![Isaiah 44:24–45:1, ESV
I am Yahweh…who says of Jerusalem, ‘She shall
be inhabited,’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They
shall be [re]built, and…who says of CYRUS…he
shall fulfill my purpose’; saying of Jerusalem, ‘She
shall be built,’…This is what Yahweh says…to
CYRUS.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/part3-210902162327/85/Apologetics-Part-3-74-320.jpg)
![When you see Jerusalem surrounded by
armies, then know that its destruction has
arrived…Flee to the mountains, and let those
who are inside [Jerusalem] escape.
(Luke 21:20–24 ESV)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/part3-210902162327/85/Apologetics-Part-3-83-320.jpg)
![The Christians in Jerusalem were commanded by a
prophecy before the war to escape and go to the city
of Pella in Perea. [They] left Jerusalem…all Jesus’
followers abandoned Jerusalem and Judea.
(Eusebius 3.5.3, 4th Century)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/part3-210902162327/85/Apologetics-Part-3-85-320.jpg)
Apologetics Part 3
- 1. Part 3 Can I Trust the Bible?
- 4. The Bible 1. Mistranslated/Miscopied 2. Not Historical 3. Picked by a committee 4. Written by Men 5. Filled with Mistakes
- 6. The bible was translated, re- translated, and re-translated; copied, re-copied, and re-copied so that what we have today is different from what they wrote
- 9. 1. Was the Bible miscopied or mistranslated?
- 10. OT Autographs NT Autographs Autographs: The Original Handwritten Text
- 11. OT Autographs NT Autographs Greek NT Copies Hebrew OT Copies Greek OT Copies Dead Sea Scrolls Copies We Found
- 12. OT Autographs NT Autographs Greek NT Copies Hebrew OT Copies Greek OT Copies Dead Sea Scrolls Latin Bible
- 13. OT Autographs NT Autographs Greek NT Copies Hebrew OT Copies Greek OT Copies Dead Sea Scrolls Latin Bible Greek OT Hebrew OT Latin Bible Greek NT
- 19. Our Bibles were translated From most ancient texts
- 20. OT Autographs NT Autographs Greek NT Copies Hebrew OT Copies Greek OT Copies Dead Sea Scrolls
- 21. Versus
- 22. Leningrad Codex (National Library in St. Petersburg, written 1008 AD From the Masoretic Text dated 600 AD
- 23. Aleppo Codex, Israel Museum in Jerusalem copied in 900 AD From the Masoretic Text, 600 AD
- 24. Codex Amiatinus, Latin Vulgate, British Museum copied in 700 AD From the Latin Vulgate 400 AD
- 25. Codex Sinaiticus, British Museum 330 AD Greek Septuagint 100 BC
- 26. Great Isaiah Scroll (Q1 Isa a), Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 300 BC
- 27. Ancient Copies of the Bible John Rylands Papyrus (130 AD) Bodmer Papyrus (150 AD) Diatessaron (170 AD) Cheater Beatty (200 AD) Vaticanus Codex (325 AD) Sinaiticus Codex (350 AD) Alexandrinus Codex (400 AD) Dead Sea Scrolls (150 BC) Septuagint (250 - 100 BC) Latin Vulgate (400 AD) Aramaic Targums (100 BC) Masoretic Texts (600 AD) Old Testament New Testament
- 28. Other Copies Available NT quotations by church fathers NT quotations in prayer books OT Quoted in the Talmud OT quotations in prayer book OT quotations in rabbinic texts Old Testament New Testament
- 29. Compare with Historical Documents Author Date Earliest Copy # Copies Author Date Earliest Copy # Copies Plato 100 BC 900 AD 7 Herodotus 400 BC 900 AD 8 Homer 300 BC 1100 AD 643 Josephus 80 AD 1050 AD 120 Julius Caesar 100 BC 900 AD 10 NT Greek 90 AD 200 AD 5,800 Aristotle 300 BC 1100 AD 5 NT Other 90 AD 400 AD 19,300 Tacitus 100 AD 1100 AD 20
- 31. Francesca Stravrakopoulou, Ph.D. Bible Scholar, Exeter University
- 32. The Exodus Story 1445 BC
- 33. “The story was written during the time of King Josiah of Judah in the 7th Century, 600 years after the Exodus supposedly occurred.” (The Bible Unearthed, 2002) Israel Finkelstein Israeli Archaeologist
- 34. David Rohl Exodus Myth or History (2015) “Exodus story is historical”
- 36. Evidence of Hebrew Settlements in 1450 BC
- 37. Avaris Plague Burial Pit (1450 BC)
- 38. Kahun Semitic Settlement dated 1450 BC
- 39. List of Hebrew Slaves from Egypt’s Middle Kingdom Brooklyn Papyrus, 1800 BC
- 40. Invasion of Canaan 1400 BC
- 41. Kathleen Kenyon (1906 - 1978)
- 43. Tel Jericho, Archaeological Site (1400 BC)
- 44. Destruction of Hazor (1400 BC)
- 45. Amarna Letter King Akhenaten to Pharaoh Amenhotep III Asking help against invading “Hapirus” (1380 BC)
- 46. Edict of Cyrus 540 BC
- 47. In the fi rst year of Cyrus king of Persia…the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus …so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom and also put it in writing: “Thus says Cyrus king of Persia: The LORD, the God of heaven has … charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem (Ezra 1:1–3 ESV)
- 48. Cyrus Cylinder 530 BC
- 49. Flood Stories
- 51. Great Flood of Gun-Yu Chinese Xia Dynasty 2300 BC
- 52. Legend of Manu & Matsya India 700 BC
- 53. Legend of Una Pachakuti Inca, Peru 700 BC
- 54. Other Evidences • Global Jurassic Sea • Global strata limestone • Astroid destroyed life • Settlements on bottom of Black Sea
- 55. Historic Jesus
- 56. Extra-Biblical Accounts On the Eve of Passover they hanged Jesus the Nazarene Sanhedrin 43a There was about this time Jesus, a wise man…a doer of wonderful works…He drew over to him both many of the Jews and man of the Gentiles…Pilate had him condemned to the cross. Antiquities of the Jews (XVIII 3:3)
- 57. Extra-Biblical Accounts Nero blamed Rome’s fire on a class…called Christians. Christus, whom they were named after, was executed during the reign of Tiberius…by Pontius Pilatus, for mischievous superstition Tacitus Book 15 ch 44
- 58. 3. Picked by Committee
- 60. Da Vinci Code (2006)
- 61. Gospel of Judas (150 AD)
- 62. Who picked the Books? Gospel of Judas (150 AD)
- 63. Books weren’t picked but recognized •Who was the writer? •What was their authority? •Were they an eye witness? •Who vouched for the book? •Is their doctrine consistent?
