Causes and issues of Smog in Punjab : way Forward
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This document provides a summary of a presentation given on smog in Punjab, Pakistan. The presentation covered the following key points: - Smog is a serious problem affecting health and the environment in Punjab. The major causes are emissions from transportation (43%), industry (25%), agriculture (20%), and other sources (12%). - Impacts of smog include respiratory diseases, cancer, and damage to the environment. Precautionary measures recommended avoiding time outdoors in smog, wearing masks, and reducing individual contributions to pollution. - The Punjab government has taken some actions like imposing fines, monitoring air quality, and establishing authorities to address smog. However, more effective implementation of recommendations and plans are still
Causes and issues of Smog in Punjab : way Forward
- 1. National Institute of Management, Karachi 28th Senior Management Course (26th October to 29th January, 2021) Current Issue Presentation (CIP) “Causes & Issues of Smog in Punjab: Way Forward” by Muhammad Yousaf (FBR) Faculty Advisor: Mr. Asif Ali Kakepota Dated : 25th November, 2020 1
- 2. Sequence of Presentation Introduction Currency of the Topic Statement of Problem Major Factors of Smog Sector Wise Contribution of Smog Impacts of Smog and Precautionary measures Critical Analysis Conclusion Way Forward/Action Plan 2
- 3. Over View of Punjab Province •Total Area 205,344 km² •Population 110.012 (M) •Capital City Lahore •Population 12.188 (M) •No of District 36 •Area Rank 2nd in Pakistan
- 4. Currency of the Topic The Lahore High Court on Thursday summoned the deputy commissioner of Lahore and director general of Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) to explain their position on the aggravating situation of smog*. LAHORE, Pakistan (AP) — A thick blanket of smog enveloped Pakistan's cultural capital of Lahore on Wednesday, prompting officials to warn that tens of thousands of the city's residents risk respiratory disease and eye-related problems while doctors urged people to stay at home.** Advertisement in the newspaper (Dawn 01-11-2020)from Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) regarding establishment of Smog Monitoring Cell and informing the public for taking precautionary measures against Smog. 4Source: The Express Tribune 18th August 2011 *www.dawn.com issue 06-11-2020 **www.yahoo.com
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- 6. Statement of Problem “Smog is type of air pollution. Smog affected most part of the world including Pakistan’s populous province Punjab. It has affected our homes, weather, and health” 6
- 7. Key Research Questions What are the Causes of Smog ? What are the effects of Smog on Man and Environment ? What actions have been taken by the Punjab Government to combat the Smog ? 7
- 8. Smog Smog is kind of intense air pollution Mixture of smoke and fog. It is generally formed in winter under calm, stable & moist condition A combination of several types of pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, aerosols, smoke or particulates, etc.) with fog. Punjab Capital city, Lahore is most effected from Smog as well as Los Angeles, Beijing, Delhi, Mexico City and Tehran. 8
- 9. Causes of Smog Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, and factory emissions. ... When sunlight hits these chemicals, they form airborne particles and ground-level ozone—or smog. 9
- 10. Industrial Smog Produced from coal-burning plants and is common in rainy industrial centers 10
- 11. Sector wise Contribution of Smog Transport Sector 43% Industrial 25% Agricultural Sector 20% Others 12% 11 source http://www.fao.org/pakistan/news/detail- events/en/c/1179183
- 12. Transport Sector Vehicular emissions Public transport poor engine maintenance Two-Stroke Engine of motor cycles, chingchi, and rickshaws. 12
- 13. Continued 13 The number of vehicles in the province has jumped from approximately 6.6 million to 16.2 million from 2008 to 2016, in just 8 years, an average annual growth rate of about 12% for this period The Punjab Clean Air Action Plan 6.6 7.2 7.9 8.9 10.1 11.3 13.5 14.5 16.2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 VEHICLE POPULATION(IN MILLION) TOTAL VEHICLES
- 14. Continued 14 3.5 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.2 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 VEHICLE POPULATION(IN MILLION) MOTOR CYCLES
- 15. Industrial Sector Industrial Estates of Different Cities. Cement, sugar and fertilizer units are also responsible for air pollution. Brick kilns 15 Figure: Traditional Bull Trench Vs. Zig-Zag Induced Draught Brick Kiln
