Design and Analysis of A Fractal Shaped Antenna Over A Meta Material
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The document describes the design and analysis of a fractal shaped antenna over a meta-material substrate. Specifically, it details the design of a Sierpinski fractal antenna with a thickness of 2mm using a meta-material substrate. Simulations were performed using ADS software to calculate parameters like gain, directivity, and efficiency over multiple iterations from 0-10GHz. The results showed the fractal antenna was able to achieve multiband behavior and performance comparable to traditional substrates but in a more compact size enabled by the fractal and meta-material design.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2053
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A FRACTAL SHAPED ANTENNA OVER A META
MATERIAL
P.V.S.K.chaithanya 1, sai nikilesh reddy A2, rajeshwarasethupathy N 3,Ribitha Elizabeth M4
1, 2, 3 Students, Department of ECE, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering college, Padur, Chennai -603 103
4Assistant professor, Department of ECE, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Padur, Chennai-603103
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The main aim of our project is to construct
antenna using fractal patterns in order to obtain
desired performance properties. Here are some of the
prevailing trends in the present day wireless devises
and they are reduce in physical size and multi-band
character. A reduction in physical size and multi-band
capability are thus important design requirements for
antennasinfuturewirelessdevices.Theusageoffractal
patterns in antenna design provides a simple and
efficientmethodforobtainingthedesiredcompactness.
A proof-of-concept fractal antennawasdesignedwitha
thickness of 2mm by keeping meta material as a
substrate. A compact, multi-band antennabasedonthe
sirenpinski fractal was designed to operate at 0 to 10.0
GHz. Simulations were performed using the software
packages i.e., ADS to calculate s-parameters like gain,
directivity etc.,. The design methodology used,
simulation and test results, as well as design
recommendations are presented.
1. INTRODUCTION
In modern era, man is the alter ego of luxury. A
device supporting WLAN, GPS, GPRS, Bluetooth and
many more devises have been used in our day to day
process. If an antenna is used for each andeverydevise
separately, the size of the desired device will become
infinity. Fractal antenna seemed to be the answer for
this demand. Now the question arises what a fractal
antenna is? Succinctly, anantennawithaself-similarity
design to enhance the perimeter of material under the
affect of electromagnetic radiationswithinagiventotal
surface area or volume is called as fractal antenna.
2. FRACTAL THEORY
In conventional micro-strip patch antennas,
multiband behavior was achieved by using multiple
radiating elements or reactively loadedpatchantennas
and the sameispossiblewithself-similaritypropertyin
case of fractal antennas. Basically, these antennas are
self-loading as capacitance and inductance are added
without use of any external components. As a result
they consistofvarious numberofresonantfrequencies.
3. SIRENPINSKI FRACTAL ANTENNA
The sirenpinski fractal antenna is a good example of
a self-similar antenna that shows multi-band behavior.
It shows several resonance bands. The stages of
construction of a fractal antenna are as show in the
figure. Initially an equilateral triangle and in the next
step the center triangle with vertices located at mid-
points of the sides of the former triangle are removed.
The triangular fractal is generated by continuous
iteration in this process, an infinite number of times.
Fig 1 Iterated sirenpinski[1] patch antenna
The fractal antenna is designed on the metamaterial
substrate a thickness of 2mm.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i3545-180104084239/85/Design-and-Analysis-of-A-Fractal-Shaped-Antenna-Over-A-Meta-Material-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2056
Return Loss of various substrate at different
frequencies:
Fig 14: Return loss of anteena using srr
Fig 15: Return loss to antenna using fr-4
Fig 16: Return loss by using air as a substrate
CONCLUSION:
The unique feature of this fractalmicrostrip
patch antenna is simple in its construction to get
higher performance.Inmanyapplicationsbasically
in water antenna,itisnecessarytodesignantennas
with very high directive characteristicstomeetthe
demand of long distance communication and the
most commonconfiguration tosatisfythisdemand
is the fractal shaped microstrip antenna.
For an fractal shaped antenna with less
thickness, the gain and directivity increased. However
observing the performance analysis of the three
mediums used in substrate we achieved the results.
Hence by using SRR material as a substrate we shrieked
the size of antenna from 25mm to 2mm and got the
same results as we got for fr-4 material.
