AI in education and engineering for engineers

Dr.G.Padmaja
Professor and Head, CSE Dept.
Sreenidhi University
From Theory to Reality:
AI’s Role in Modern Society
Seminar on Emerging trends in
Artificial intelligence

Content
s
1.What is AI?
2.History of AI
3.Intelligent Agent
4.AI: State of the Art
5.AI: Top Apps
6. Applications of AI
7.Philosophical Foundations
8.Conclusion

AI: What comes to your mind?
Humanoid Robot
Robotic Dog

AI: What about these?
• Search Engines
• Speech Recognition Systems
• Recommendation Systems
• Object recognition Systems

AI: Embodied and
Disembodied
• Embodied AI
– Eg: Humanoid robots, Robotic Dogs,
Autonomous Vehicle, Industrial Robots
• Disembodied AI
– Eg: Search Engines,, Fraud detection systems,
AI-powered Content generation systems,
Recommendation Systems – Spotify,netflix

What is AI?
Ref: Stuart Russel and Peter Norvig

AI in education and engineering for engineers

Acting humanly: The Turing
test
• Proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, it is a test to
determine if a machine can exhibit human-like
intelligence.

Thinking humanly: Cognitive Science &
AI
• The "Thinking Humanly" approach to AI focuses on designing
systems that simulate human thought processes, and is closely
related to cognitive science, which studies how humans perceive,
learn, reason, and make decisions.
• How Cognitive Science Relates to AI?
 Cognitive Science combines psychology, neuroscience,
linguistics, and computer science to model human
intelligence. AI systems following this approach aim to mimic
how humans think rather than just produce correct outputs.
 Ex:- IBM Watson , DeepMind’s AlphaGo , Self- Driving Cars.

Thinking & Act rationally: Laws of
Thought
• The "Thinking Rationally" approach in AI is based on
the idea that intelligence should follow formal rules of
logic.
• This is derived from the "Laws of Thought", a concept
from philosophy and mathematics that aims to structure
reasoning.
• What are laws of thought
Law of Identity (A = A) .
 Law of Non-Contradiction (~(A & ~A)) – A
 Law of the Excluded Middle (A v ~A)
• Ex:- Expert Systems (e.g., MYCIN, DENDRAL)
Game AI (e.g., Chess Engines like Stockfish)

AI:
History
1940s–1950s : Birth of AI Concepts
• 1943 – McCulloch & Pitts develop the first
artificial neuron model, laying the foundation for
neural networks.
• 1950 – Alan Turing publishes "Computing
Machinery and Intelligence" and proposes the
Turing Test to measure machine intelligence.
• 1956 – The Dartmouth Conference marks the
official birth of AI as a field. The term "Artificial
Intelligence" is coined.

AI: History
1950s–1970s: The Early AI Boom
•1957 – Frank Rosenblatt develops the
Perceptron, an early neural network model.
•1966 – ELIZA, the first chatbot, is created to
simulate human conversation.
•1970s – AI research focuses on rule-based
expert systems, used in medical and industrial
applications.
•1974–1980 – First AI Winter (funding
decreases due to slow progress).

AI: History
1980s: The Rise of Expert Systems
•1980s – AI research shifts towards expert
systems, which simulate human decision-
making.
•1986 – Geoffrey Hinton and others develop
backpropagation, making neural networks more
powerful.
•1987–1993 – Second AI Winter (high
expectations lead to disappointment, reducing
funding again).

AI: History
1990s–2000s: ML & Practical AI
•1997 – IBM's Deep Blue defeats chess world
champion Garry Kasparov, proving AI can beat
humans in complex tasks.
•2000 – AI starts being used in speech
recognition (e.g., Dragon NaturallySpeaking)
•2005 – DARPA Grand Challenge: AI-powered
self-driving cars show major progress

AI: History
2010s: The Deep Learning Revolution
•2011 – IBM Watson wins "Jeopardy!" against
human champions.
•2016 – AlphaGo, developed by DeepMind,
defeats Go champion Lee Sedol, proving AI’s
power in strategic reasoning.
•2018 – AI-powered chatbots, virtual assistants
(Alexa, Siri), and self-driving cars become
mainstream.

AI: History
2020s–Present: AI in Everyday Life
•2020 – AI plays a major role in COVID-19 research,
helping with medical diagnosis and vaccine
development.
•2022 – ChatGPT and other large language models
(LLMs) revolutionize human-AI interaction.
•2023 – AI-generated content, autonomous robots, and
self-learning AI become more advanced.
•2024–2025 – AI continues to improve, with AGI
(Artificial General Intelligence) becoming a key
research goal.

