Accessibility for Web
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This document provides an overview of accessibility for digital interactions. It discusses why accessibility is important by allowing environments and objects to be used by as many people as possible. The document outlines potential barriers that can exclude people from accessing interactive systems, including physical, conceptual, economic, cultural and social barriers. It then discusses how people with disabilities use the web, including screen readers and the importance of page layout. The document also covers guidelines like Section 508, ADA, WCAG 2.0 and 2.1, and different conformance levels. It provides tools and considerations for quality engineering, UX design, and front-end development to achieve accessibility.
Accessibility for Web
- 1. Accessibility An brief guide by Dushyant Kanungo
- 2. Objectives • Gain a clear understanding of accessibility for digital interactions • Why it matters • How to achieve it
- 3. Accessibility Objects and environments should be designed to be usable, without modification, by as many people as possible AKA Barrier-free design and Universal Design A world made for disabilities
- 4. What are the barriers that can exclude people from accessing interactive systems?
- 5. What are the barriers that can exclude people from accessing interactive systems?
- 6. What are the barriers that can exclude people from accessing interactive systems?
- 7. What are the barriers that can exclude people from accessing interactive systems? Physical Conceptual Economical Cultural Social
- 8. How people with disabilities use the web • Stories of Web Users – Selected scenarios of people with a range of disabilities • Videos of how people with disabilities use ICT • Screen Readers • Importance of Page Layout
- 9. Potential Barriers for Accessibility to websites • Visual Disabilities • unlabeled graphics, undescribed video, • poorly marked-up tables or frames, • lack of keyboard support or screen reader compatibility • Hearing Disabilities • lack of captioning for audio, • proliferation of text without graphics. • Physical and Speech Disabilities • lack of keyboard or single-switch support for menu commands; • lack of alternatives for voice portals. • Cognitive or neurological disabilities • lack of consistent navigation structure, • overly complex presentation or language, • lack of illustrative non-text materials, • flickering or strobing designs on pages. • Example of a Before and After page http://www.w3.org/WAI/guid-tech.html
- 10. Rules The Law, the guideline and the compliance
- 11. Accessibility Guidelines • Section 508 • ADA • WAG 2.0 • WAG 2.1
- 12. Accessibility Guidelines • Section 508 – Downgraded BUT still required for Federal Projects • ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act • WAG 2.0 – V1 • WAG 2.1 – V2
- 13. Web Content Accessibilities Guidelines • By W3 Consortium • Comes with various conformance levels • A • AA • AAA
- 14. Web Content Accessibilities Guidelines • By W3 Consortium • Comes with various conformance levels • A – common sense • AA – Generally considered at par with ADA – Good Enough • AAA – Required efforts from the point of project inception
- 15. Quality Engineering Audit is the first step
- 16. Tools • AATT by PayPal • Wave Extension • aXe Plugin • More…
- 17. Manual Test • Keyboard • OSX Voice Over Utility • JAWS Screen Reader • More…
- 18. UX Design Design is (also) the first step
- 19. Considerations • Context • Methods • Interactions • User Testing • Evidence • Motion Design • Micro-Interactions
- 20. Tools • Stark for Sketch • User Test Results • Common-Sense
- 22. Considerations • Content & Hierarchy • Semantics • Micro-Interactions • Motion Design • Micro-Formats
- 23. Methods • EM instead of PX • Alternative High Contrast CSS • Alt Text • LongDesc file and its linking • ARIA States • No Text as Image • Focus
- 24. Check lists • https://a11yproject.com/checklist • https://www.wuhcag.com/wcag-checklist/ • http://accessibility.psu.edu/guidelines/section508/ • https://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505/full- checklist
- 25. WARNING • This is a legal matter. • If we say something is complaint, it better be.
- 26. Defining Usability Usability Effectiveness Accuracy Completeness Efficiency Resources Expended Satisfaction Comfort Acceptability Usability is the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which specified users achieve specified goals in particular environments. ISO 9241
- 27. Galaxy’s Accessibility Compliance Services • Accessibility Compliance Audit • Accessibility Compliance Implementation • Accessibility Training • Accessibility Recommendations • Accessibility Compliance Certification (Future)
- 28. Thanks