Ai lecture 06(unit-02)
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The document discusses the planning problem in artificial intelligence, which involves decision-making to achieve specific goals by selecting sequences of actions. It introduces STRIPS (Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver), an automated planning technique for problem-solving, and outlines its foundational role in expressing automated planning. Additionally, it explains the block world puzzle, detailing the rules and actions required to solve it using a robotic arm.
Ai lecture 06(unit-02)
- 1. Topic To Be Covered: I. Planning problem II. strips III. Solution to block world problem Jagdamba Education Society's SND College of Engineering & Research Centre Department of Computer Engineering SUBJECT: Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Lecture No-02(Unit-04) Prof.Dhakane Vikas N
- 2. PLANNING PROBLEM What is Planning Problem In AI? The planning problem in Artificial Intelligence is about the decision making performed by intelligent creatures like robots, humans or computer programs when trying to achieve some goal. It involves choosing a sequence of actions that will transform the state of the world and step by step so that it satisfy the goals. Planning:->Set of Actions. Action:->Precondition:->For actions to performed there is need of some preconditions. :->Effect:-Effect is result of action performed.
- 3. PLANNING PROBLEM Planning Generally consist of Following Things: I. Choose the best rule II. Applying rule on the problem to get new state. III. Detect if solution is found. IV. Detect dead end so that new direction will get explored.
- 4. strips What is STRIPS AI? After planning problem it is required to solve that problem and to solve problem planning language or techniques are required. Languages should be expressive enough to explain a wide variety of problems & must allow efficient algorithm to operate on it. Planning languages are known as action language. STRIPS was such technique/Language founded by Richard fike & Nilsson in 1971 as an automated planner. STRIPS stands for stands for Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver. It's an automated planning technique for finding goals by executing a domain from the initial state
- 5. PLANNING PROBLEM What is STRIPS AI? Later on this name was given other formal language . STRIPS is foundation for most of the language in order to express automated planning in current use. ADL:(Action Description Language) is an advancement of STRIPS, proposed by Pednault in 1987
- 6. Example of block world puzzle What is Block World Puzzle Problem? Block:-square block of same size can be stack on one another. Flat surface(Table) Robotic arm Stack
- 7. Example of block world puzzle Rules to Provide Solution for Block World Puzzle Problem RULE PRECONDITION ACTION Pickup(X) on(X, table) clear(X) handempty holding(X) Putdown(Y) Holding(X) on(X, table) clear(X) handempty Stack(X,Y) holding(X) clear(Y) On(X,Y) clear(X) Unstack(X,Y) On(X,Y) clear(X) holding(X) clear(Y)
- 8. Example of block world puzzle Basic Operations: stack(X,Y): put block X on block Y unstack(X,Y): remove block X from block Y pickup(X): pickup block X putdown(X): put block X on the table
- 9. Example of block world puzzle Example SOLUTION: Note: Initially goal state on STACK always. I. Compare initial state with goal state if match then stop, ELSE step (2) II.POP goal state from stack and apply suitable rule to perform action III.If all preconditions of rule satisfied then perform action. IV. If any precondition of certain rule satisfied then just POP that from stack ,don’t perform any action.
- 10. Example of block world puzzle Example SOLUTION: ON(A,B) Action: stack(A,B) Precondition: holding(A) clear(B) Action: pickup(A) Precondition: on(A, table) clear(A) hand empty