An easy way into your sap systems v3.0
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Default accounts are commonly exploited to gain unauthorized access to SAP systems. The presentation identifies several new default accounts in SAP Solution Manager with the password "init1234" that can be used to retrieve passwords, execute operating system commands, and fully compromise associated SAP systems. It provides examples of how these accounts can be exploited and advises customers to use available tools to detect and remediate exposed default accounts.
An easy way into your sap systems v3.0
- 1. Exploiting new default accounts in SAP systems
- 2. Introduction Something about SAP security Unknown default accounts Impact Exploitation: combination with other vulnerabilities Research Solutions Concluding Agenda
- 3. Introduction Who is ERP-SEC • Company specialised in securing SAP systems and infrastructures • Regular presenters on SAP Security • Research: Reported and credited for dozens of SAP vulnerabilities • Developer Protect4S – SAP Certified Security Analyser for SAPTM • SAP Development Partner • Our mission is to raise the security of mission–critical SAP platforms with minimal impact on day–to–day business. Who am I • SAP Technology enthusiast • SAP security researcher (1395) • Co-founder ERP-SEC • 15+ years background in SAP technology / SAP security (SAP basis)
- 4. Something about SAP • Market leader in enterprise application software • ~ 300.000 customers worldwide • SAP customers include: – 87% of the Forbes Global 2000 companies – 98% of the 100 most valued brands • Headquarters: Walldorf, Germany, offices in more than 130 countries • Founded April 1, 1972 • Over 75.000 employees worldwide • 74% of the world’s transaction revenue touches an SAP system • Bottomline: Interesting Target! Source: http://www.sap.com/bin/sapcom/en_us/downloadasset.2016-01-jan-26-01.SAP-Corporate-Fact-Sheet-En-20160126-pdf.bypassReg.html Something about SAP
- 5. Switzerland – IPv4 scanning for SAProuter, SAP RFC Gateway and SAP Diag ports Something about SAP http://zonums.com/iptools/ipmapper.php
- 6. SAP Security General state of SAP security • We see more awareness at customers for SAP security but from awareness to action is still not the default • The bigger the company, the more SAP security they do • Still a large part of customers lack basic security measures, especially the ones outside the Fortune 2000 • SAP is working hard to improve security for years now. See for example the SAP Security Baseline. Now it’s up to customers to take action… • In 100% of our SAP Security assessments we found SAP default accounts.
- 7. SAP Security When doing SAP Security assessments… No need to explain: most easy way in via username & password Who needs buffer overflows, DEP/ASLR bypass, XSS, SQLi when you have credentials Two big attack vectors in every SAP system: • SAP Default accounts • SAP RFC gateway (and from there RFC pivoting …) Owning SAP systems often comes down to getting access to credentials. Sniff / social engineer / phish for accounts Easiest option: Default accounts!!!
- 8. Default accounts and IoT Default accounts - Mirai http://www.csoonline.com/article/3126924/security/here-are-the-61-passwords-that-powered-the-mirai-iot-botnet.html
- 9. Default SAP accounts Publically known SAP default accounts RISK USER PASSWORD CLIENT REMARK Very High SAP* 06071992 / PASS 001,066,etc… Hardcoded kernel user Very High IDEADM admin Almost all IDES clients Only in IDES systems Very High DDIC 19920706 000,001,… User has SAP_ALL High CTB_ADMIN sap123 N.A. Java user High EARLYWATCH SUPPORT 066 Has rights to get password hash for SAP* from USR02 table and sometimes OS execution Medium TMSADM PASSWORD / $1Pawd2& 000, sometimes copied to others A new default password as the old one was too well known? Medium / Low SAPCPIC ADMIN 000,001 Can be used for information retrieval and in some cases for vulnerabilities where only authentication is needed
- 10. Default SAP accounts Accounts with a previously unknown SAP default password Let’s meet some new default accounts*: *The list does not include the more recent users like for example SM_<SM-SID> that are created with a custom password CVE-2016-4033 RISK USER TYPE PASSWORD SOLMAN SATELLITE HIGH SMD_ADMIN System init1234 X HIGH SMD_BI_RFC System init1234 X HIGH SMD_RFC System init1234 X HIGH SOLMAN_ADMIN Dialog init1234 X HIGH SOLMAN_BTC System init1234 X HIGH SAPSUPPORT Dialog init1234 X X HIGH SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> Dialog init1234 X MED/HIGH SMDAGENT_<SID> System init1234 X X MED CONTENTSERV System init1234 X MED SMD_AGT System init1234 X
- 11. How do these users get created? Every customer has a SAP Solution Manager. Transaction SOLMAN_SETUP starts wizards for basic system setup and additional scenario’s
- 12. How do these users get created? Class CL_SISE_CONSTANTS contains default attributes for the password
- 13. Why do these users get created? • The SAP Solution Manager supports many scenario’s for managing the SAP landscape • When scenario’s are activated, specific users are created per scenario • Some examples of scenario’s: – Technical monitoring – Data volume management – Custom code management
- 14. Where do they get created? • Most user get created in Solution Manager, • SMDAGENT_<SID> user also in satellite systems for Solution Manager Diagnostics scenario USER TYPE PASSWORD SOLMAN SATELLITE SMD_ADMIN System init1234 X SMD_BI_RFC System init1234 X SMD_RFC System init1234 X SOLMAN_ADMIN Dialog init1234 X SOLMAN_BTC System init1234 X SAPSUPPORT Dialog init1234 X X SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> Dialog init1234 X SMD_AGT System init1234 X CONTENTSERV System init1234 X SMDAGENT_<SID> System init1234 X X
- 15. Impact SAP Solution Manager, right in the middle of your business systems… • The SAP Solution Manager is the heart of your SAP landscape and connects to the other SAP systems • Often seen as the ‘Spider in the web’ or the ‘Active Directory’ of SAP landscapes • Leaves the entire SAP landscape at risk when compromised.
