IRJET - Designing of Rectangular Patch Antenna Using CST designing Suite
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This document describes the design of a rectangular patch antenna using CST simulation software. It discusses the steps taken to design the antenna, which included selecting parameters like substrate material and dimensions, resonant frequency, and transmission line width. The designed antenna has a length of 150mm and width of 140mm. Simulation results found the reflection coefficient was -28.616dB at a resonant frequency of 1.2636GHz. The VSWR was calculated to be 1.0725 at 1.264GHz. The characteristics impedance was determined to be between 49.1-49.4 ohms. In conclusion, the antenna was successfully simulated in CST and met design specifications.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1894
Designing of Rectangular Patch Antenna Using CST designing Suite
Vickey Kumar Sahu1, Suraj Kumar2, Bhawna Kalra3
1Student, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajasthan, India
2Student, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajasthan, India
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Rajasthan, India
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Abstract - An antenna with a low profile as a radio antenna
which is mounted on a flat surface. Normally rectangular
antenna is obtained by folding a patch antenna into a
rectangular waveguide shape. Through this antenna size is
greatly decreased. At the radio frequency 2-4 GHz, Vertical
and horizontal length of an antenna is 150 mm and 140 mm
respectively. The rectangular patch antenna is designed
using the CST designing technique. Antenna resonant
frequency is 1.2636 GHz, reflection coefficient is less than -28,
for the frequency range of 2 GHz to 4 GHz. The substrate used
in this antenna design is made up from FR4 material with
dielectric constant is 4.4. With the help of particular length
(35 mm) and width (3 mm) of a transmission line
rectangular patch antenna various parameter excited for
example S parameter, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR),
and characteristic impedance.
1. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular and
frequently used antenna in wireless communication, due to
its structure, light weight, small size, and low
manufacturing cost and can be easily assemble in
microwave circuits [1]. Microstrip antenna consists of
mainly three parts ground plane substrate and patch. It is
very easy to analyse using the transmission line models
which are more and more accurate for thin substrates [2].
Figure -1: Rectangular patch antenna
Patch antenna is basically a directional antenna where the
main power beam is formed on the patch side and very
little radiation can be detected [3]. By using the
Lithography technique a patch antenna is built on a
dielectric substrate [4]. Microstrip have becomes more
appearing technology in mobile phone markets [5],
multiple band and ultra wide technology among the world.
It have been widely used in various applications including
short range communication, Radar, and positioning system
[6]. In this paper we design a microstrip rectangular patch
antenna by using a transmission line fading and get result
by simulation using CST software.
1.1. DESIGNING PROCEDURE AND FORMULATION
For the better performance of the patch antenna, it requires
impedance matching circuits. Input impedance of the patch
antenna is associated with (w/l) ratio. Which is given by
( ) ( )
The operating frequency is 2-4 GHz which has been
conceived utilizing the substrate FR4 of dielectric constant
= 4.4. The height and width of the substrate is 78 mm
and 78 mm [7] [8].
Steps for the development of rectangular patch antenna [9]:
Step1: Simplify and h of substrate, a desired resonant
frequency and the impedance of the feeding
transmission line.
Step2: Calculate width of patch by using
√ {W<L}
Where:
C = velocity of light (3 x 10^8 m/s)
Dielectric constant of the substrate
= resonant frequency of antenna
Step3: Effective dieletric constant
√
Step4: Effective length](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v7i2395-201121071057/85/IRJET-Designing-of-Rectangular-Patch-Antenna-Using-CST-designing-Suite-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1895
√
Step5: Extension length equation
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Step6: Length
L =
The patch dimensions is w = 3 mm * L = 50 mm
Feed dimension is * = 35 mm
The ground plane length and width is calculated as = 150
mm and = 140 mm respectively.
The rectangular patch antenna is designed with the help of
CST simulation software.
1.2. SIMULATION RESULTS
Design and results are done using the transmission line
fading:
A. The size of purposed patch antenna is 150, 140 mm (L,
W). The length of the fading line is 35 mm as shown in
figure 2. In this rectangular patch antenna design of 50 mm
and 3mm sizes are cut to form a rectangular shape
structure. The operated frequency of purposed antenna at
2-4 GHZ. The value of reflection coefficient is -28.616 dB at
operating frequency 1.2636 GHz as shown in figure 3. The
value of a VSWR is calculated at a particular frequency of
1.264 GHz and value of VSWR is 1.0725 as shown in figure
4. As shown in figure 5 the value of characteristics
impedance is 49.1 to 49.4 impedance/ ohm.
