ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BRIDGE FOUNDATION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1877
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BRIDGE FOUNDATION
PRADEEP N. PAYGHAN1, PROF. GIRISH SAWAI2
1M-tech, Student, Dept. of CIVIL V. M. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur
2Prof., Head-Dept. of CIVIL V. M. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The bridge is structure which includes too many
structural components visible as well as below the ground,
they may look simple but the analysis and the structural
design of all those components, even the simplest bridge type
can be a fairly laborious and cumbersome job especially with
respect to the various elements of the bridge superstructure
and substructure. For bridges located on major perennial
rivers or non-perennial river will have to be made support on
deep foundations like wells or pile foundations, the design of
which involves lengthy computational effort. The bridge
engineer should be equipped with a handy computationaltool
with the help of which he can quickly and reliably determine
the suitability of various layouts and configuration of the sub-
structure before finalizing the most optimum design of the
substructure. In this thesis attempt has been made to analysis
and design the substructure for bridges withsimply-supported
spans with the help of various structuralengineeringsoftware
available. The computer programs like Autodesk InfraWorks,
STAAD Pro. BEAVA & Staad Foundation will be used for this
purpose. These programs include the analysisofcircularpiers.
Also, it includes the option for the complete analysis and
design of pile foundations on the basis of the relevant IS Codes
of Practice.
Key Words: Bridge engineering,bearingcapacity,codeof
practice, pile foundation, Autodesk Infraworks, Staad
Pro.
1.INTRODUCTION
Bridges have been the most visible testimony tothe
contribution of engineers. Bridges have always figured
prominently in human history. They enhancethevitalitiesof
the cities and aid the social, cultural and economic
improvements of the locations around them. Bridge is a
structure providing passageoveranobstaclewithoutclosing
the way beneath. The required passage may be for a road, a
railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipelineandtheobstacle to
be crossed may be a river, a road, railways or a valley.
The portion of the bridge structure below the level of the
bearing and above the founding level is generally referred to
as the substructure. The design of bridge substructure is an
important part of the overall design for a bridge and affects
to a considerable extent the aesthetics, the safety and the
economy of the bridge. Bridge substructure are a very
important part of a bridge as it safely transfers the loads
from the superstructure to the earth in such a manner that
the stresses on the soil are not excessive & the resulting
deformations are within the acceptable limits. The selection
of the foundation system for a particular site depends on
many considerations, including the nature of subsoil,
location where a bridge is proposed to be constructed i.e.
over a river, road, or a valley, etc. & the scour depth.
A bridge may have eitherhavethefollowingtypes of
foundations:
1. Well foundations: It is the most common type of
foundation in India for both road & railway bridges. Such
foundation can be sunk to great depths and can carry very
heavy vertical and lateral loads. Wellfoundationscanalsobe
installed in a boulder stratum. It is a massivestructureandis
relatively rigid in its structural behavior.
2. Pile foundations: It consist of relatively long and slender
members, called piles which are used to transfer loads
through weak soil or water to deeper soil or rock strata
having a high bearing capacity. They are also used in normal
ground conditions for elevated road ways. The analysis and
the design of all the components of a bridgeparticularlywith
reference to the bridge substructure can become a very
lengthy and laborious task if the calculations are attempted
manually.
In this study an attempt has been made to avoid those
lengthy manual calculations required for analysis of Super
structure and the design of substructure by using various
software used by structural engineer for the analysis and
design of sub-structures for concrete bridges with simply
supported spans.
1.1 Objective
To carry out analysis and design of sub-structures for
concrete bridges with simply supported spans with the help
of software: Autodesk InfraWorks, Staad Pro. Beava & Staad
Foundation in following way:
1. Importing the location of on-going Kanhan Bridge in
Autodesk InfraWorks using Google maps terrain
2. Analysis of span between 3rd, 4th and 5th piers in Staad
Pro.
3. Design of Pile foundation in Staad Pro.