Here designed fractal antennas covers
10GHz operating frequency and it would also be
possible to design the bands, operating any other
system such as in WLAN, WIMAX, WBAN or other
wireless systems, by changingthedimensionofthe
patch element.
References:
[1] International Journal of ComputerApplications
(0975 – 8887) Volume 75– No.8, August 2013 17
Design of Triangular and Plus Shaped Fractal
Antennas for Multi-Band Applications
M.Satyanaryana, Ph.D Associate Professor MVGR
College of Engg.,Md.Sirazuddin MVGR College of
Engg., P. Suma Prasanth MVGR College of Engg.,
V.V.SaiArun MVGR College of Engg.,
[2] InternationalJournalofTechnicalResearchand
Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163, www.ijtra.com
Volume 2, Issue 1 (jan-feb 2014), PP. 49-52
APPLICATIONS OF METAMATERIAL IN ANTENNA
ENGINEERING Mohit Anand Department of
Electrical Communication, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore-560012, India
[3] IEICE TRANS. ELECTRON., VOL.E89–C, NO.9
SEPTEMBER 2006 Richard W. ZIOLKOWSKI†a),
Nonmember
[4]. Design of singly split single ring resonator for
measurement of di electric constant of materials
using resonant method from university of gavle by
jabitha A.A in the year 2013.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i3545-180104084239/85/Design-and-Analysis-of-A-Fractal-Shaped-Antenna-Over-A-Meta-Material-4-320.jpg)
Design and Analysis of A Fractal Shaped Antenna Over A Meta Material
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2053 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A FRACTAL SHAPED ANTENNA OVER A META MATERIAL P.V.S.K.chaithanya 1, sai nikilesh reddy A2, rajeshwarasethupathy N 3,Ribitha Elizabeth M4 1, 2, 3 Students, Department of ECE, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering college, Padur, Chennai -603 103 4Assistant professor, Department of ECE, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Padur, Chennai-603103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The main aim of our project is to construct antenna using fractal patterns in order to obtain desired performance properties. Here are some of the prevailing trends in the present day wireless devises and they are reduce in physical size and multi-band character. A reduction in physical size and multi-band capability are thus important design requirements for antennasinfuturewirelessdevices.Theusageoffractal patterns in antenna design provides a simple and efficientmethodforobtainingthedesiredcompactness. A proof-of-concept fractal antennawasdesignedwitha thickness of 2mm by keeping meta material as a substrate. A compact, multi-band antennabasedonthe sirenpinski fractal was designed to operate at 0 to 10.0 GHz. Simulations were performed using the software packages i.e., ADS to calculate s-parameters like gain, directivity etc.,. The design methodology used, simulation and test results, as well as design recommendations are presented. 1. INTRODUCTION In modern era, man is the alter ego of luxury. A device supporting WLAN, GPS, GPRS, Bluetooth and many more devises have been used in our day to day process. If an antenna is used for each andeverydevise separately, the size of the desired device will become infinity. Fractal antenna seemed to be the answer for this demand. Now the question arises what a fractal antenna is? Succinctly, anantennawithaself-similarity design to enhance the perimeter of material under the affect of electromagnetic radiationswithinagiventotal surface area or volume is called as fractal antenna. 2. FRACTAL THEORY In conventional micro-strip patch antennas, multiband behavior was achieved by using multiple radiating elements or reactively loadedpatchantennas and the sameispossiblewithself-similaritypropertyin case of fractal antennas. Basically, these antennas are self-loading as capacitance and inductance are added without use of any external components. As a result they consistofvarious numberofresonantfrequencies. 3. SIRENPINSKI FRACTAL ANTENNA The sirenpinski fractal antenna is a good example of a self-similar antenna that shows multi-band behavior. It shows several resonance bands. The stages of construction of a fractal antenna are as show in the figure. Initially an equilateral triangle and in the next step the center triangle with vertices located at mid- points of the sides of the former triangle are removed. The triangular fractal is generated by continuous iteration in this process, an infinite number of times. Fig 1 Iterated sirenpinski[1] patch antenna The fractal antenna is designed on the metamaterial substrate a thickness of 2mm.