Figure -2: A rectangular microstrip patch antenna with slot
Figure -3: Reflection coefficient
Figure -4: Voltage standing wave ratio
Figure -5: Characteristics impedance
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
The simulated designed antenna is performed on CST
software. Its result is obtained at the range of 0-8 GHz for
transmission line fading. The reflection coefficient of
transmission line feeding is -28.616 dB and the value of
VSWR is 1.0725.
REFERENCES:
[1] B.K. Kumar, P.V.V. Kishore, K. Kumar Naik, Senior
Member, IEEE, “Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna
with X-slots for Wireless Communications,” 2018
ICICCT, 20-21 April, Coimbatore, India, 2018.
[2] Constantaine A Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and
Design, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
[3] X.Cheng, J. Shi, J. Kim, C. Kim, David E. Senior and Yong-
Kyu Yoon, “A Compact Self-Packaged Patch Antenna
Folded in Rectangular Waveguide Shape, ” 2011 IEEE,
3-8 July, Spokane, WA, USA, 2011.
[4] Sarkar, I., P. P. Sarkar, and S. K. Chowdhury, “A new
compact printed antenna for mobile communication,”
2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v7i2395-201121071057/85/IRJET-Designing-of-Rectangular-Patch-Antenna-Using-CST-designing-Suite-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1896
Conference, Loughborough, UK, November 16–17,
2009.
[5] James, J.R. and Hall, P.S.: “Handbook of Micro strip
Antennas”
[6] Dr. Y. Bhomia , Dr.V. Gupta , A. Bhardwaj , N. Akhtar, “
To Design and Simulate Microstrip Patch Antenna by
Line Feed, ” 2017 ICECTA, 21-23 Nov., Ras Al Khaimah,
United Arab Emirates, 2017.
[7] M. K. Taher A1-Nuaimi and William G. Whittow “On The
Miniaturization of Microstrip Line-Fed Slot Antenna
Using Various Slots,” Final author version. IEEE
Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
(LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 2011.
[8] Aruna Rani, R.K. Dawre “Design and Analysis of
Rectangular and U slotted Patch for Satellite
Communication” International Journal of Computer
Applications, December 2010.
[9] H. Werfelli, K. Tayari, M. Chaoui, M. Lahiani, H. Ghariani,
“Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna,”
2016 ATSIP, 21-23 March, Monastir, Tunisia 201](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v7i2395-201121071057/85/IRJET-Designing-of-Rectangular-Patch-Antenna-Using-CST-designing-Suite-3-320.jpg)
IRJET - Designing of Rectangular Patch Antenna Using CST designing Suite
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1894 Designing of Rectangular Patch Antenna Using CST designing Suite Vickey Kumar Sahu1, Suraj Kumar2, Bhawna Kalra3 1Student, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajasthan, India 2Student, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajasthan, India 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and comm., Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajasthan, India -----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - An antenna with a low profile as a radio antenna which is mounted on a flat surface. Normally rectangular antenna is obtained by folding a patch antenna into a rectangular waveguide shape. Through this antenna size is greatly decreased. At the radio frequency 2-4 GHz, Vertical and horizontal length of an antenna is 150 mm and 140 mm respectively. The rectangular patch antenna is designed using the CST designing technique. Antenna resonant frequency is 1.2636 GHz, reflection coefficient is less than -28, for the frequency range of 2 GHz to 4 GHz. The substrate used in this antenna design is made up from FR4 material with dielectric constant is 4.4. With the help of particular length (35 mm) and width (3 mm) of a transmission line rectangular patch antenna various parameter excited for example S parameter, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and characteristic impedance. 1. INTRODUCTION Microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular and frequently used antenna in wireless communication, due to its structure, light weight, small size, and low manufacturing cost and can be easily assemble in microwave circuits [1]. Microstrip antenna consists of mainly three parts ground plane substrate and patch. It is very easy to analyse using the transmission line models which are more and more accurate for thin substrates [2]. Figure -1: Rectangular patch antenna Patch antenna is basically a directional antenna where the main power beam is formed on the patch side and very little radiation can be detected [3]. By using the Lithography technique a patch antenna is built on a dielectric substrate [4]. Microstrip have becomes more appearing technology in mobile phone markets [5], multiple band and ultra wide technology among the world. It have been widely used in various applications including short range communication, Radar, and positioning system [6]. In this paper we design a microstrip rectangular patch antenna by using a transmission line fading and get result by simulation using CST software. 