1.2 Introduction to Software
1) Autodesk InfraWorks 360
Autodesk InfraWorks is a planning and design platform that
enables engineers to quickly and easily convey preliminary
design intent in a real-world, contextual environment,
increasing stakeholder buy-in and team decision-making. It
leverages automated, rich 3D model buildingcapabilitywith
web-based technology and vertically-specialized
functionality to provide infrastructure engineers with the
industry’s most compelling conceptual design tool.
2) STAAD Pro Beava
STAAD Pro is comprehensive structural engineering
software that addresses all aspects of structural engineering
including model development, verification, analysis, design
and review of results. It includes advanced dynamic analysis
and push over analysis for wind load and earthquake load.
The commercial version, STAAD.Pro, is one of the most
widely used structural analysis and design software
products worldwide. It supports several steel, concrete and
timber design codes.
2. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Importing the location of on-going Kanhan Bridge
in Autodesk InfraWorks using Googlemapsterrain
Using Autodesk InfraWorks, we have created,a rich
3D Bridge model on the line of New Kanhan bridge as a
preliminary conceptual design with all superstructure as
well as foundation componentonthebasisofAASHTOCODE.
Detailed Dimension is as following.
We will be using this Bridge model asa referencefor
analysis in Staad Pro Beava which is meant for structural
analysis of bridge.
The details required for the analysis and design for
substructure are given below:
DETAILS OF ROAD
 Function: Freeway
 Speed: 110.0 km/h
 Design Standards: AASHTO LRFD
BRIDGE DETAILS
 Dead load on each span: 1500 Kn
 Length of end span: 25 m
 Length of mid span: 35 m
 Web thickness of simply supported girder: 0.2 m
 Top Width of simply supported girder: 1.1 m
 Bottom Width of simply supported girder: 0.7 m
 Type of Carriage way: Two lane carriage way
 Clear carriage way width: 7.5 m
 Type of girder: Precast I
 No of girder: 4
DETAILS OF PIER
 Type of Material used in Pier: Reinforced Concrete
 Type of Pier used in bridge: Hammer-head Type
Pier
 C/s of pier: 3.0x2.0 m
 Height of Pier: 7 m
 No of Pier: 9
PIER CAP DETAILS
 Size of pier cap provided: 2.5x2.0m
 Depth of pier cap provided: 2.0m
COLUMN DETAILS
 Diameter: 2.0 m
 Width: 3.0 m
 Depth: 1.8 m
Fig 1. Existing Kanhan Bridge in Google Maps

Fig 2. Coordinates of Kanhan Bridge located
Fig 3. Adding Roads using feature Roads
Fig 4. Bridge created
Fig 5. Bridge Result
Analysis of Bridge span between 3rd, 4th and 5th
piers in Staad Pro.
First create the beams in grid. Then Translational Repeat
applied and span between pier 3,4 & 5 is created Slab is
created using Surface meshing.ThenSectionandMaterial is
applied to piers, Beam caps, Girders and Plates using
General (Properties). Provide fixed support to column.
Beam offset feature is used to place girder under slab &
girders on beams exactly. At last beam cap is placed over
column properly. Proper placement will look lie in fig.
Fig 6. Bridge in Staad Pro

Apply loading (Self weight as Dead load} and Analyse it. In
next steps, on Bridge Mode, Deck is created with roadways
and using IRC loadings Class AA+R & Influence Surface
Generator is activated. Now You ready to generate loading
Using "Run Load Generator"
Here you will have to Provide Information like-1. Which
deck? 2. IRC loading chapter 3, 3. Maximum displacement
and on which, 4. Last step, you have to add maximum
support reactions node and direction with impact.
Now use command "Create Loading in Staad Model" and
Load generation is completed. Go to Staad pro and nowyou
can see IRC load cases are added in Load Cases Details.
Finally, analyze for the last lime. After analysis following
results are obtained. We are giving here, Report of Input
Details as well as Output Details.
Input Details
Included in this printout are results for load cases:
Type
L/
C
Name
Primary 1 DL
Primary 2
IRC: SLS Class 70R+A Loading N26:
Disp Y -ve
Primary 3
React FY +ve
Primary 4
React FY +ve
Primary 5
React FY -ve
Section Properties
Pr
op
Section
Area
(cm2)
Iyy
(cm
4)
Izz
(cm
4)
J
(cm
4)
Materi
al
1
Rect
2.00x3.00
60E 3
450
E 6
200
E 6
470
E 6
CONCR
ETE
2
Rect
2.00x2.50
50E 3
260
E 6
167
E 6
342
E 6
CONCR
ETE
4
I160016C5
0040
895.0
00
105
E 3
4.63
E 6
3.65
E 3
CONCR
ETE
Plate Thickness
Pro
p
Node
A
(cm)
Node B
(cm)
Node
C
(cm)
Node
D
(cm)
Materia
l
3 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000
CONCRE
TE
Materials
Ma
t
Name
E
(kN/mm2)
Density
(kg/m3)
(/°C)
3 STEEL 205.000 0.30
0
7.83E
3
12E -
6
4
STAINLESSS
TEEL
197.930
0.30
0
7.83E
3
18E -
6
5 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.33
0
2.71E
3
23E -
6
6 CONCRETE 21.718 0.17
0
2.4E 3 10E -
6
Self-weight: 1 DL
Direction Factor
Y -1.000
Beam Stresses
Beam Graphs-IRC loading

Out Put Report:
-
Node Displacement Summary
No
de
L/C
X
(m
m)
Y
(mm
)
Z
(m
m)
Resul
tant
(mm)
Max
X
17
3:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading N6:
ReactFY+ve
1.37
0
1.392
-
0.20
1
1.963
Min X 1
4:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading
N12: React
FY +ve
-
3.01
6
3.281
0.72
7
4.515
Max
Y
5
4:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading
N12: React
FY +ve
-
2.80
8
2.55
3
-
0.48
7
3.826
Min Y 26 1:DL
0.00
0
53.0
66
0.13
0
53.06
7
Max
Z
1
4:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading
N12: React
FY +ve
3.01
6
3.281
0.72
7
4.515
Min Z 45 1:DL
0.03
3
31.70
2
0.582
31.70
7
Max
rX
2 1:DL
0.13
2
0.540 0.486 0.739
Min
rX
14 1:DL
0.13
2
0.540 0.486 0.739
Max
rY
45 1:DL
0.03
3
31.70
2
0.582
31.70
7
Min
rY
48 1:DL
0.03
3
31.70
2
0.582
31.70
7
Max
rZ
27
5:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading
N18: React
FY -ve
0.93
3
-
16.0
21
-
0.18
3
16.04
9
Min
rZ
24
2:IRC: SLS
Class 70R+A
Loading
N26: Disp Y
-ve
0.53
8
-
20.1
38
0.14
1
20.14
6
Max
Rst
26 1:DL
0.00
0
-
53.0
66
0.13
0
53.06
7
Beam Graphs-Forces on Beam

Beam Displacement Detail Summary
Beam L/C
d
(m)
Max X 31
5:IRC: SLS Class
70R+A Loading
N18: React FY -ve
8.750
Min X 26
2:IRC: SLS Class
70R+A Loading
N26: Disp Y -ve
8.750
Max Y 10
4:IRC: SLS Class
70R+A Loading
N12: React FY +ve
0.000
Min Y 29 1:DL 8.750
Max Z 75 1:DL 8.750
Min Z 7 1:DL 0.000
Max
Rst
29 1:DL 8.750
PILE FOUNDATION-
We will use Staad Foundation platform for Pile Foundation
Design.
 Staad Foundation-Comprehensive Foundation
Design Software
It gives efficient foundation designanddocumentationusing
plant-specific design tools, multiple design codes including
Indian codes and metric bar sizes, design optimization, and
automatic drawinggeneration.STAADFoundationAdvanced
provides you with a streamlined workflow through its
integration with STAAD.Pro or as a stand-alone application.
You can design virtually any type of foundation, from basic
to the most complex.
Easily model complex or simple footings, such as plant
foundations supporting vertical vessels, horizontal vessels,
tanks and other footings
Quickly model common foundations such as isolated,
combined, strip, pile caps, and many more
Simplify challenging scenarios such as vibrating machine
foundation, lateral analysis of piers, or mat designusingFEA
Efficiently use your structural model with the foundation
model through integration with STAAD.Pro, including
automatically synced changes in both models
X
(mm)
Y
(mm)
Z
(mm)
Resultant
(mm)
2.033 -16.021 -0.374 16.154
-3.709 -20.138 0.264 20.479
-2.456 2.553 -0.497 3.577
0.000 -53.067 0.428 53.068
0.162 -0.540 3.237 3.286
0.162 -0.540 -3.234 3.283
0.000 -53.067 0.428 53.068
STEPS: -
1. The Bridge model is exported to Staad
Foundation under mode "Foundation Design"
2. You can see the Geometry of Support as well Node
numbers on graphic screenofStaadFoundationand
Loads in Load description table.

