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- 1. The Six Steps of a Job Hazard Analysis A Workplace Training to Identify and Control Hazards Customize this presentation and add your logo here!
- 2. What is a job hazard analysis? • A job hazard analysis, or JHA, is an exercise in identifying what can go wrong • It focuses on: • Identifying hazards before they occur • Relationships between the worker, task, tools, and environment • Eliminating or reducing risks • Emerging hazards
- 3. Why is a job hazard analysis important? A JHA makes a workplace safer by: • Looking at your operations and job procedures for hazards • Using workers’ knowledge and expertise • Implementing controls and continual improvement
- 4. What kind of jobs have hazards? All workplaces have job hazards. Some examples in our workplace are: • {List a typical machinery hazard in your workplace} • {List a typical chemical hazard in your workplace} • {List any noise or vibration hazards in your workplace} • {List a common ergonomic hazard in your workplace} • Etc.
- 5. Goals of a job hazard analysis The goal of a JHA is to discover: How • An incident happens • The hazard(s) can be controlled What • Are the potential consequences and worst-case scenarios? • Are the contributing factors?
- 6. Six steps of a job hazard analysis
- 7. Step 1: Select and prioritize jobs to analyze Start with the jobs… • Where close calls have happened • With past injuries • Where potential injury could be severe • Where procedures are outdated • With new or updated processes • Assigned to newer or less- experienced staff
- 8. Step 2: Analyze all steps of the job Detail all aspects of the job performed • Break it into a series of smaller steps • Take photos or video to record the process • Consult with workers to ensure the list of steps is accurate and comprehensive
- 9. Step 3: Look for hazards • What could go wrong? Review all previous injury or illness records. • Hazards can be broken down into these categories: Machine- related Example: burns or crushed fingers Physical Example: Heights that pose a fall risk Biological Example: Exposure to a virus Chemical Example: Working with toxic substances Ergonomic Example: Repetitive motions that cause muscle stress
- 10. Step 4: Describe the hazards • Who does the hazard affect? • What causes the hazard? • When is the hazard likely to impact the worker? • Where does the operation occur? • Why does the accident occur? • What are other contributing factors? Determine the potential who, what, when, where, why and how of each hazard.
- 11. Step 5: Select, install, maintain, and review controls • Hierarchy of controls - a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from hazards. • Helps choose the most effective controls.
- 12. Step 5: Select, install, maintain, and review controls (cont.) Steps of the Hierarchy of Controls • Elimination: The hazard no longer exists • Substitution: Change out a material or process • Engineering Controls: Prevent hazards from getting to workers • Administrative Controls: Change the way work is performed • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use clothing or devices for protection Most Effective Least Effective
- 13. Step 6: Review your job hazard analysis • Follow up to implement controls and commit to continual improvement • Share the JHA with your workers • Routinely update the JHA as workers, processes, machinery, or equipment change • Check that controls are still effective
- 14. Customize the rest of this presentation to… • Explain why your business is going to complete a job hazard analysis. • Why it’s an important part of your safety and health program, what you want to achieve, who will be included, etc. • Start a group discussion on identifying hazards in your workplace. • Deliver a training on a specific JHA topic .
- 15. Additional resources • Safety and Health Programs Step-by-Step Guide: osha.gov/safety-management/step-by-step-guide • Safe + Sound Challenge Activities: osha.gov/safeandsound/activities • Hazard Identification Training Tool: osha.gov/hazfinder • On-Site Consultation Program: osha.gov/consultation • Hierarchy of Controls (CDC): cdc.gov/niosh/hierarchy-of-controls/about/
Editor's Notes
- #2: A job hazard analysis (JHA) is a technique that focuses on job tasks to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them. A JHA also identifies hazards that might emerge when a new process or piece of equipment is introduced in the future.
- #3: Finding and fixing hazards in the workplace is an ongoing process that helps better identify and control sources of potential injuries or illnesses. Not only does it uncover hazards already in your workplace, but also hazards that could come up in the future. Improves communication between employees and management about potential safety issues.
- #4: Agricultural worker handling a chemical substance Office workers using non-ergonomic computer equipment Job hazards can cause injury, illness, and even fatality All workplaces have job hazards. Some examples are: Construction worker working at heights Mining worker operating around explosives Warehouse worker lifting heavy objects
- #5: Also: how likely is it that an incident will occur?
- #6: Select and prioritize jobs to analyze Analyze all steps of the job Look for hazards Describe the hazards Select, install, maintain, and review controls Review your job hazard analysis
- #7: Start with the jobs where the potential injury could be severe or the jobs that frequently result in injuries when performed. Engage with your workers and review injury and illness records to help make this determination. Workers are the experts at the jobs they perform. A JHA should include jobs that rely on machinery that requires continuous maintenance or upgrades.
- #8: Detail all aspects of the job performed in the JHA. This means each step of the process is as accurately described as possible. This is critical so that new workers can consult the JHA and best prepare for the job. Safety managers can make videos and take photos to help record this process.
- #10: Now that you have identified the job hazard, put on your detective hat to determine the potential who, what, when, where, why, and how the hazard caused the injury or illness.
- #11: The hierarchy of controls is a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from hazards. They are arranged from the most to least effective and include elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. In this step, safety managers can detail the implementation of a hazard control or a combination of hazard controls that will most effectively prevent the hazard from causing an injury.
- #12: The hierarchy of controls is a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from hazards. They are arranged from the most to least effective and include elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. In this step, safety managers can detail the implementation of a hazard control or a combination of hazard controls that will most effectively prevent the hazard from causing an injury.
- #13: Congratulations! You developed a JHA. The last part is to review the JHA and to continually update it as aspects of the job change or evolve over time. For example, this could be upgrading machinery or equipment or specifying if an injury or illness occurs.