1.1. DESIGNING PROCEDURE AND FORMULATION For the better performance of the patch antenna, it requires impedance matching circuits. Input impedance of the patch antenna is associated with (w/l) ratio. Which is given by ( ) ( ) The operating frequency is 2-4 GHz which has been conceived utilizing the substrate FR4 of dielectric constant = 4.4. The height and width of the substrate is 78 mm and 78 mm [7] [8]. Steps for the development of rectangular patch antenna [9]: Step1: Simplify and h of substrate, a desired resonant frequency and the impedance of the feeding transmission line. Step2: Calculate width of patch by using √ {W<L} Where: C = velocity of light (3 x 10^8 m/s) Dielectric constant of the substrate = resonant frequency of antenna Step3: Effective dieletric constant √ Step4: Effective length
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1895 √ Step5: Extension length equation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Step6: Length L = The patch dimensions is w = 3 mm * L = 50 mm Feed dimension is * = 35 mm The ground plane length and width is calculated as = 150 mm and = 140 mm respectively. The rectangular patch antenna is designed with the help of CST simulation software. 1.2. SIMULATION RESULTS Design and results are done using the transmission line fading: A. The size of purposed patch antenna is 150, 140 mm (L, W). The length of the fading line is 35 mm as shown in figure 2. In this rectangular patch antenna design of 50 mm and 3mm sizes are cut to form a rectangular shape structure. The operated frequency of purposed antenna at 2-4 GHZ. The value of reflection coefficient is -28.616 dB at operating frequency 1.2636 GHz as shown in figure 3. The value of a VSWR is calculated at a particular frequency of 1.264 GHz and value of VSWR is 1.0725 as shown in figure 4. As shown in figure 5 the value of characteristics impedance is 49.1 to 49.4 impedance/ ohm. Figure -2: A rectangular microstrip patch antenna with slot Figure -3: Reflection coefficient Figure -4: Voltage standing wave ratio Figure -5: Characteristics impedance RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The simulated designed antenna is performed on CST software. Its result is obtained at the range of 0-8 GHz for transmission line fading. The reflection coefficient of transmission line feeding is -28.616 dB and the value of VSWR is 1.0725. REFERENCES: [1] B.K. Kumar, P.V.V. Kishore, K. Kumar Naik, Senior Member, IEEE, “Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna with X-slots for Wireless Communications,” 2018 ICICCT, 20-21 April, Coimbatore, India, 2018. [2] Constantaine A Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons. [3] X.Cheng, J. Shi, J. Kim, C. Kim, David E. Senior and Yong- Kyu Yoon, “A Compact Self-Packaged Patch Antenna Folded in Rectangular Waveguide Shape, ” 2011 IEEE, 3-8 July, Spokane, WA, USA, 2011. [4] Sarkar, I., P. P. Sarkar, and S. K. Chowdhury, “A new compact printed antenna for mobile communication,” 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1896 Conference, Loughborough, UK, November 16–17, 2009. [5] James, J.R. and Hall, P.S.: “Handbook of Micro strip Antennas” [6] Dr. Y. Bhomia , Dr.V. Gupta , A. Bhardwaj , N. Akhtar, “ To Design and Simulate Microstrip Patch Antenna by Line Feed, ” 2017 ICECTA, 21-23 Nov., Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, 2017. [7] M. K. Taher A1-Nuaimi and William G. Whittow “On The Miniaturization of Microstrip Line-Fed Slot Antenna Using Various Slots,” Final author version. IEEE Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 2011. [8] Aruna Rani, R.K. Dawre “Design and Analysis of Rectangular and U slotted Patch for Satellite Communication” International Journal of Computer Applications, December 2010. [9] H. Werfelli, K. Tayari, M. Chaoui, M. Lahiani, H. Ghariani, “Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna,” 2016 ATSIP, 21-23 March, Monastir, Tunisia 201