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2054 4 . Sirenpinski fractal antenna design by using ADS: Fig 2: patch design in ads Fig 3: Checking out gain, directivity Fig 4: 3-d view of antenna Iteration 1: Sl.no Parameter Air 25mm Fr-4 25mm SRR 2mm 1 Frequency 1.667 1.667 1.765 2 Gain - 26.071 5.212 6.354 3 Directivity 8.335 5.237 6.382 4 Efficiency 0.36 99.436 99.375 Table 1 Frequency from 1.6 to 1.7 GHz Fig 5: Efficiency of antenna with srrassubstrate at 1.765 GHz in 1st iteration. Fig 6: Efficiency of antenna using fr-4 as a substrate with 1.667 GHz Fig 7: efficiency of antenna by using air at a frequency of 1.667 GHz Iteration 2: Slno Parameter Air 25mm Fr-4 25mm SRR 2mm 1 Frequency 6.667 5.462 5.119 2 Gain -5.674 6.144 6.3038 3 Directivity 8.535 6.618 6.33 4 Efficiency 3.739 99.913 99.397 Table 2 frequency from 5 to 6 GHz
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2055 Fig 8: the efficiency of srr at 5.119 GHz in 2nd iteration. Fig 9: Efficiency of antenna using fr-4 at a frequency of 5.467 GHz in 2nd iteration Fig 10: Efficiency of antenna by using air at a frequency of 6.667 GHz in 2nd iteration. Iteration 3: Table 3: Antenna parameters in between the frequency of 7 GHz to 8 GHz. Sl.no Parameter Air 25mm Fr-4 25mm SRR 2mm 1 Frequency 8.333 7.962 8.571 2 Gain -0.79 6.40 5.840 3 Directivity 8.172 6.42 5.86 4 Efficiency 12.675 99.449 99.55 Fig 11: Efficiency of antenna using srr at a frequency 8.5 GHz in 3rd iteration. Fig 12: Efficiency of antenna using fr-4 at a frequency of 7.962 GHz in 3rd iteration. Fig 13: Efficiency of antenna using air at a frequency 8.33 GHz in 3rd iteration.
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2056 Return Loss of various substrate at different frequencies: Fig 14: Return loss of anteena using srr Fig 15: Return loss to antenna using fr-4 Fig 16: Return loss by using air as a substrate CONCLUSION: The unique feature of this fractalmicrostrip patch antenna is simple in its construction to get higher performance.Inmanyapplicationsbasically in water antenna,itisnecessarytodesignantennas with very high directive characteristicstomeetthe demand of long distance communication and the most commonconfiguration tosatisfythisdemand is the fractal shaped microstrip antenna. For an fractal shaped antenna with less thickness, the gain and directivity increased. However observing the performance analysis of the three mediums used in substrate we achieved the results. Hence by using SRR material as a substrate we shrieked the size of antenna from 25mm to 2mm and got the same results as we got for fr-4 material. Here designed fractal antennas covers 10GHz operating frequency and it would also be possible to design the bands, operating any other system such as in WLAN, WIMAX, WBAN or other wireless systems, by changingthedimensionofthe patch element. References: [1] International Journal of ComputerApplications (0975 – 8887) Volume 75– No.8, August 2013 17 Design of Triangular and Plus Shaped Fractal Antennas for Multi-Band Applications M.Satyanaryana, Ph.D Associate Professor MVGR College of Engg.,Md.Sirazuddin MVGR College of Engg., P. Suma Prasanth MVGR College of Engg., V.V.SaiArun MVGR College of Engg., [2] InternationalJournalofTechnicalResearchand Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163, www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 1 (jan-feb 2014), PP. 49-52 APPLICATIONS OF METAMATERIAL IN ANTENNA ENGINEERING Mohit Anand Department of Electrical Communication, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India [3] IEICE TRANS. ELECTRON., VOL.E89–C, NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2006 Richard W. ZIOLKOWSKI†a), Nonmember [4]. Design of singly split single ring resonator for measurement of di electric constant of materials using resonant method from university of gavle by jabitha A.A in the year 2013.
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2057 BIOGRAPICS: P.V.S.K.CHAITHANYA was born in INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, 1996. Presently, pursuing final year B.E., of E.C.E in JEPPIAAR SRR engineering college. N.RAJESHWARASETHUPATHY was born in INDIA, Tamil nadu, 1995. Presently, pursuing final year B.E., of E.C.E in JEPPIAAR SRR engineering college. A.SAI NIKILESH REDDY was born in INDIA. Andhra Pradesh, 1996. Presently, pursuing final year B.E., of E.C.E in JEPPIAAR SRR engineering college.