Acronet @ OpenWater2013
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This document describes the ACRONET open hardware paradigm for developing low-cost, real-time IT systems for disaster risk reduction and environmental monitoring. The ACRONET model uses open hardware designs and commercial, off-the-shelf components to create modular sensor systems at a lower cost than proprietary alternatives. Several example projects applying the ACRONET systems are described, including monitoring snow depth for a municipality, measuring soil moisture for wildfire risk assessment, and creating a rural weather station network in the Caribbean for hurricane monitoring. The document argues the ACRONET approach can provide sustainable and affordable monitoring solutions, especially in developing areas.
Acronet @ OpenWater2013
- 1. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction an open hardware project 2nd OpenWater symposium and workshops Brussel, September 16-17, 2013 Fedi A., Ferrari D.,Lima M., Pintus F., Versace C. and Boni G.
- 2. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Layout Introduction Acronet Paradigm Configurations Some applications: Milano Municipality SMUPIS Project EMMA Project Enhancing Resilience in the Caribbean Project Conclusions
- 3. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction INTRODUCTION For the monitoring of hydrometeorological variables, and more generally, for decision support systems, the instrumental in-situ measurement is crucial. Referring to professional micrometeorological stations, there is a problem represented by the high costs of measures. The high cost can be substantially related to the quality of the materials, to the array of industrial production processes and to the costs of skilled workers, needed for the installation and for the maintenance of the equipment.
- 4. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Up to 20-30 K€ each, 10-15 % more Every year for maintainance Always tied to proprietary systems and protocols
- 5. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction With "ACRONET Paradigm" we propose a new model of production, distribution, in-the- field installation of Measuring Systems connected through Knowledge Networks, based on recent concepts of "Open Hardware”*. * Acccording to the International vocabulary of metrology — basic and general concepts and associated terms (3 ed.). Joint Committee on Guides for Metrology (JCGM). 2008. (http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/J CGM_200_2008.pdf)
- 6. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 7. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction by the end user
- 8. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction This should not be obtained at the expense of measurement accuracy and quality and durability of materials. This can be obtained focusing on • ease of maintenance and installation • making economies of scale and supplying directly on the market of the hardware components. LOWER COST LOW QUALITY LOWER is the final unit price of the measure only!
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- 10. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Components Assembling Shared design, implementation and testing of suitable modular elements to be used for the construction of measuring instruments, through the simple assembly of commercial parts readily available on the market.
- 11. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 12. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Software Modules The design and development of the firmware for the control of modular elements and the software to control the measures and the flow of information between elements adopting open source requirements.
- 13. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Open Hardware Free Publication of the design schemes of the modular elements that compose the measuring instruments, according to the "open hardware" standards. Creation of a community of developers for the hardware. Licenses Creative Commons + EUPL (firmware) + trademark (Italy) http://www.oshwa.org
- 14. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 15. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction ACRONETWORK Infrastructure Implementation and maintenance of a technical infrastructure for the remote control and connection of ACRONET instruments made through “environmental knowledge” networks (e.g. web based GIS). The network allows the management of users’ communities and the geographic contextualization of data.
- 16. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Accuracy The ACRONET modular elements allow the continuous monitoring and suitable quantification of the physical consistency and accuracy of measurements, by using appropriate self-diagnosis and intrinsic validation techniques. This differs from the usual practice that guarantees only (and not always) the precision of the instrument, after lab tests, and the compliance with standards of production.
- 17. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction A P > > < > > < < <
- 18. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
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- 20. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 21. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Projects In the following, some of the projects involving ACRONET hardware we are working on
- 22. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Measurement of snow depth Activation of snowplows operators (managed by external companies) A posteriori Evaluation of actual costs Municipality needs: manage owned data to evaluate in house the situation (both in real and deferred time)
- 23. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Snow gage Snow depth sensor with centimetre precision using commercial components (ultrasonic sensor of distance) and electronics for signal conditioning
- 24. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 25. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction SMUPIS – POR Italian Project financed by Regione Liguria (IT) aimed to the evaluation of soil moisture in order to include its measurements into wildfire risk models Use of OPEN SOURCE (ACRONET®) instruments to perform the monitoring campaign on three sites
- 26. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Sensor of Volumetric Water Content (commercial) linked to ACROSTATION board The project will develop a new sensor to measure the humidity of the DEADWOOD by using a new ACRONET sensor
- 27. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Early warning system for air quality adopting ACRONET® components Allows monitoring of contaminants of interest and the determination of a synthetic index of air quality (AQI) It furnishes forecasts (short time) of the AQI CIMA-ACROTEC Pilot project (self financed) The developed sensor will be adopted by La Spezia (IT) port authority to quantify the contribution of the port activities to air pollution in the nearby city.
