Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)
Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2014, pp. 233~240
ISSN: 2088-8694  233
Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJPEDS
Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator
Bouzid Mohamed Amine*, Zine Souhila**, Allaoui Tayeb***, Massoum Ahmed*
* Department of Electrical Engineering, Djillali LIABES University, Sidi Bel Abbes-ALGERIA
** Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology, Oran-ALGERIA
*** Department of Electrical Engineering, IBN Khaldoun University, Tiaret-ALGERIA
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Dec 19, 2013
Revised Feb 17, 2014
Accepted Mar 10, 2014
In this paper, a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) based on a separately excited
direct current (DC) motor is studied. The wind turbine was emulated by
controlling the torque of the DC motor. The WTE is used as a prime mover
for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In order to extract
maximum power from the wind, PI and Fuzzy controllers were tested.
Simulation results are given to show performance of proposed fuzzy control
system in maximum power points tracking in a wind energy conversion
system under various wind conditions. The strategy control was implemented
in simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keyword:
Wind Turbine
Wind Turbine Emulator
DC motor
FLC
Copyright © 2014 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
BOUZID Mohamed Amine,
Departement of Electrical Engineering,
Djillali LIABES University,
Faculté de Technologie, BP89, cité Ben M’Hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel Abbes, ALGERIE.
Email: bouzid_mohamedamine@yahoo.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing major sources of new electricity around the world. Wind
turbine development is currently a very dynamic industry [1]. However, access, testing and monitoring
installed turbines is difficult. Simulation is an appropriate tool to evaluate the effect of modifications and
offers a solution to this problem.
In research applications, the Wind Turbine Emulator is an important device for developing Wind
Energy Conversion Systems. The WTE can be used to drive an electrical generator in similar way as a Wind
Turbine. The motivation for this study is to create an emulation system that as closely as possible replicates
the behavior of a wind turbine.
In the wind turbine emulator, the wind turbine was substituted by the output torque calculated from
the wind turbine torque model.
The main objective of the WTE is reproducing the wind turbine output torque corresponding to any
wind speed input. The reference current is calculated as function of the wind turbine speed and wind speed to
produce the aerodynamic torque of the wind turbine [2].
The wind turbine emulator gives the opportunity that any desired wind speed profile can be tested
and used to study the behavior of the system.
The Paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses on the system topology and modeling of the
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and wind turbine. Section 3 describes the Control strategy of the
Emulator and the Fuzzy Logic Controller. Simulations run with MATLAB /Simulink showing the
performance of proposed emulator are presented in Section 4. Section 5 concludes the paper with analysis of
the results and discusses the validity of the proposed model.

 ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2014 : 233 – 240
234
2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND MODELING
The power conversion system consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a
rectifier and an inverter connected to the load or to the grid.
The system topology used in this work is shown in Figure1.
Figure 1. Control system
2.1. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator model
The rotor excitation of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is assumed to be
constant, so its electrical model in the synchronous reference frame is given by [3], [4]:
d
s d d q q
q
s q q d d f
di
R i V i L
dt
di
R i V i L
dt

 

   

      

(1)
Where subscripts d and q refer to the physical quantities that have been transformed into the (d, q)
synchronous rotating reference frame, the electrical rotating speed ωe is given by:
e p Tn 
(2)
The power equations are given by:
3
( . . )
2
3
( . . )
2
d d q q
q d d q
P v i v i
Q v i v i
 
 
(3)
The electromagnetic torque Te can be derived from:
sqfpe inT 
2
3
(4)
2.2. Wind Turbine Modeling
The mathematical relation for the mechanical power extraction from the wind can be expressed as
follows [5]:
2
..
).,().,(
3
w
pwPm
VA
CPCP

 
(5)
The tip speed ratio, λ, is given by [6],

IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 
Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator (BOUZID Mohamed Amine)
235
m
w
R
V




(6)
The power coefficient Cp can be expressed as [7], [8],
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1
( , ) ( ) exp( )P
i i
C C C C C C C   
 
          
(7)
Where
)
1
035.0
08.0
11
3




i
C1=0.5176, C2=116, C3=0.4, C4=5, C5=21 and C6=0.0068.
The torque of the wind turbine would be expressed as:



