software to simulate the design, as
this software is desirable for 1D, 2D and 3D platform
in simulating a full wave simulation and other
specifications. [4]
Length of ground= 30mm
Width of ground= 30mm
Length of dielectric substrate= 30mm
Width of dielectric substrate= 30mm
Length of rectangular patch= 22.779mm
Width of rectangular patch= 29.53
Dielectric constant of substrate= 4.3
Height of dielectric substrate= 1.6mm
Free space velocity of light= 2.99*
Resonating frequency= 3.118GHz
4. RESULT
A microstrip patch antenna without slots and with
slots is shown in figure 2 and 3. As below in figure 2,
the discrete point is taken as (-5,-5).
Figure 2: A Rectangular microstrip patch antenna
without slots
Figure 3: A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with
slots
The return loss of the rectangular microstrip patch
antenna without slots and with slots is shown in figure 4
and figure 5

Figure 4: Return Loss without slots
Figure 5 : Return Loss with slots
With the help of three slots, the size reduction from
3.11GHz to 0.932GHz frequency takes place which is used
for GSM module and applications. A T- shaped slot is
produced on the patch is the slot 1. The length of the upper
T-shaped slot is 6mm and the width of the T-shaped slot is
7.5mm. Slot 1 and slot 2 is the combination of the T-shaped
slot as shown in figure 5.3.2. The length of lower T-shaped
slot is 3.89mm and width is 27mm. And the final slot 3 is
produced just below the T-shaped slot whose length is
9.8mm and width is 9.5mm, to get the final result and the
final frequency which is 0.932GHz which is used for GSM
applications. The measurement of length and width of the
following slots is shown in table 1
Table 1: Slots of rectangular microstrip
patch antenna
S.no Components
(Slots)
Length Width
1. A T- shaped
slot
6mm 7.5mm
2. A lower part of
T- shaped slot
3.89mm 27mm
3. A rectangular
slot below the
T- shaped slot
9.8mm 9.5mm
Figure 7: Gain at 0.932GHz
Figure 8: Directivity at 0.932GHz

Gain of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna at
0.932GHz is shown in figure 7 , Directivity of a rectangular
microstrip patch antenna at 0.932GHz in figure 8.
5. CONCLUSION
As already discussed above, the purpose of the paper
provides a size reduction in rectangular microstrip patch
antenna. With the help of slots, the design of rectangular
microstrip patch antenna is carried out in this work.
Finally a small size and an efficient rectangular microstrip
patch antenna at an operating frequency of 0.932GHz . A
size reduction of about 89% and shifting of resonant
frequency from 3.11GHz to 0.932GHz with -34.71 dB
return loss fascinating the antenna to be used for GSM
wireless applications.
REFERENCES
[1] K.L. wong and T.W. chiou, “Design of compact
microstrip antennas with slotted ground plane”,
In:proceeding of the IEEE antenna and propagation
society international symposium, Vol.2, Boston, MA, 2001,
pp.732-735
[2] H.D. Chen, “compact circularly polarized microstrip
antenna with slotted ground plate “, electron let 34, 2002,
pp.616-617
[3] Ping Jack Soh, Guy A. E Vandenbosch, Soo Liam Ooi,
“Design of a Broadband All-Textile Slotted PIFA by CST”,
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.60,
Issue: 1, January 2012, pp. 379-384.
[3] A.K. Skivernilk, J.R. Mosig and Zurcher O. staub, “PCS
Antenna Design: The challenges of Miniatururization”,
IEEE Antenna Propagation Magazine, 43(4), pp. 12-27,
August 2011M, 1989
[4] https://www.cst.com/Products/CSTS2

A Novel Approach for Size Reduction in Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Slots for Gsm Applications

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