An Efficient Design and FPGA Implementation of JPEG Encoder using Verilog HDL
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This paper presents an embedded multi-parameter patient monitoring system that continuously measures ECG, body temperature, respiration rate, and evoked potentials using specialized sensors. The system enhances diagnostic accuracy and efficiency by alerting doctors to abnormalities while allowing remote patient condition monitoring through online videography. Key components include various sensors, signal conditioning, and a microcontroller interfaced with a personal computer for data storage and processing.
![An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring System
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 08/2014/045)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 187
Fig. 3.1: System Description
A. Sensors
The system consists of different sensors and it is used to
convert the quantities into the electrical signals that can be
read by the physician r by the instrument. A sensor is a
device which receives signal when it connected to patient’s
body.A sensor’s sensitivity indicates how much the sensor’s
output changes with respect to the measured input valve. To
maintain accuracy in sensor it is calibrated against know
standrads.
B. Signal Conditioner
Signal conditioner is used to desgined to manipulate an
analog signal to meet the requirement of next stage for
future processing. It is used to improve the strength of
received signal . For our circuit it ranges from 0v to 1000mv
and it is amplified to 5volts. It meets the requirements of the
next processing stage.
C. Microcontroller Unit
The MC unit in our system is PIC16F877A is used for
signal processing. PIC is the enhanced version of embedded
controller. Microcontroller are designed for embedded
applications. Microcontroller are used to receive and
transmit data from the signal conditioner.
D. RS 485
RS 485 is communication bus that can be used to form
simple network to multiple devices. The common
communication interface for long distance is RS 485. It is a
serial communication cable of length 4000feet and it can
transfer information from one device to many computers. It
can able to carry data of 10Mbits/s.
E. Personal Computer
PIC is linked to PC through the RS-485 cable. The signals
which is received from the patient is compared with the
stored data in computer. Data can be stored in memory
devices and the output can be displayed in the form of
tabular column. The stored data in PC can be used for the
future reference.It gives the GUI for the system.
The network of the system is assembled and it is
shown in the fig3.2
IV. .SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The GUI used for the system is visual basics6.0
A. Visual basics 6.0
VB 6.0 is major tool that is similar to windows application.
It is a programming language and it is supported until
windows 7. It is governed by an event processor.Nothing
happens until the signal is detected .Once the signal is
detected, the code is executed to that particular signal.
Some features of visual basics 6.0:
Auto width
Reduce the programme coding and the coding is
simply
Many method of file system is available
Many styles is customized
Look and feel technology and many color schemes
is available
It is more gradient to normal and highlighted
environment
All components have customized gradient mode.
Hyperlinks to create web resources in URLS, web
addresses
V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The program is coded in VB 6.0. the code is programmed
for measurement of ECG, evoked potential, respiration rate,
Body temperature. A certain limit is specified in program
for all parameters. The code is simulated and the program is
verified.
Fig. 5.1: Output window
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper implements embedded in multi parameter
monitoring system has been introduced. Each parameter
uses separate sensors for monitoring the patient’s
condition.The patient’s condition can be diagnosed by
doctors in any part of the hospital.the obtained result is more
accurate. The proposed system has the following advantages
namely system cost and size is reduced, speed and length of
the cable is increased and data can be transferred from one
device to many computers.
REFERENCES
[1] Bennett, S. (1993). A History of Control Engineering
1930-1955. London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd. On behalf](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijsrdv2i8116-150923115626-lva1-app6892/85/An-Efficient-Design-and-FPGA-Implementation-of-JPEG-Encoder-using-Verilog-HDL-2-320.jpg)
![An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring System
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 08/2014/045)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 188
of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. ISBN 0-
86341-280-7.
[2] DS3695,DS3695A,DS3695AT,DS3695T,DS96172,D
S96174,DS96F172MQML,DS96F174MQML:
Application Note 847 FAILSAFE Biasing of
Differential Buses (Literature Number: SNLA031),
Texas Instruments, 1998
[3] J. Wang, J. Zhao and B. Yan, " Real-time and
Embedded System Testing for Biomedical
Applications," Journal of Software, vol. 5, pp. 1060-
1067, 2010.