- 16. Agricultural Sector Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has found a relationship between smog and the practice of rice residue burning 16
- 17. Effects of Smog on Man and Environment Smog is responsible for different respiratory diseases including : Asthma, Bronchitis Lungs infection Cancer Pulmonary emphysema. 17
- 18. Environment Smog also causes damage to Environment like: Material Damage Damage to Vegetation Damage to farm animals and livestock Darkening of sky and reduction in visibility 18
- 19. Smog Controlling Institutions in Punjab Punjab has enacted the Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2012, by adopting the Pakistan Environment Protection Act, 1997, to the framework of the province. Punjab Environmental Protection Department is responsible to administer and implement the provisions of Environment Protection Act & rules The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) is a comprehensive endeavor towards combating natural or man-induced disasters at the Provincial level and securing lives and livelihoods of the affected people. 19
- 20. Functions of Environment and Protection Department Implement the provisions of Environment Protection Act and the rules and regulations made there under Issuance of Environment Approvals for different projects Certify the Environmental Laboratories in Punjab Prepare and establish the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards with approval of the Council and Enforcement Resolve the Public Complaints regarding Environmental Issues Take measures to promote research and development of science and technology which may contribute to the prevention of pollution, protection of the environment and sustainable development Promote Environmental awareness through Seminars/workshops/trainings Encourage the formation and working of non-government, community and village organizations to prevent and control pollution and promote sustainable development 20
- 21. Precautionary Measures Against Smog Avoid being outdoors near heavy traffic areas to minimize exposure. When outside, take rest breaks in the shade & drink plenty of water. Avoid strenuous work outdoors. Reduce your contribution to pollution by avoiding driving & smoking. If driving is unavoidable, drive slow & use headlights plus fog lights / blinkers / hazards even in say time. When indoors, close windows & other inlets of air. For people with asthma & / or chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease, have your inhaler with you at all times. Keep your doctor on speed dial if your condition has the potential to worsen. 21www.pdma.gop.pk
- 22. Continued Important to note that smog affects everyone differently & some people are more susceptible to its negative effects. Children, elders & people with asthma need to be especially careful on smoggy days. Bike users must use face masks & glasses to protect their eyes. Drink plenty of water & wash your eyes frequently. 22
- 23. Daily Smog Situation Report by PDMA on Dated 20-11-2020 Description Till 20-11-2020 Yesterday Activities Today Activities Total Fine imposed (Consolidated) 38,244,140 636,250 513,950 39,394,340 Fine by Transport Department 11,198,200 277,650 223,450 11,699,300 Fine by Industries Department 150,000 10,000 - 160,000 Fine by Traffic Police 19,417,650 65,800 39,700 19,523,150 Fine by Local Government Department 7,478,290 282,800 250,800 8,011,890 FIRs /Complaints 5,178 95 54 5,327 Persons Arrested 458 16 4 478 Vehicles Fined 69,968 792 565 71,325 Vehicles Impounded 8,379 102 98 8,579 Industries Sealed 2,055 59 34 2,148 Brick Kilns Sealed 523 57 33 613 23source http://pdma.gop.pk/node/517
- 24. Environment Protection Dept. Air Quality Index (AQI) Status according to SMOG Policy 2017 24
- 25. Air Quality Index Lahore Air Quality Index Parameter used for AQI Status Advisory Jail Road 158 PM2.5 Satisfactory Wear Masks Town Hall 121 CO Satisfactory Wear Masks Sundar Industrial Estate Phase 1 212 O3 Moderate Wear Masks , Glasses & Stay Hydrated 25 Source Punjab Environment & Protection Dept Data dated 12-11-2020
- 26. Critical analysis No political will in Punjab due to non implementation of the Punjab Clean Air Action Plan despite the fact that people are continuously suffering from smog (2016 to onward). The Smog Commission’s recommendations, released in May 2018, appear to be headed for the same fate as Punjab’s Environment Protection Department (EPD) has failed to procure the 240 air-quality monitors (AQMS) after 2.5 years. Poor coordination among the Provincial Departments to control the Smog. Punjab Govt. has sucessfuly run the Metro buses in Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Multan & Orange train in Lahore to reduce the emissions from Vehicules. Defoerstion in Punjab was disaster but current PTI Govt has planted over a billion trees* 26*source www.weforum.org