.2
..
).,(
3
w
p
VA
CT 
(8)
3. CONTROL STRATEGY OF THE WIND TURBINE EMULATOR
In this section, the fuzzy control method applied to the wind turbine emulator is presented.
3.1. The Emulation of Wind Turbine
According to [9]-[12], the characteristics of Wind turbine have a great similarity to the
characteristics of DC motor, so it can be simulated by a DC motor.
Figure 2 present the control block diagram of the wind turbine Emulator system.
Figure 2. Control block diagram of the wind turbine Emulator system
In this diagram, the wind rotor speed is expressed as the measured DC motor speed divided by the
ratio of the gearbox. The reference torque of the DC motor which is the Wind Turbine Aerodynamic torque is
calculated by the Wind Turbine model according to the dynamic wind speed and the blade pitch angle and
the wind rotor speed. The reference current of the DC motor is obtained by the reference torque of the DC
motor.
In this work, PI and FLC controllers are used in speed regulation.
3.2. Fuzzy Logic Control
Fuzzy logic is able to use human reasons not in terms of discrete symbols and numbers, but in terms
of fuzzy sets. These terms are quite flexible with respect to the definition and values. The big advantages of
fuzzy logic control when applied to a wind turbine are that the turbine system neither needs to be accurately
described nor does it need to be linear [13].
Rule based fuzzy logic controllers are useful when the system dynamics are not well known or when
they contain significant nonlinearities, such as the un-stationary wind contains large turbulence.
In Figure 3, structure of fuzzy control is shown. A fuzzy controller usually contains four main
components: Fuzzifier, fuzzy rule base, inference engine and Defuzzifier. The Fuzzifier changes the input
(crisp signals) into fuzzy values. The fuzzy rule base consists of basic data and linguistic rules. The engine is

 ISSN: 2088-8694
236
the brain of a fuzzy controller which ability to simulate the human decision based on finally, the second
transformation converts values into the real values [14].
Figure 3. Fuzzy inference system
3.3. Design of the Fuzzy Logic Controller
The plant control u is inferred from the two state variables, error (e) and change in error Δe. The
control rules are designed to assign a fuzzy set of the control input u for each combination of fuzzy sets of e
and Δe. Table 1 shows the rules base. Each pair (e, Δe) determines the output level corresponding to u.
Figure 4 shows the fuzzy logic controller.
Figure 4. Fuzzy logic controller
Table 1. rule base
The abbreviations used in Table 1 are defined as follows: NB is Negative Big, NM is Negative
Medium, NS is Negative Small, ZR is Zero, PS is Positive Small, PM is Positive Medium, PB is Positive
Big, B is Big and S is small. Figures (5–7) represent, respectively, the membership functions of the input e,
the membership functions of the input Δe and the membership functions of the output u.
In this paper, the triangular membership function, the max–min reasoning method, and the center of
gravity defuzzification method are used, as those methods are most frequently used in many literatures [15-
16].

237
Figure 5. Membership function for input e Figure 6. Membership functions for input Δe
Figure 7. Membership function of output
4. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Simulations were carried out with a 3kW PMSG-based WECS which has the optimal power
coefficient Cpmax=0.48 and the optimal tip-speed ratio λ=8.1.
Control performances of both PI and FUZZY Controllers are compared in parallel. The stochastic
wind profile is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Wind velocity
Figure 9 shows the output tracking performances.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Time [s]
Windspeed[m/s]

 ISSN: 2088-8694
238
Figure 9. (a) Power coefficient (b) Tip-speed ratio (c) Speed
In Figure 10, it’s indicated the tracking errors.
Both of the two methods track the output reference adequately. The FLC provides better tracking
than the PI controller.
Two important factors show the efficiency of the power conversion: the power coefficient
maintenance and the tip-speed ratio maintenance under wind speed fluctuations. The FLC shows better
performances better than PI controller in optimizing the power conversion. The PI controller stays oscillating
around optimal values. The FLC keeps the optimal power coefficient and tip-speed ratio values constant after
transient time.
It is clear that the maximum power extraction control works very well where the value of power
coefficient was kept at optimum value of power coefficient Cpopt which equals 0.48 with varying wind speed.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Time [ s ]
PowerCoefficient(Cp)
Cpmax
FLC
PI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Time [ s ]
Tipspeedratio
optimal Tip speed ratio
FLC
PI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Time [ s ]
DCmotorSpeed[r/min]
Speed reference
PI
FLC
(a)
(b)
(c)

