Air pollution in lahore slideshare
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The document discusses air pollution in Lahore, highlighting its severe impact on public health and the environment, primarily caused by vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning. It details specific pollutants and their health effects, particularly during the winter smog season, which disrupts transportation and visibility. Recommendations include implementing a master action plan, stricter vehicle regulations, and increasing tree plantation to combat pollution.
Air pollution in lahore slideshare
- 1. NAME MEESUM HUSSAIN YEAR THIRDYEAR BATCH 2012-2013 TOPIC AIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE AIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING -1
- 2. Table of contents POLLUTION .................................................................................. 3 AIR POLLUTION .......................................................................... 3 AIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE.................................................... 3 CAUSES OFAIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE .............................. 4 LAHORE SMOG............................................................................ 5 FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT LAHORE................................. 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ......................... 7
- 3. POLLUTION Pollution can be defined as the interference of the foreign substances into the environment that causes the adverse changes in the natural environment. Pollution can be in the form of chemicals or energy , such as heat, noise, and light. The cause of the pollution are the pollutants, that can occurnaturally or can be manmade(anthropogenic). AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is the contamination of air by the introduction of the foreign substances in the atmosphere . It can also be defined as the contamination of air either chemically, physically or biologically which may effect the human and the organisms. Air pollution is the main cause of the some serious disease including respiratory infections, COPD, lung cancer, heart disease. Health effects that air pollution can cause may include wheezing, coughing, difficulty in breathing etc. Important chemical pollutants that are emitted by the vehicles on the land include Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulate matters (PM), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Smoke is form when PM mixed with the Chemical gases , which when inhaled may cause respiratory problems. AIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE Air pollution in Lahore, now a days has become a serious threat to the life of the people of Lahore, it is the quickly increasing environmental problem in the country, As Lahore become the polluted metropolis of the country. Highly inefficient energy use, which accelerated the number increasing in the vehicle population and kilometers traveled daily basis, industrialization is also the causeof air pollution in Lahore, as the industries emit hazardous gases withoutadequate treatment of the gases, open burning of the solid wasteincluding plastic, burning of coal, and use of the ODS (ozonedepletion substances aresome of the major reasons of worsening of ambient air quality in Lahore.Lahore is second biggestcity of Pakistan having population more than ten million.
- 4. Excessivepopulation, shortageof funds for development especially municipal services, illiteracy, vehicular pollution becauseof substandard fuels, industry within city and without emission control systems, ineffectiveEPA and overall POVERTY is the causeof severe environmentalpollution in Lahore. CAUSES OFAIR POLLUTION IN LAHORE Vehicular smoke Industrial Activities
- 5. Burning of Solid Waste If we look around the city Lahore, we see that from Data Darbar to the railway station, the environment all around is highly polluted , which is mainly because of motorcycle rickshaws and two-stroke rickshaws. According to the environmental department of Lahore, two-stoke rickshaws are causing 65% of the total vehicular pollution in the city. Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, lead and Carbonmonoxide are the main pollutants due to heavy traffic that moves around the city. LAHORE SMOG Every year, during the month of December, a thick fog descends uponLahore, blocking out the winter sunshine, closing off the motorway after dusk and preventing flights from landing at the international airport at night. The problem is becoming serious over the last six years due to high levels of pollution and poorair quality in Lahore, due to vehicular smoke and industrial activities. Even during the summer months, there is now a photochemical smog hanging over the Lahore ,which is washed away by rain.
- 6. According to Dr Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry, national climate change expert and former Director General of Pakistan’s Meteorological Department, “The main source of the pollutants in our lower atmosphere is Eastern Punjab where all the coal based industries are centered (across the borderin India). Of course, we have added our share of the pollutants as well from factory and car emissions.” The places near the irrigation lands, rice paddies and rivers where the moisture is in more quantity available, the thicker fog has seen. When it rains in the Lahore , smog gets cleared and the lower layer of the atmosphere where all the harmful gases and other pollutants are present, washes away. The smog in the Lahore is caused by gaseous emission by vehicular exhaust which when may mixed with dust or sootparticles form a fog , and the fog is then triggered by the temperature inversion . Smoke particles intent in the fog give it a yellowish black color and this smog sometimes stays over the Lahore for days causing reduction in visibility, which is one of the most noticeable indicators of pollution in the atmosphere. It regularly occurs as a result of smog that blurred the clarity, color, texture, and form of what people look at. Lahore Airport remains close during long hours of smog disturbing schedule of national and international flights to and from the city. Lahore Motorway (M 2) has to be closed. Even railway schedule is affected.
- 7. FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT LAHORE Air pollution data that is collected by wealth health organization about Lahore are as follows : Particulate matter (10) 198 Particulate matter (2.5) 68 PM (10) Pollution Level Extremely high Ambient Air quality in Lahore City SO2 (ppb) NOx (ppb) CO (ppm) TSP (ug/m3) Lahore 44.6 156.6 2.82 895 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS As the main cause of the Air pollution in Lahore in smoke emission from Vehicles, so there is a need for a master action plan to address the critical situation of air pollution in the city. The environmental protection agencies and the transportation departments working in the city Lahore should take serious actions in order to stop or reduce the emission of hazardous gases in the environment through vehicles and industries. According to the section 15 of the Pakistan environmental protection act 1997, vehicles which produces air pollutants and noise beyond the limitation provided by national environment quality department should be banned or not allowed. Two stoke rickshaws should replaced with four stoke vehicles. Vehicles using diesel as fuel should converted into alternative fuel (cng). Industries should charge as much as the pollute the environment. More tree plantation around the city.