[4] Data Sheet 19-0122 –
MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487–
MAX491/MAX1487: Low-Power, Slew-Rate-
Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers, Maxim
Integrated, September 2009
[5] LTC2850/LTC2851/LTC2852 3.3V 20Mbps
RS485/RS422 Transceivers, Linear Technology
Corporation, 2007
[6] ADM3483/ADM3485/ADM3488/ADM3490/ADM3
491 (Rev. E), Analog Devices, Inc., 22 November
2011.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijsrdv2i8116-150923115626-lva1-app6892/85/An-Efficient-Design-and-FPGA-Implementation-of-JPEG-Encoder-using-Verilog-HDL-3-320.jpg)
An Efficient Design and FPGA Implementation of JPEG Encoder using Verilog HDL
- 1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 08, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 186 An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring System J.M. Jayanthi gayathri1 V.saranya2 S.mahalakshmi3 V. Ramesh Kumar4 4 Assistant Professor 1,2,3,4 Adhiyamaan college of engineering, Hosur-109 Abstract— This paper deals with the measuring of multi – parameter to measure ECG, temperature, evoked potential, respiration rate which uses sensors to measure the patient condition continuously in ICU. For each parameter it uses separate sensors .this multi-channel parameter uses special type of sensors called infracted rays (IR) which are not harmful to human body. All this signals are collected from the patient’s body then it is send to the computer and it is diagnosed by the doctor .It reduces the work for the doctors and it gives accurate values. If any abnormalities in the patient’s body it produces alarm and it alerts the doctors. This paper also deals with online videography i.e the doctors can view the patient’s condition anywhere from the hospital’s. Results are stored in the secondary storage system in computer for future reference. the results are obtained in the form of graph, waveforms. Keywords: ICU, DNA, AFM I. INTRODUCTION The main objective of the paper is to reduce the size and cost of the system and to increase the speed of the system by using embedded system. Electrocardiography is known as ECG, is a diagnostic equipment to measure the functioning of heart. ECG is used to record the electrical activity of heart. The patient’s in ICU requires continuous monitoring of heart if any changes in the heart condition e.g, in case of blockage of heart vessel. It also provide information about the cardiac disorders such as enlargement of heart vessels, inactive part of heart vessels. Heart rate measurement (or)heart pulse is used to measure the number of heart beats per minute.Normally for adult human Heart rate ranges from 60-100bpm in resting condition. In case of Bradycardia (slow heart rate )ranges below 60 bpm and for Tachycardia(fast heart rate) ranges above 100bpm in resting condition. In human body Heart rate is measured from wrist,neck and index of the finger by using sensor. Evoked potential is used to measure the electrical potential from the brain. The Evoked potential normally ranges fromMicrovolt to several Microvolts. Its function is to record or stimulate the central nervous system structure. Body temperature is to measure the normal temperature of the human body.The normal body temperature ranges from 37.0C to 36.8C.Body temperature is measured from arm or in the ear.Body temperature varies from person to person and from place to place in human body. Respiration rate is used the number of breaths for every 60 seconds. Respiration rate is measured when the person is at rest by counting number of breaths for every one minute. In patient monitoring it involves the method of capnography, pneumography. While measuring the respiration rate patient shouldnot have any difficulties in breathing. Part 2 discuss about the electrodes and sensors used in multi-parameter system.part 3 represents the proposed multi-parameter system.Part 4 represents the software used in multi-parameter system. Part 5 represents the results.Part 6 represents the conclusion of the paper. II. SENSORS AND ELECTRODES DESCRIPTION A. Sliver-Sliver Chloride Electode: Evoked potential uses the silver-sliver chloride electrodes to capture the signals from the nervous system of brain. silver- silver chloride electodes is reusable electrode and its requires minimal care. This electrode can be sterilized easily. Ag/Agcl electrodes are nonpolarized electrodes because it allows the current to flow between the electrolyte and electrode.Gold electrode with gel are used to record the EEG it has higher impedence than AgAgcl electrode. So AGAGCL electrode is used to lower the impedence of the electrode. B. Resistance Temperature Detector(Rtd) RTD is used to measure the temperature sensor that operates principle that a body’s electrical resistance changes with temperature. RTD is made up of nickel, copper, platinum material. The material made up of RTD has two layer’s inner and outer layer. RTD inner layer is a resistive coil made up of ceramic insulator. RTD outer layer is a resistive material made up of glass or ceramic material which is insulated . This material is used to measure the different body temperature. C. Thermistor Thermistor works as thermal resistor and it is also called as special solid temperature sensor. It works on the principle of ohm’s law (i.e) voltage is proportional to current and varies with temperature. Thermistor is made up of polymer or cermaics.It is more accurate and interchangeable. D. Blood Oxy Sensor Blood oxygen sensor is a non-invasive method and it is used to measure a person’s oxygen saturation. A sensor is placed on a patient’s body usually at fingertip (or) earlobe. It gives the percentage of blood with loaded oxygen. The sensor’s utilizes an electronic processor and a pair of LED’S. The LED’S wavelength ranges from 660-940 nm. This sensor is portable and serves as a remainder to check blood oxygen levels. III. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The block diagram of the system is Illustrated in below figure 3.1.The system uses sensors to collect signal from the patient’s body. This signal’s are preamplified to reduce baseline-wander, power line interference noise. The parameters are converted to digital values by an embedded microcontroller. An alarm circuit is connected to device and it produce alarm when there is any abnormalities in patient’s condition.