239
Figure 10. (a) Power coefficient tracking error (b) Tip-speed ratio tracking error (c) Speed tracking error
5. CONCLUSION
In this work, the model of the DC motor was incorporated within a larger simulation of a PMSG
system with the DC motor acting as the prime mover.
One of the advantages of the WTE is that various wind profiles can be tested to verify the control
algorithms.
The FLC method can quickly and accurately track the maximum power output for wind power
system.
Simulation results presented in this paper prove that a good MPPT strategy can be implemented
with a fuzzy logic controller.
Further work will be focused on induction machine to emulate the wind turbine.
REFERENCES
[1] Ali Mostafaeipour. Productivity and development issues of global wind turbine industry. Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews. 2010; 14(3): 1048-1058.
[2] Weihao, Hu, Yue W, Xianwen S, Zhaoan W. Development of wind turbine simulator for wind energy conversion
systems based on permanent magnet synchronous motor. Electrical Machines and systems. Wuhan, China. 2009;
2322-2326.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time [ s ]
PowerCoefficientTrackingError(%)
error reference
FLC
PI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Time [ s ]
TipspeedratioTrackingerror
error reference
FLC
PI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-50
0
50
Time [ s ]
SpeedTrackingerror[r/min]
error reference
PI
FLC
(a)
(b)
(c)

 ISSN: 2088-8694
240
[3] M Chinchilla, S Arnaltes, JC Burgos. Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-
energy systems connected to the grid. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2006: 130–135
[4] Hong-Woo Kim, Sung-Soo Kim, Hee-Sang Ko. Modeling and control of PMSG-based variable-speed wind turbine.
Electric Power Systems Research. 2010; 80(1): 46-52.
[5] Chih-Hong Lin. Recurrent modified Elman neural network control of PM synchronous generator system using
wind turbine emulator of PM synchronous servo motor drive. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems. 2013; 52: 143-160.
[6] SM Muyeen, Ahmed Al-Durra, J Tamura. Variable speed wind turbine generator system with current controlled
voltage source inverter. Energy Conversion and Management. 2011; 52(7): 2688-2694.
[7] Robert Gasch, Jochen Twele. Wind Power Plants: Fundamentals, Design, Construction and Operation. Springer.
2012.
[8] LP Colas, F Francois, B Yong dong Li. A Modified Vector Control Strategy for DFIG Based Wind Turbines to
Ride-Through Voltage Dips. Power Electronics and Applications, EPE’09. 2009: 1-10.
[9] Yue YS, Cai. Design and actualization of wind farm and wind turbine imitation system. J Electric machines &
control Application. 2008.
[10] Liu, He, Zhao. Imitation of the characteristic of Wind turbine based on Dc motor. J proceedings of the CSEE. 2006.
[11] Zhang, Yang, Li. Characteristic simulation of wind turbine based on DC Motor closed-loop current control. Journal
of Nanjing institute of technology. (Natural science edition). 2008.
[12] Ovando, aguayo, cotorogea. Emulation of a low power wind turbine with DC motor in MATLAB/Simulink. Power
Electronics specialists Conference. New York. 2007.
[13] Stanislaw H Zak. Systems and control. New York Oxford: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. 2003.
[14] M Tim Jones. Artificial Intelligence. Infinity science press LLC. 2008.
[15] Chin-Hsing Cheng, Sheng-Li Shu, Po-Jen Cheng. Attitude control of a satellite using fuzzy controllers. Expert
Systems with Applications. 2009; 36(3) Part 2: 6613-6620.
[16] K Tahera, RN Ibrahim, PB Lochert. A fuzzy logic approach for dealing with qualitative quality characteristics of a
process. Expert Systems with Applications. 2008; 34(4): 2630-2638.

Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator (20)

More from IJPEDS-IAES (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator