Android Operating System
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The document provides an overview of the Android operating system, detailing its history, features, and architecture. It covers various aspects including Google’s development of Android, application development processes, supported technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and mobile networking, along with the advantages and disadvantages of Android devices. Additionally, it discusses security measures and the upcoming Android versions.
Android Operating System
- 1. ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM RENOY REJI MCA, Christ University
- 2. CONTENTS What Is Android History Features Google Android Bluetooth Technology Wi Fi 3G And 4G Commonly Used Packages Android Applications
- 3. CONTENTS Development Process For Android Application Building And Running Apps Android Architecture Versions Of Android OS Upcoming Versions Types Of Devices Advantages Disadvantages Android Security
- 4. WHAT IS ANDROID?? Android is an open source operating system, created by Google specifically for use on mobile devices (cell phones and tablets). Linux based (2.6 kernel). Android apps can be programmed in C/C++ but most application development is done in Java (Java access to C Libraries via JNI (Java Native Interface)). Android OS supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G networking.
- 5. HISTORY 2005 Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android platform Work on Dalvik, VM begins 2007 Open Handset Alliance announced Early look at SDK 2008 Google sponsors 1st Android Developer Challenge T-Mobile G1 announced SDK 1.0 released Android released open source (Apache License) Android Dev Phone 1 released
- 6. HISTORY 2009 SDK 1.5 (Cupcake) New soft keyboard with “autocomplete” feature SDK 1.6 (Donut) Support Wide VGA SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair) Revamped UI, browser 2010 Nexus One released to the public SDK 2.2 (Froyo) Flash support, tethering SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread) UI update, system-wide copy-paste
- 7. HISTORY 2011 SDK 3.x (Honeycomb) Optimized for tablet support SDK 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Virtual UI buttons 2012 SDK 4.1.1 (Jelly Bean) Triple buffered graphics pipeline
- 8. FEATURES Configuration of the Smartphone Platform 3G/4G connectivity Wi-Fi connectivity Bluetooth connectivity Accelerometer w/compass Ambient light sensor Proximity sensor GPS Gyroscope
- 9. GOOGLE ANDROID A software stack for mobile devices that includes An operating system Middleware Key Applications Uses Linux to provide core system services Security Memory management Process management Power management Hardware drivers
- 10. BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY Open wireless technology Developed by Ericsson (1994) Originally supposed to replace wired RS-232 Short distance via low power, short distance radio Allows creation of personal area networks Mostly to connect wireless peripheral devices to a host computer (mice, headsets, microphones, keyboard) Can also be used to communicate between two host computers wirelessly (replace serial cables)
- 11. WI-FI Used to brand certified products that belong to a class of wireless local area network based on IEEE Standard 802.11 Currently there are 3 versions of 802.11 in common use: B, about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors G, 54 Mbits about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors N, 600 Mbits, about 1.5 miles in open air, uses MIMO (multiple input and output antennas)
- 12. 3G AND 4G 3G – 3rd Generation Network Must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services and provide peak data rate of 200 kbits/sec 4G – 4th Generation Network Provides a comprehensive and secure IP based solution for IP based telephony, ultra broadband internet, gaming services and streamed multimedia. Peak data rate of 100 Mbit for high mobility devices and 1 Gbit for low mobility devices.
- 13. COMMONLY USED PACKAGES IN ANDROID OS User interface controls and widgets User interface layout Secure networking and web browsing Structured storage and relational databases (SQLite RDBMS) 2D and 3D Graphics SGL and OpenGL Audio and visual media support Access to optional hardware (GPS)
- 15. ANDROID APPLICATIONS Built using Java and new SDK libraries No support for some Java libraries like Swing & AWT Java code compiled into Dalvik byte code (.dex) Optimized for mobile devices (better memory management, battery utilization, etc.) Dalvik VM runs .dex files
- 16. DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR AN ANDROID APPLICATION
- 17. BUILDING AND RUNNING AN APP ADB is a client server program that connects clients on developer machine to devices/emulators to facilitate development. An IDE like Eclipse handles this entire process for you.
- 18. APPLICATIONS ON ANDROID By default, each app is run in its own Linux process Process started when app’s code needs to be executed Threads can be started to handle time- consuming operations Each process has its own Dalvik VM By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID Permissions are set so app’s files are only visible to that app
- 22. VERSIONS OF ANDROID OS
- 23. UPCOMING VERSIONS Android 4.4.3 Kitkat date still unconfirmed. A new version of Android OS which could be called Android 4.5 or Android 5.0 is in the pipeline at Google. Google will make its appearance on June 25, 2014 during Google’s I/O Conference in San Francisco. According to “THE WESTSIDDE SRORY” (June1, 2014 Edition), Android5.0 will be called LOLLIPOP.
- 24. TYPES OF ANDROID DEVICES
- 25. GALAXY NOTE 3 GALAXY TABLET
- 29. ADVANTAGES Always with the user Typically have Internet access Typically GPS enabled Typically have accelerometer & compass Most have cameras & microphones Many apps are free or low-cost
- 30. DISADVANTAGES Limited screen size Limited battery life Limited processor speed Limited and sometimes slow network access Limited or awkward input: soft keyboard, phone keypad, touch screen, or stylus Limited web browser functionality Range of platforms & configurations across devices
- 31. ANDROID SECURITY Relies on security of it’s foundations; Linux, Davlik, and Java. Security Goal: “A central design point of the Android security architecture is that no application, by default, has permission to perform any operations that would adversely impact other applications, the operating system, or the user.”
- 32. ANDROID SECURITY Application Sandboxes All Applications run as their own Linux user. Several Inter-Process Communication methods: Activities Services Broadcast Receiver Content Provider Applications utilize a capability like model to protect the system and the user.