- 28. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Air quality Realization of a complete station with 3 sensors for the measurement of concentrations of pollutants in the air (Nitrogen Oxides / Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and PM10) and ad-hoc electronic parts. Principles of Operation sensors: NO2/CO, O3 - sensors made of metal oxides, semiconductors ( variation of the resistance) PM10: measuring the variation of light intensity due to the scattering induced by the presence of particulate
- 29. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Problem: monitoring of meteorological variables during the hurricanes season Solution: ACRONET Rural Board and third party instruments (anemometer, rain gauge, thermometer)
- 30. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction NESA PL 400 High precision Rain Gauge Sensor Surface area 400cm2 Measure with stainless steel tilting bucket Compact and light design in aluminium WMO standards compliant able to measure up to 300mm/h SUTRON TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAUGE STAINLESS STEEL Orifice Size: Ø 7.87 in. (20 cm) Surface area 314cm2 WMO standards compliant Rugged Magnetic Proximity Switch
- 31. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Data Collector at national Met-Service SFTP (Internet) GSM/ GPRS DEWETRA AWS Database GSM/ GPRS GSM/ GPRS GSM/ GPRS GSM/ GPRS GSM/ GPRS GPRS
- 32. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Due to its characteristics of "economy" and "openness", just like open source software, the paradigm can still find a significant development in niche areas in industrialized countries. The model aims to be ethically sustainable, adoptable without large initial investments, and manageable in total autonomy, even in countries with emerging economies.
- 33. Real-Time IT Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction Visit: www.acronet.cc (soon a new version on line) Follow US on: TWITTER: @acronetnews FACEBOOK: Acronet YOUTUBE: acronetchannel GOOGLE+: https://plus.google.com/104504171667604113016/po sts E-mail: acronet@acronet.cc “..they are eyes, they are your eyes looking far away, all over the world, and they are made by your hands
Editor's Notes
- #5: A further problem in the development of the sector is represented by "closed" products which, for structural layouts, data management and communications, are almost always referred to as "proprietary protocols", which push the customer to a perpetual and non-negotiable "loyalty" to the supplier.High costs, not only for the “hardware” (the instruments) but also for services and maintenance
- #8: The sustainability and the low unit cost of the measure should not be obtained at the expense of measurement accuracy and quality and durability of materials.Low cost can be obtained focusing on ease of maintenance and installation, allowing the use the local labor force, even with low skills, but with high capacity and speed of in-situ intervention and making economies of scale and supplying directly on the market of the hardware components.to achieve these objectives, the model includes ....
- #9: Thisshouldnot be obtainedat the expense of measurementaccuracy and quality and durability of materials.This can be obtainedfocusing on ease of maintenance and installation, allowing the use the locallabor force, even with lowskills, but with high capacity and speed of in-situ intervention and makingeconomies of scale and supplyingdirectly on the market of the hardware components.
- #12: In addition to the ACRONET modular elements, each control unit may include any kind of third-party sensors, solar panels, etc.
- #18: Self consistenttests to identificate biases in the measurements
- #19: Analog test: each ACRONET board is equipped with an independent circuit through which, via the control interface of the measuring chain (ACRONETWORK) a known pulse can be sent and the actual instrumental response verified. This is to verify the proper operation of the signal conditioning. An automatic system allows to perform these tasks on a regular basis and alert the user if the instrumental response is manifestly incorrect.Differential test: The control refers to the measure of the same variable realized simultaneously with two sensors belonging to different technologies. Greater precision devices with lower measurement frequency can be associated to the primary (master) sensor as control (slave) sensors. The routine work is done in normal conditions by the master sensor.Crosschecking: suitablycombiningmeasures of differentvariables in the sameconfiguration (some possiblyintroduced for the purpose), some routines on-board the ACRONET module, can verify the correlation of the differentmeasuredvariables over time (eg solar radiation vs air temperature) allowing to monitor the quality of the measurementcomparinganydeviations from the physicallyreasonablevalue of the corelation.
- #21: In particular in each ACROSTATION unit the basic andsignalconditioningelectronics for eachsensor are physicallydisconnectedIn thisregardthereis a motherboard ACROBOARD equipped with a definednumber of universalconnectors, and a board for signalconditioning for eachtype of sensorimplemented.The opening of the systemallowsanyone to create new “conditioning” boards for anysensorsnotoriginallyplanned, providedthatitiscompliant with the standard connectorsystemadopted by ACRONET.Consequently must be made firmware and software for the control of the new configuration.The bus systemisadopted for the transfer of the signal, both the data flow afterconditioning, allows the proliferation of the number of sensorsconnected to eachunit, with the onlylimitenergyconsumptionthatthesedevicesrequire the power.