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TV broadcasting has several advantages and disadvantages as an educational technology. It can reach a wide audience quickly [1], but learners have no control over when they can access content as it is time-dependent [2]. While production costs are high, the unit cost per student can be relatively low compared to other technologies [3]. TV enables both synchronous interaction through phone lines and asynchronous learning as students can discuss content later. However, it also has limitations like inability to record lessons and power requirements [4]. Overall, while an established technology, TV broadcasting remains an effective way to deliver educational materials at scale when paired with supporting technologies and organizational support.
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- 1. Sultan Qaboos University College of education IT department Actions Model Doing by: 1 Jamal alkindi 2ZakariyaAL.siyabi Teacher: Dr: Alaasadik
- 2. ACTIONS Model For selecting educational media technology Tony Bates TV Broadcasting # Access: ** How accessible is a particular technology for learners? TV is broadcast or one-way technologies, learners cannot access any time because TV broadcasting is time dependent. The instructor should tell the learners about the channel, time and subject that will broadcast for them. **How flexible is it for a particular target group? It needs specific time and place to receive the content from the TV. Moreover, it is necessary for the learners to have TV machine with the instructional channel. # Costs: **What is the cost structure of each technology? The cost of producing the visual media (TV, video) and of using them are very much higher. It needs equipment, human and technical support, financial and instructional materials that used to deliver the content. ** What is the unit cost per student? AC (N) = F/N + V = 4500/30 + 2000 = 2150 This unit cost for one month. **What are the opportunity costs vs. other technology choices? It is cheap compared to other technology like video conferencing and mobile learning.
- 3. # Teaching and Learning: **What kinds of learning are needed? It could be used in distance learning, individual and collaborative learning. **What instructional approaches will best meet these needs? The presenter delivers the content using different types of media and the learners receive it. Sometimes instructor can receive questions from the learners. Also, the learners can take notes and do activities. **What are the best technologies for supporting teaching and learning in this environment? There are many technologies that support teaching and learning in TV environment such as: Telephone line (enable learners to ask questions and receive feedback), Fax and Email, smart board and satellite. **Can the content be adapted to the technology? Yes, Content is suitable to TV .we can use different materials to explain and deliver the content. **What skills does the technology develop? This Technology can the Listing skills, Focusing skills (attention), writing skills (Note taking), and Thinking skills. # Interactivity and User-friendliness: **What kind of interaction does this technology enable? (Synchronous or asynchronous) TV broadcasting is synchronous and asynchronous because its life by using telephone line (synchronous) and students can communicate with each other or the instructor.
- 4. **How easy is it to use and learn? Learners can use TV broadcasting by themselves without any difficulties. It is very easy and learners can receive and gain the information in multi-format easily. # Organizational Issues: **What are the organizational and Institutional requirements to provide stability and support? It require technical support, maintenance, production team (teacher, photographer, editor, director and course designer) **What are the barriers to using this technology successfully within the institution? TV broadcasting needs electricity or power. Also, learners cannot record the lesson, and it is not available at any time (there is a specific time for broadcast the lesson). **What changes need to be made within the organization to incorporate the technology? The organization should repeat the lesson more than one time and tell the learners about that. Also, it must provide expert team to deliver the materials. # Novelty: **How new is the technology? TV broadcasting is popular and used from long time, but it still effective medium. **What are its technical capabilities? Screen size (LCD screen), quality of pictures and sound (stereo).
- 5. # Speed **How quickly can courses be created and distributed with this technology? TV is an effective medium for spreading education, because the language of TV is rich, powerful. It can reach a wide number of learners in short time. On the other hand, creation and development of course take time and needs effort and skills. **How quickly can materials be changed? It is easy to change the materials quickly. The instructor can modify the content by adding new information and multimedia materials (videos, pictures, animations and audio).