Sub-areas of
AI
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Computer Vision and Image Processing
– Face recognition, Handwriting recognition, OCR,
etc
Natural Language Processing
– Question Answering, Spell checkers, Machine
Translation, etc.
Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Data Mining
Human Computer
Interaction

Content
s
1.What is AI?
2.Foundations of AI
3.History of AI
4.Intelligent Agent
6.AI: Top Apps
7. Applications of AI
9.Conclusion

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AI: state of the
art
Play a decent game of table tennis

AI: state of the
art
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Drive safely on curvy mountain roads

AI: state of the
art
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Buy a weeks worth of grocery on web

AI: state of the
art
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Buy a weeks worth of grocery at singapore
seematti

AI: state of the
art
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seematti
Converse successfully with a person for an
hour

AI: state of the
art
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seematti
hour
Give competent legal advice in a specialized
area of law

AI: state of the
art
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seematti
hour
area of law
Play chess

AI: state of the
art
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seematti
hour
area of law
Play chess
Write intentionally funny story

AI: TOP APPS
1. Language translation services (Google)
2. News aggregation and summarization (Google)
3. Speech recognition (Nuance)
4. Song recognition (Shazam: Android)
5. Face recognition (Recognizr: Android)
6. Image recognition (Google Goggles: Android)
7. Question answering (Apple Siri, IBM Watson)
8. Chess playing (IBM Deep Blue)
9. 3D scene modeling from images (Microsoft Photosynth)
10. Driver-less autonomous cars (Google)

Content
s
1.What is AI?
2.Foundations of AI
3.History of AI
4.Intelligent Agent
6.AI: Top Apps
7.Applications of AI
9.Conclusion

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Machine
Translation
Google translate: daily millions of users
AI Hard problem

News Aggregation and
Summarization

Face detection
● All modern Digital cameras equipped with this

Chess
Playing
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IBM Deep Blue vs. Gary Kasparov: 1997
6 games: K, D, draw, draw, draw, D

Dog Robot
Military and Security
Search and Rescue
Pet Robots
Industrial and Inspection Tasks(oil rigs, power pants)

Flikki
Transform your ideas into stunning videos,
Audios, and Images from Text or idea.

Medical Diagnostic Program
Doctors input the symptoms of
the patience and the AI helps
decide what medications are
best.

CircadiaV: AI-Powered Heart
Disease Detection
Siddharth developed CircadiaV, an AI
application capable of detecting heart diseases
in just seven seconds using smartphone-based
heart sound recordings. This innovative
technology, tested on over 15,000 patients in the
US and 700 in India, boasts an impressive 96%
accuracy rate. CEO of STEM IT.
Read more at: https://yourstory.com/2025/03/teen-prodigy-heart-health-ai

Philosophical Foundations
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Weak AI hypothesis: Machines could possibly act
intelligently
Strong AI hypothesis: machines that could act
intelligently can also actually think and can have
a mind (as opposed to simulated minds)

Ethics and Risks in
AI
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People might lose jobs
– Automation through AI always created more jobs
and wealth
People will have too much or too little leisure time
– AI frees us from boring routine jobs and leaves
more time for creative work
People might lose some privacy rights
– Surveillance, intelligent 'bots' over internet
Use of AI systems may result in a loss of
accountability
– If a physician follows an advice of a medical
expert system and diagnosis fails,
Who is responsible?

What If AI Succeeds?
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Success of AI means end of human race (science
fiction writings and movies).
Once a machine surpasses human intelligence,
it can design even smarter machines (I.J. Good
1965)
This leads to intelligence explosion and
technological singularity at which human era ends
(Vernor Vinge 1993).
Alternative: Keep machines under control

Three Laws of Robotics (Isaac
Asimov 1942)
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● A robot may not injure a human being, or,
through inaction, allow a human being to come
to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given it by
human beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as
such protection does not conflict with the First
or Second Law.

Three Laws of Robotics (Isaac
Asimov 1942)
If violated:

Conclusio
n
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You are using AI almost everyday and you might
not be knowing in most of the cases (search
engines, user interfaces, recommender systems,
etc)
Like any technology, AI can also be a threat if not
used ethically.
AI still has many open questions and problems
and there is always scope for new problems.

AI in education and engineering for engineers

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