3. Generate the Load combination for Service Load &
Ultimate Load
4. Job set up created as- Name-Kanhan Bridge, Job
Type- Kanhan Bridge,Design Code-
Indian,Default Unit Type- SI, Support
Assignment-Assign to all supports.
5. Under Loading- Include all loads
6. New job is created- Pile Cap Job
7. Provide Pile cap diameter and Spacing in Design
Parameters for all supports-6, 12,18
Load Table for support no. 12
Pile Arrangement for Support no.6
Bearing Capacity of soil
RESULTS: -
Design for Pile Cap P6
Column Shape: Rectangular Column
Length - X (Pl): 2.000 m
Column Width - Z (Pw): 3.000 m
Pedestal
Include Pedestal? No Pedestal Shape: N/A
Pedestal Height (Ph.): N/A
Pedestal Length - X (Pl): N/A
Pedestal Width - Z (Pw): N/A
Pile Cap Geometrical Data
Pile Cap Length PCL = 12.250 m
Pile Cap Width PCW = 13.990 m
Initial Pile Cap Thickness tI = 0.300 m

[
Pile Geometrical Data
Pile spacing Ps = 3.750 m
Pile Edge distance e = 0.500 m
Pile Diameter dp = 1.500 m
Pile Capacities
Axial Capacity PP = 500.000 kN
Lateral Capacity PL = 100.000 kN
Uplift Capacity PU = 300.000 kN
MaterialProperties
Concrete f'c = 25000.004 kN/m^2
Reinforcement fy = 415000.070 kN/m^2
ConcreteCover
Bottom Clear Cover CCB = 0.050 m
Side Clear Cover CCS = 0.050 m
Pile in Pile Cap PCP = 0.075 m
Loading applied at top of cap
Load
Case
Fx
(kN)
Fy
(kN)
Fz
(kN)
Mx
(kNm)
My
(kNm)
Mz
(kNm)
1 0.000 -4369.106 -579.838 -1698.317 0.000 -0.001
2 31.502 -673.606 -243.203 -668.478 0.000 -2343.145
3 3.130 -776.250 -190.920 -503.129 0.000 1026.802
4 -44.766 -101.116 -81.313 -246.367 0.000 651.060
5 -14.454 7.390 9.811 57.020 0.000 194.729
6 79.592 12.182 23.176 67.614 0.000 -858.705
101 55.004 -5900.507 -1062.286 -2991.657 0.000 -1329.260
201 77.006 -8260.710 -1487.200 -4188.319 0.000 -1860.963
202 66.005 -7080.609 -1274.743 -3589.988 0.000 -1595.112
Pile Cap size (in investigated direction) H = 12.250 m
Pile Cap size (in investigated perpendicular direction)
B=13.990m
PILE CAP DESIGN CALCULATION
Pile Reactions
Total pile number N = 18
Arrangement Reaction
Pile No. X
(m)
Y
(m)
Axial (kN) Lateral
(kN)
Uplift
(kN)
1 -5.625 -6.495 -565.779 82.733 0.000
2 -5.625 -0.000 -490.668 82.733 0.000
3 -5.625 6.495 -415.557 82.733 0.000
4 -3.750 -3.248 -541.445 82.733 0.000
5 -3.750 3.248 -466.334 82.733 0.000
6 -1.875 -6.495 -592.223 82.733 0.000
7 -1.875 0.000 -517.111 82.733 0.000
8 -1.875 6.495 -442.000 82.733 0.000
9 0.000 -3.248 -567.889 82.733 0.000
10 0.000 3.248 -492.777 82.733 0.000
11 1.875 -6.495 -618.666 82.733 0.000
12 1.875 0.000 -543.555 82.733 0.000
13 1.875 6.495 -468.444 82.733 0.000
14 3.750 -3.248 -594.332 82.733 0.000
15 3.750 3.248 -519.221 82.733 0.000
16 5.625 -6.495 -645.110 82.733 0.000
17 5.625 0.000 -569.998 82.733 0.000
18 5.625 6.495 -494.887 82.733 0.000
Reinforcement Calculation
Maximum bar size allowed along length # 40
Maximum bar size allowed along width # 40
Bending Moment at Critical Section = -12397.603 kNm
(Along Length)
Bending Moment at Critical Section = -15073.662 kNm
(Along Width)
Pile Cap Thickness t = 0.744 m
Selected bar size along length # 25
Selected bar size along width # 32
Selected bar spacing along length = 100.47 mm
Selected bar spacing along width = 112.20 mm
PileCap Thickness Check
Calculated Thickness (t) = 0.744 m
Check forMoment(AlongLength)
Critical load case for thickness is reported only when
requiredthicknessismorethanthegivenminimumthickness
Critical Load Case: 201
Pile No. Moment along
x1-x1(kNm)
Moment along
x2-x2(kNm)
1 -2616.681 0.000
2 -2269.297 0.000
3 -1921.914 0.000
4 -1488.947 0.000