- 64. Early Lists of the Old Testament • 100 BC - Septuagint listed most of the OT • 50 BC - Targum translated most OT Books • 95 AD - Josephus listed most of the OT • 100 AD - New Testament listed most OT Books • 400 AD - Latin Vulgate listed all the OT Books • 500 AD - Talmud lists all the OT Books (Bava Batra 14b)
- 65. Early Lists of the New Testament • 130 AD - Marcion a heretic listed Paul’s letters and Luke • 150 AD - Justin Martyr listed Gospels, and most Epistles • 170 AD - Muratorian fragment, all except Hebrews, James, Peter • 200 AD - Syriac NT, all books except 2 & 3 John, Jude, Rev. • 250 AD - Origen, books of NT • 300 AD - Codex Vaticanus, all NT except Timothy, Titus, Philemon • 330 AD - Codex Sinaiticus, all NT • 367 AD - Athanasius, all NT
- 66. But what about the other books?
- 67. Gospel of Judas 180 AD El Minya, Egypt (2005)
- 68. Gospel of Thomas 100 AD Cairo Geniza (1945) Nag Hammadi MSS
- 70. 4. Human Book
- 71. Predicted An Historical King Cyrus of Persia
- 72. Babylonian Exile (586 BC)
- 73. Persian Empire (539 BC)
- 74. Isaiah 44:24–45:1, ESV I am Yahweh…who says of Jerusalem, ‘She shall be inhabited,’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They shall be [re]built, and…who says of CYRUS…he shall fulfill my purpose’; saying of Jerusalem, ‘She shall be built,’…This is what Yahweh says…to CYRUS.
- 75. 750 BC “This is what Yahweh says to Cyrus”
- 76. Isaiah 750 BC • First Temple • During King Hezekiah • Before Nebuchadnezzar • Before Babylonian Exile
- 77. Cyrus 539 BC Edict Return Exiles
- 78. Cyrus Cylinder (535 BC)
- 80. Isaiah Scroll, Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 350 BC
- 82. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it…Behold, your house is forsaken. And I tell you, you will not see me until you say: “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!” (Luke 13:34–35 ESV)
- 83. When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its destruction has arrived…Flee to the mountains, and let those who are inside [Jerusalem] escape. (Luke 21:20–24 ESV)
- 85. The Christians in Jerusalem were commanded by a prophecy before the war to escape and go to the city of Pella in Perea. [They] left Jerusalem…all Jesus’ followers abandoned Jerusalem and Judea. (Eusebius 3.5.3, 4th Century)
- 86. Predicted scattering and regathering of the Jews
- 87. And the LORD will SCATTER you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other. (Deut. 28:64 ESV) Then the LORD your God…will GATHER you again from all the peoples where the LORD your God has scattered you… And will return you the land that your fathers possessed. (Deut. 30:3–5 ESV)
- 88. 1400 BC Israel not yet conquered Canaan
- 89. • 70 AD Temple is Destroyed • Jews are scattered • Hebrew stops Jewish Diaspora
- 90. 1880-1930 Jews return 1920 Hebrew reborn 1948 Israel reborn Jewish Regathering
- 91. Palestine in 1870, 382,000
- 92. Israel in 2021 9.05 Million
- 93. It was a self-fulfilling prophecy!!
- 94. Ben Gurion Golda Maier Chaim Weizmann Vladamir Jabotinsky Theodore Herzl Albert Einstein
- 95. Supernatural Authorship 1. Predicted a king & his edict 350 years 2. Predicted destruction of Jerusalem 40 years 3. Predicted the scattering & regathering of the Jews
- 97. The Bible 1. Reliably transmitted 2. Historically accurate 3. Books were recognized 4. Evidence of supernatural authorship 5. Determine autographs