- 2. An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring System (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 08/2014/045) All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 187 Fig. 3.1: System Description A. Sensors The system consists of different sensors and it is used to convert the quantities into the electrical signals that can be read by the physician r by the instrument. A sensor is a device which receives signal when it connected to patient’s body.A sensor’s sensitivity indicates how much the sensor’s output changes with respect to the measured input valve. To maintain accuracy in sensor it is calibrated against know standrads. B. Signal Conditioner Signal conditioner is used to desgined to manipulate an analog signal to meet the requirement of next stage for future processing. It is used to improve the strength of received signal . For our circuit it ranges from 0v to 1000mv and it is amplified to 5volts. It meets the requirements of the next processing stage. C. Microcontroller Unit The MC unit in our system is PIC16F877A is used for signal processing. PIC is the enhanced version of embedded controller. Microcontroller are designed for embedded applications. Microcontroller are used to receive and transmit data from the signal conditioner. D. RS 485 RS 485 is communication bus that can be used to form simple network to multiple devices. The common communication interface for long distance is RS 485. It is a serial communication cable of length 4000feet and it can transfer information from one device to many computers. It can able to carry data of 10Mbits/s. E. Personal Computer PIC is linked to PC through the RS-485 cable. The signals which is received from the patient is compared with the stored data in computer. Data can be stored in memory devices and the output can be displayed in the form of tabular column. The stored data in PC can be used for the future reference.It gives the GUI for the system. The network of the system is assembled and it is shown in the fig3.2 IV. .SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The GUI used for the system is visual basics6.0 A. Visual basics 6.0 VB 6.0 is major tool that is similar to windows application. It is a programming language and it is supported until windows 7. It is governed by an event processor.Nothing happens until the signal is detected .Once the signal is detected, the code is executed to that particular signal. Some features of visual basics 6.0: Auto width Reduce the programme coding and the coding is simply Many method of file system is available Many styles is customized Look and feel technology and many color schemes is available It is more gradient to normal and highlighted environment All components have customized gradient mode. Hyperlinks to create web resources in URLS, web addresses V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The program is coded in VB 6.0. the code is programmed for measurement of ECG, evoked potential, respiration rate, Body temperature. A certain limit is specified in program for all parameters. The code is simulated and the program is verified. Fig. 5.1: Output window VI. CONCLUSION This paper implements embedded in multi parameter monitoring system has been introduced. Each parameter uses separate sensors for monitoring the patient’s condition.The patient’s condition can be diagnosed by doctors in any part of the hospital.the obtained result is more accurate. The proposed system has the following advantages namely system cost and size is reduced, speed and length of the cable is increased and data can be transferred from one device to many computers. REFERENCES [1] Bennett, S. (1993). A History of Control Engineering 1930-1955. London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd. On behalf
- 3. An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring System (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 08/2014/045) All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 188 of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. ISBN 0- 86341-280-7. [2] DS3695,DS3695A,DS3695AT,DS3695T,DS96172,D S96174,DS96F172MQML,DS96F174MQML: Application Note 847 FAILSAFE Biasing of Differential Buses (Literature Number: SNLA031), Texas Instruments, 1998 [3] J. Wang, J. Zhao and B. Yan, " Real-time and Embedded System Testing for Biomedical Applications," Journal of Software, vol. 5, pp. 1060- 1067, 2010. [4] Data Sheet 19-0122 – MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487– MAX491/MAX1487: Low-Power, Slew-Rate- Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers, Maxim Integrated, September 2009 [5] LTC2850/LTC2851/LTC2852 3.3V 20Mbps RS485/RS422 Transceivers, Linear Technology Corporation, 2007 [6] ADM3483/ADM3485/ADM3488/ADM3490/ADM3 491 (Rev. E), Analog Devices, Inc., 22 November 2011.