5 -1282.395 0.000
6 -518.185 0.000
7 -452.464 0.000
8 -386.743 0.000
9 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000
11 0.000 -541.323
12 0.000 -475.602
13 0.000 -409.881
14 0.000 -1634.384
15 0.000 -1427.832
16 0.000 -2983.578
17 0.000 -2636.194
18 0.000 -2288.811
Effective Depth(def) = =
0.607m
Depth of neutral axis for balanced
section(xu)= = 0.291m
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G, G-1.1 C
Ultimate moment of resistance(Mulim)=
= 17796.223 kNm
We observed Mu <= Mulim hence
singly reinforced and under reinforced section can be used
Check for Moment (Along Width)
Critical load case for thickness is reported only when
requiredthicknessismorethanthegivenminimumthickness
Pile No. Moment along
y1-y1(kNm)
Moment along
y2-y2(kNm)
1 -2826.015 0.000
2 0.000 0.000
3 0.000 -2075.667
4 -946.158 0.000
5 0.000 -814.904
6 -2958.098 0.000
7 0.000 0.000
8 0.000 -2207.750
9 -992.368 0.000
10 0.000 -861.113
11 -3090.181 0.000
12 0.000 0.000
13 0.000 -2339.833
14 -1038.577 0.000
15 0.000 -907.322
16 -3222.264 0.000
17 0.000 0.000
18 0.000 -2471.916
Governing moment (Mu)= -15073.662 kNm
We assume singly reinforced and under reinforcement
section
Effective Depth(def) = =
0.607m
Depth of neutral axis for balanced
section(xu)= = 0.291m
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G, G-1.1 C
Ultimate moment of resistance(Mulim)=
= 15582.826 kNm
We observed Mu <= Mulim hence
singly reinforced and under reinforced section can be used
Check for One Way Shear (Along Length)
Pile No. ShearForce
x1-x1(kN)
Shear Force
x2-x2(kN)
1 -495.154 0.000
2 -430.773 0.000
3 -366.392 0.000
4 -474.297 0.000
5 -409.915 0.000
6 -351.427 0.000
7 -307.734 0.000
8 -264.041 0.000
9 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000
11 0.000 -366.810
12 0.000 -323.116
13 0.000 -279.423
14 0.000 -519.628
15 0.000 -455.247
16 0.000 -563.152
17 0.000 -498.771
18 0.000 -434.390
TOTAL -3099.733 -3440.537