- 16. Impact So how bad is this… • If those users exist with the default password? BAD! • Some of these users have broad authorisations. In some cases profile SAP_J2EE_ADMIN was added. • The SAP Solution Manager is often seen as a technical system, authorisations handled by the basis team (not their core business). • See the SAP Security guide for all created users and roles.
- 17. Exploitation (Combined with other Vulnerabilities) these users can do • Native SQL execution • SMB relay • OS command execution • Creating new SAP users • Retreival and bruteforcing of password hashes • Etc, etc… All leading to a Full business compromise!
- 18. Exploitation Exploitation Example 1 • Dialog user SAPSUPPORT / init1234 • Has many roles, amongst which ZSAP_SM_SA38 execute any ABAP program: • Use program RSSAA_CALLEXTERN to inject OS commands
- 19. Exploitation
- 20. Exploitation Exploitation Example 2: Snagging SAP credentials • System user SMDAGENT_<SID> • Exists in Sol. Manager AND connected systems! • Combines remote FM (/SDF/GEN_PROXY ) that acts as wrapper to call local FM (/SDF/RBE_NATSQL_SELECT ) to execute SQL • Retreive ANY DB table content. • Example: PW hashes --> bruteforce offline
- 21. Exploitation
- 22. Exploitation Exploitation Example 3 • System user SOLMAN_BTC / init1234 • Can be used to execute OS commands via Function Module SXPG_STEP_XPG_START • And from there use the implicit trust relation to the Database to create an SAP user directly in the SAP database with SAP_ALL (no application level audit).
- 23. Exploitation
- 24. Exploitation Exploitation Example 4: Metasploit command shell • System user SOLMAN_BTC / init1234 • Use Metasploit (also see @nmonkee his MWR modules!) • For example:
- 25. Exploitation
- 26. Exploitation Exploitation Example 5: POST-EXPLOITATION: PoC SAP ransomware • Why not take a complete business for ransom? • That’s where the money is and a sense of urgency to pay • Personal prediction: Similar things seen in the wild within couple of years
- 27. Research How we discovered this • Found by indexing ABAP sourcecode with SOLR (Credits to Martin Ceronio) • RTFM: SAP Solution Manager 7.0 EHP1 End-to-End Root Cause Analysis – User Administration guide
- 28. Research How we discovered this • SAP note 1265580
- 29. Solutions How to protect? Use the free tooling from our website to detect if mentioned users exist with a default password in your SAP systems. Alternatively use SAP Security hero Martin Gallo his PySAP tooling. https://github.com/CoreSecurity/pysap
- 30. Solutions How to protect? • See SAP Security note 2293011 for help • Check and change passwords of before mentioned users • Delete user SMD_ADMIN if you operate SAP Solution Manager 7.1 SP10 or higher. • Also see SAP notes – 1985387 - Potential information disclosure relating to SAP Solution Manager – 2119627 - Change the Password for the Diagnostics Agent Connection User in SAP Solution Manager – 1774432 - Missing authorization check in ST-PI – 1727914 - Missing authorization checks in ST-PI – 1535611 - Missing authorization check in ST-PI – 2248735 - Code injection vulnerability in System Administration Assistant – 1416085 - PFCG: Authorization maintenance for object S_RFCACL • Do not use “*” values for authorisation objects S_RFC and S_RFCACL • Setup honeytokens for users that are not needed for operations • Freshly installed SAP Solution Manager 7.1 and 7.2 systems are not concerned Consider installing fresh system instead of upgrade (depending on configuration)
- 31. Future work More research needed in some areas: • Get better insight in exact amount of affected systems • Get better understanding of all individual users and roles they have and how these evolved over time • Get better understanding as of which particular versions users where created with default passwords
- 32. Concluding Wrapping up: • Do not solely trust on Segregation of Duties, but remember SAP Security is also about your SAP Application, Operating system, Database, Network components, Frontends… • Check and change passwords of all default accounts in all clients in all systems • Patch, patch, patch • Involve other teams • Do periodic reviews of code, authorizations and platform/infrastructure security (tooling can help) • Read the documentation
- 33. References For more information please refer to: SAP Security notes: 2293011- Upgrade Information: Default Users within SAP Solution Manager 2253549 - The SAP Security Baseline Template 1985387 - Potential information disclosure relating to SAP Solution Manager 2119627 - Change the Password for the Diagnostics Agent Connection User in SAP Solution Manager 1774432 - Missing authorization check in ST-PI 1727914 - Missing authorization checks in ST-PI 1535611 - Missing authorization check in ST-PI 2248735 - Code injection vulnerability in System Administration Assistant 1416085 - PFCG: Authorization maintenance for object S_RFCACL SAP Security guide for the SAP Solution Manager Metasploit framework SAP user extract module ABAP Indexing via SOLR MWR Metasploit modules ERP-SEC free tooling CoreSecurity PySAP
- 34. Questions “When a bug finally makes itself known, it can be exhilarating, like you just unlocked something. A grand opportunity waiting to be taken advantage of.” Source: Mr Robot S01E03 d3bug ?
- 35. SAP, R/3, ABAP, SAP GUI, SAP NetWeaver and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. The authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. The authors do not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics, links, or other items contained within this material. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. The authors shall have no liability for damages of any kind including without limitation direct, special, indirect, or consequential damages that may result from the use of this document. SAP AG is neither the author nor the publisher of this publication and is not responsible for its content, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written permission of ERP Security BV. © 2016 ERP Security BV. Disclaimer