- 27. London action plan to combat the Smog Key achievements from 2013 – 2018 Action Plan Including: Providing London’s largest number of Electric Vehicle charging points; Delivering the Marylebone Low Emission Neighborhood (LEN), a three-year partnership program that delivered schemes such as London’s first diesel surcharge for pay to park bays; Launching our nationally award-winning awareness raising campaign to cut unnecessary engine idling, #DontBeIdle; Adopting an industry-leading Code of Construction Practice to mitigate and manage emissions from new development; Leadership on air quality issues, including partnering on cutting edge research on best practice across the world with research institutes including King’s College London. 27www.westminster.gov.uk/airquality
- 28. Conclusion Smog is serious problem for our health and environment. Pakistan is already ranked third in the world - behind China and India - for the number of deaths caused by pollution, with 125,000 people killed annually. It is a matter of emergency but the Punjab Government did nothing because environment happens to be at the bottom of the list. So Punjab needs to implement the Smog Commission’s recommendations, released in May 2018 rather than perform a set of superficial tasks like issuing notices to a few individuals or blaming the toxic air on India. 28
- 29. Way Forward/Action Plan S # Activity Responsibility Time Frame 1 Issuance of health advisory Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department Information Department Environmental Protection Agency Immediate 2 Issuance of traffic advisory Additional IG Traffic Information Department Environmental Protection Agency Immediate 3 Ban on burning of crop residue Home Department Deputy Commissioner and District Police Officer of the respective district Immediate 4 Shutting down of major smoke emitting industries Environmental Protection Agency Deputy Commissioner and District Police Officer of the respective district Immediate 5 Introduction of low-sulphur fuels Ministry of Petroleum, Islamabad Industries Department Environment Protection Department Immediate 29
- 30. 30 S# Activity Responsibility Time Frame 6 Two Day Weekly Holidays Home Department Immediate 7 Controlling burning of municipal waste Local Government Department Agriculture Department Immediate 8 Installation of catalytic converters in vehicles Ministry of Industries & Production, Islamabad Industries Department Transport Department Within one year 9 Building capacity to monitor and forecast episodes of high air Environment Protection Department Planning & Development Department Finance Department Within one year 10 Creating woodlands around major cities Board of Revenue, Punjab Forest Department One Year 11 Planned urban and industrial development Industries Department LG & CD Department HUD&PHE Department 3 years
- 31. 31 S# Activity Responsibility Time Frame 12 Greening of industrial processes Industries Department Environment Protection Department Immediate on future industries and 3 years on existing 13 Electric Vehicle charging points Ministry of Petroleum Ministry of Industries 5 years 14 Draft Zig-Zag Brick Kiln technology Environment Protection Department All Pakistan Brick Kilns Owners Association 5 years 15 Leadership on air quality issues Higher Education Department Environment Protection Department One year 16 Regional environmental agreements Ministry of Climate Change Ministry of Foreign Affairs Environment Protection Department TBD
- 32. During the meeting Mussolini asked Allama Iqbal to give some exceptional Suggestion Allama Iqbal Smiled and replied, Our prophet said: “Do not allow overcrowding of the cities. Limit the size of the population of a city and after that limit instead of allowing them to settle there, create new settlements and cities for them” Bemused, Mussolini requested Iqbal to elaborate further. Iqbal said, “As population of a city increases, its moral values and economic power start waning. Worst, immoral activities start challenging the cultural strength.” Mussolini stared Allama Iqbal for a moment and then he stood up and spoke in an enthusiastic voice. “I’m amazed by the idea,”. 32 Islam’s Solution
- 33. 33 Question & Answer Session
Editor's Notes
- #12: Dawn report 05.02.2019