Design Shear Force for One-Way Action Vu= -3440.537 kN
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX B, B-5.1 and Clause No 34.2.4.2
Design Shear Stress (Tv) = = -405.154 kN/m^2
Allowable Shear Stress (Tc)
= = 544.703 kN/m^2
Where Beta = =4.438
and percentage of steel required (pt) = =0.654
Here Tv <= Tc Hence safe
Check for One Way Shear (Along Width)
Pile
No.
ShearForce
y1-y1(kN)
Shear Force
y2-y2(kN)
1 -495.154 0.000
2 0.000 0.000
3 0.000 -366.392
4 -474.297 0.000
5 0.000 -409.915
6 -517.820 0.000
7 0.000 0.000
8 0.000 -389.058
9 -496.962 0.000
10 0.000 -432.581
11 -540.486 0.000
12 0.000 0.000
13 0.000 -411.724
14 -519.628 0.000
15 0.000 -455.247
16 -563.152 0.000
17 0.000 0.000
18 0.000 -434.390
TOTAL -3607.500 -2899.307
Design Shear Force for One-Way Action Vu= -3607.500 kN
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX B, B-5.1 and Clause No 34.2.4.2
Design Shear Stress (Tv) = = -424.815 kN/m^2
Allowable Shear Stress (Tc)
= = 632.278 kN/m^2
Where Beta = =3.016
and percentage of steel required (pt) = =0.962
Here Tv <= Tc Hence safe
Check for Two Way Shear (Along Length)
Pile No. Two-wayShear at
column face
(kN)
1 -495.154
2 -430.773
3 -366.392
4 -474.297
5 -409.915
6 -517.820
7 -399.480
8 -389.058
9 -496.962
10 -432.581
11 -540.486
12 -419.448
13 -411.724
14 -519.628
15 -455.247
16 -563.152
17 -498.771
18 -434.390
TOTAL -8255.279
Design Two-Way Shear force= -8255.279kN
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.2.1
Two Way Shear Stress(Tv) = =-1094.314 kN/m^2
Where, perimeter of critical section(b0) =2X(b+h+2Xd)
=12.48m
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Allowable shear stress = =1250.000 kN/m^2
Where, ks = =1.000
Ratio of shorter to longer dimension(Bc)= 0.667
and, Tc = =1250.000 kN/m^2
Tv < KsTc hence Safe
Calculation of Maximum BarSize (Along Length
Selected maximum bar size = 40 mm
Bar diametercorrespondingtomaxbarsize(db)=40.000mm
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause No 26.2.1
Development Length(ld) = =1.612m
Allowable Length(ldb) = =5.075m
ldb >ld hence, safe

Calculation of Maximum BarSize (AlongWidth)
Selected maximum bar size =40 mm
Bar diametercorrespondingtomaxbarsize(db)=40.000mm
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause No 26.2.1
Development Length(ld) = =1.612m
Allowable Length(ldb) = =5.445m
ldb >ld hence, safe
Selection of Bottom and Top Reinforcement
Top reinforcement is provided same as bottom
reinforcement
AlongLength
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin)
= =12288.817
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G, G-1.1 b
Area of steel required (Asq) =
)X b X d= 67786.125
Area of steel provided (Ast) = 67786.125
Astmin<= Ast Steel area is accepted
Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) = 40 + db= 65 mm
Selected spacing (S)= 100.47 mm
Smin <= S <= 450 mm and selected bar size < selected
maximum bar size...
The reinforcement is accepted.
Along Width
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin)
= =10922.101
As Per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G, G-1.1 b
Area of steel required (Asq) =
)X b X d= 86947.638
Area of steel provided (Ast) = 86947.638
Astmin<= Ast Steel area is accepted
Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) = 40 + db= 72 mm
Selected spacing (S)= 112.20 mm
Smin <= S <= 450 mm and selected bar size < selected
maximum bar size...
The reinforcement is accepted.

