Abstract & Interface
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The document discusses abstract classes and interfaces in Java. It defines abstract classes as classes that cannot be instantiated but can be sub-classed, and may contain abstract methods without implementations. Interfaces are defined to specify what a class must do without defining how, and allow for multiple inheritance in Java by implementing multiple interfaces. The document provides examples of defining abstract classes and interfaces, extending abstract classes, implementing interfaces, and comparing interfaces to abstract classes.
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VC
BB
Implementing Interfaces
Once an interface has been defined, one or
more classes can implement that interface.
To implement an interface, include the
implements clause in a class definition, and then
create the methods defined by the interface.
access class classname [extends superclass]
[implements interface [,interface...]]{
// class-body
}
15](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson5abstractinterface-121010212548-phpapp01/85/Abstract-Interface-15-320.jpg)
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VC
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References to Interfaces (cont’d)
Demo:
public class TestInterface {
public static void main(String[] args) {
IGreeting javaInterfaceExample =
new EnglishGreeting();
javaInterfaceExample.sayHello();
}
}
18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson5abstractinterface-121010212548-phpapp01/85/Abstract-Interface-18-320.jpg)
Abstract & Interface
- 1. JAVA ESSENTIAL TRAINING Abstract Class Interface Linh LeVan lelinh2302@gmail.com http://tinhocbk123.appspot.com/ 1
- 2. & VC BB Abstract Class An abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation (without braces, and followed by a semicolon), like this: public abstract double getArea(); An abstract class is a class that is declared abstract - it may or may not include abstract methods. Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, but they can be sub-classed. 2
- 3. & VC BB Abstract Class If a class includes abstract methods, the class itself must be declared abstract, as in: public abstract class GraphicObject { //declare fields // declare non-abstract methods abstract void draw(); } 3
- 4. & VC BB Extending an Abstract Class public abstract class LivingThing { public void breath() { System.out.println("Living Thing breathing..."); } public void eat() { System.out.println("Living Thing eating..."); } public abstract void walk(); } 4
- 5. & VC BB Extending an Abstract Class When a concrete class extends the LivingThing abstract class, it must implement the abstract method walk(), or else, that subclass will also become an abstract class, and therefore cannot be instantiated. For example, public class Human extends LivingThing { public void walk() { System.out.println("Human walks..."); } } 5
- 6. & VC BB Exercises Create an abstract class Figure having variables dim1,dim2 of double type and an abstract method area, then make two subclasses Rectangle and Triangle which will implement the area method. Create the abstract class reference variable, assign subclass objects to it and print the corresponding area. 6
- 7. & VC BB JAVA ESSENTIAL TRAINING INTERFACE 7
- 8. & VC BB Multiple inheritance problem! When we use the multiple inheritance, the child class object can access all the methods of its parent class. Whenever we declare an object of child class the system automatically loads all the methods and variables of its superclass into that object. But user generally does not work with all the methods simultaneously.so why the object loads all methods ,why not only required methods and variables. 8
- 9. & VC BB Interface solution For this drawback multiple inheritance is not included in java.so that we can declare only that much thing we require. Using interface, you can specify what a class must do, but not how it does it. 9
- 10. & VC BB Defining an Interface An interface is defined much like a class: access interface name{ return-type method-name1(parameter-list); return-type method-name2(parameter-list); type final-varname1 = value; type final-varname2 = value; // ... return-type method-nameN(parameter-list); type final-varnameN = value; } 10
- 11. & VC BB Meaning… Here, access is either public or not used. When no access specified is included, then default access results, and the interface is only available to other members of the package in which it is declared. When it is declared as public, the interface can be used by any other code. 11
- 12. & VC BB Meaning… Name is the name of the interface, and can be any valid identifier. Notice that the methods which are declared have no bodies. They end with a semicolon after the parameter list. They are, essentially, abstract methods; there can be no default implementation of any method specified within an interface. Each class that includes an interface must implement all of the methods. Variables can be declared inside of interface declarations. 12
- 13. & VC BB Meaning… Each class that includes an interface must implement all of the methods. Variables can be declared inside of interface declarations. They are implicitly final and static, meaning they cannot be changed by the implementing class. They must also be initialized with a constant value. All methods and variables are implicitly public if the interface, itself, is declared as public. 13
- 14. & VC BB An example of an interface definition public interface IGreeting { public static final int MAX_MEMBER = 20; public void sayHello(); } 14
- 15. & VC BB Implementing Interfaces Once an interface has been defined, one or more classes can implement that interface. To implement an interface, include the implements clause in a class definition, and then create the methods defined by the interface. access class classname [extends superclass] [implements interface [,interface...]]{ // class-body } 15
- 16. & VC BB Example public class EnglishGreeting implements IGreeting{ @Override public void sayHello() { System.out.println("Hello Guy!"); } } Note :When you implement an interface method, it must be declared as public. 16
- 17. & VC BB References to Interfaces You can declare variables as object reference that use an interface rather than a class type When you call a method through one of these references, the correct version will be called based on the actual instance of the interface being referred to. This one of the key features of interface. 17
- 18. & VC BB References to Interfaces (cont’d) Demo: public class TestInterface { public static void main(String[] args) { IGreeting javaInterfaceExample = new EnglishGreeting(); javaInterfaceExample.sayHello(); } } 18
- 19. & VC BB Interface vs. Abstract Class All methods of an Interface are abstract methods while some methods of an Abstract class are abstract methods Abstract methods of abstract class have abstract modifier An interface can only define constants while abstract class can have fields Interfaces have no direct inherited relationship with any particular class, they are defined independently Interfaces themselves have inheritance relationship among themselves If a class includes an interface but does not fully implement the methods defined by that interface, then that class must be declared as abstract. 19
- 20. & VC BB Interfaces Can Be Extended One interface can inherit another by use of the keyword extends. The syntax is the same as for inheriting classes. When a class implements an interface that inherits another interface, it must provide implementations for all methods defined within the interface inheritance chain. 20
- 21. & VC BB Exercises Define an interface having one method that takes an integer parameter. For this method, provide two implementations: In the first one,just print the value and in the second one, print the square of the number. Try to call both the versions. 21