3. CONCLUSIONS
This paper discussed the design and analysis of
bridge foundation subjected to Indian Standard code. The
study focused on the design and analysis of bridge’s
foundation using STAAD Pro. In project wecreatethesuper
structure data required for foundation design. For that we
used Autodessk Infraworrks in which, we create the whole
bridge and analyze it. After analysing the results’ details
taken for designing pile foundation in STAAD Pro.Beava.In
this for 3rd, 4th and 5th span we design foundation.
• From the project it is concluded
1. We can create/built bridge using Autodesk
Infraworks software without using survey data.
2. STAAD PRO has the capability to calculate the
reinforcement needed for any concrete section.
3. It is possible to analyze and design the bridge
substructure with the help of software andtimecan
be saved by avoiding lengthy calculations required
for analysis and design of bridge substructure.
SCOPE FOR FURTHER WORK
For more convenience in analysis and design of bridge
substructure little software can be developedperforming all
the calculation on one platform instead of using many
software. This will help the structural designer to save his
effort and time in case of more complicated design of sub
structure for bridge
REFERENCES
1. IS: 456 2000; Plain and ReinforcedConcrete– Code
of Practice (Fourth Revision ; BIS, New Delhi.
2. AASHTO, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications, AASHTO,Washington, DC,USA,2004.
3. Design and Analysis of Sub-Structure of Bridge-A
Review by M.Prabu, R.Vijayasarathy Journal of Civil
Engineering and ConstructionTechnologyVol.2(5),
pp. 101-118, May 2011
4. Design and analysis of bridge design using STAAD
PRO by S. N. Krishna Kanth and DR. V. Anjaneya
Prasad International Journal of Research Sciences
and Advanced Engineering Volume 2, Issue 12, PP:
211 - 224, OCT - DEC’ 2015.
5. Design and analysis of bridge foundation with
different codes by Hussein Yousif Aziz* and Jianlin
Ma Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction
Technology Vol. 2(5), pp. 101-118, May 2011
6. Analysis of Water Flow Pressure on Bridge Piers
considering the Impact Effect by Yin-huiWang, Yi-
song Zou, Lue-qin Xu, and Zheng Luo, Hindawi
Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in
Engineering Volume 2015.
7. https://www.autodesk.com/products/infraworks/f
eatures
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAAD
9. https://www.bentley.com/en/products/product-
line/structural-analysis-software/staadpro
10. IS: 2911 (Part I/Sec 2) – 1979; Code of Practice for
Design and Construction of Pile Foundations,
Concrete Piles, Bored Cast In-situ Piles (First
Revision ; BIS, New Delhi.
11. IS: 2911 (Part III) – 1980; “Code of Practice for
Design and Construction of Pile Foundations,
Under-reamed Piles (First Revision ; BIS, New
Delhi.
12. IRC: 6 – 2000; Standard specifications and code of
practice for road bridges, Section: II, Loads and
Stresses (Fourth Revision ; The Indian Road
Congress, New Delhi.
13. IRC: 78 – 2000; Standard specifications andcodeof
practice for road bridges, Section: VII, Foundations
and Substructure ; The Indian Road Congress, New
Delhi.
14. IRC: 6 – 2000; Standard specifications and code of
practice for road bridges, Section:II, Loads and
Stresses (Fourth Revision ; The Indian Road
Congress, New Delhi.
15. IRC: 78 – 2000; Standard specifications andcodeof
practice for road bridges, Section:VII, Foundations
and Substructure ; The Indian Road Congress, New
Delhi.
16. Saran, S. (1996); Analysis and Design of
Substructure - Limit State Design SecondEdition ;
Oxford & IHB Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
17. Ramamrutham, S. (2005); Theory of Structure
(Eighth Edition ; DhanpatRaiPublishing Company
(P) Ltd., New Delhi.
18. Arora, K. R. (2003); Soil Mechanics andFoundation
Engineering (Sixth Edition ; Standard Publishers
Distributors, New Delhi.

19. Das, B. M. (2004); Principles of Foundation
Engineering (Fifth Edition) ; Brook/ColesPub. Co.,
CA.
20. Jain, A. K. 1993 ; ReinforcedConcrete– LimitState
Design (Fourth Edition ; NemChand & Bros.,
Roorkee, Fourth Edition.
21. SP: 34 (S & T) (1980); (and Book on Concrete
Reinforcement and Detailing ; BIS,New Delhi.
BIOGRAPHIES
Pradeep N. Payghan
M-tech(Structure),
V.M.Institute of Engineering
and Technology,
Dongargaon, Wardha Road,
Nagpur

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BRIDGE FOUNDATION

More Related Content

Similar to ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BRIDGE FOUNDATION (20)

More from Scott Donald (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BRIDGE FOUNDATION