Application of BIM for Scheduling and Costing of Construction Project

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 12 | Dec-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1644
Application of BIM for Scheduling and Costing of Construction Project
Sarita Patil1, Prof. Manish Khandare2
1 Post graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, RMD Sinhgad school of Engineering, warje,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
2 Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RMD Sinhgad school of Engineering, warje , Pune,
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Building Information Modelling (BIM) has
emerged as cutting edge technology for AEC (Architectural,
Engineering and Construction Industry. The concept of BIM
has existed since the 1970s. Since then to till date BIM
applications in AEC Industry has made remarkable
improvements. The AEC industry consists of many separate
layers, and the amount of information a construction
project contains is tremendous. Project time and cost are the
two main elements that concerns all stakeholders. These
elements are vital to the project, and they can be the basic
foundation for decision-making, collaboration,
procurement, etc. Traditional building design was largely
depending upon two-dimensional technical drawings (plans,
elevations, sections, etc.). Building information modeling
extends this beyond 3D, augmenting the three primary
spatial dimensions (width, height and depth) with time as
the fourth dimension (4D) and cost as the fifth (5D). BIM
therefore covers more than just geometry. It also covers
spatial relationships, light analysis, geographic information,
and quantities and properties of building components. The
main aim of this paper is to study the Application BIM for
Scheduling and Costing of Construction Project, its benefit,
Adoption barriers or limitations for its application.
Key Words: BIM, AEC, 3D, 4D & 5D
1. INTRODUCTION
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as
cutting edge technology for AEC (Architectural,
Engineering and Construction Industry. The concept of
BIM has existed since the 1970s. The term 'building
model' (in the sense of BIM as used today) was first used
in papers in the mid-1980s: in a 1985 paper by Simon
Ruffle eventually published in 1986, and later in a 1986
paper by Robert Aish - then at GMW Computers Ltd,
developer of RUCAPS software - referring to the software's
use at London's Heathrow Airport. The term 'Building
Information Model' first appeared in a 1992 paper by G.A.
van Nederveen and F. P. Tolman.[1]
Traditional building design was largely depending upon
two-dimensional technical drawings (plans, elevations,
sections, etc.). Building information modeling extends this
beyond 3D, augmenting the three primary spatial
dimensions (width, height and depth) with time as the
fourth dimension (4D) and cost as the fifth (5D). Therefore
BIM is not just Building Information Modelling but in
simple words it’s a integration of best practices in terms of
Software/s used in each discipline of Project Management
e.g. Design (3 D Modelling), Project Costing and Project
Scheduling.
The core essence of BIM is “I”, which represents the
information that the BIM models can carry. Unlike a 2D
drawing, the 3D models created in modeling software are
not only simple graphics of the future building; but they
also record all data for a project throughout the project life
cycle. .
1.1 Aim of the Project & Paper
The purpose of this project is to study the BIM application
for Project Scheduling and Costing of Construction projects
including barriers in implementing BIM.
1.2 Objective of the Project & Paper
The objective of this project and paper is
i) To Study conventional method of preparing
2D/3D Drawing, Project Scheduling, Quantity Take
Off and Cost Estimation.
ii) To Study BIM (Building Information Modeling) for
Project Scheduling and Quantity Take off by
preparing 3D model in Revit Autodesk for
practical problem.
iii) To Study the Benefits of BIM Applications for
Project Scheduling and Quantity Take off and
additional requirements if any, to be put into the
model to get more benefits in terms of Project
Scheduling and Quantity Take Off.
iv) To compare the conventional methods and BIM
Applications of Quantity Take Off and Project
Scheduling
v) To Study the barriers of an effective
implementation of BIM application for Project
Scheduling and Quantity Take off.

2. PRESENT THORIES & LIETRATURE REVIEW
To gain a thorough understanding of information handling
in BIM Applications for Project Scheduling and Quantity
Take Off / Costing is conducted in the beginning of the
project.
In search of literature, scientific articles, books, and reports
from companies and organizations in the construction
industry have been reviewed. Furthermore, older Master’s
Thesis are studied to attain a broader knowledge of what
research has been conducted in the studies and related
fields.
Following are the list of researcher who has worked in that
area
1) FREDRIK KULLVÉN, KATRINE NYBERG (From
Division of Construction Management, CHALMERS
University of Technology, Sweden) elaborated in
detail about Possibilities with BIM in relation to
cost estimation and scheduling, in their Master of
Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design
and Construction Project Management.
2) Juan Franco, Faiza Mahdi, Hussein Abaza,
Department of Construction Management,
Kennesaw State University mentioned about Using
Building Information Modeling (BIM) for
Estimating and Scheduling, Adoption Barriers, in
their Paper published in Universal Journal of
Management.
3) A Thesis submitted by Dalu Zhang from North
Dakota State University Of Agriculture and Applied
Science gives basics about PROJECT TIME AND
COST CONTROL USING BUILDING INFORMATION
MODELING
The focus of present theories and practices, Literature
Survey lies in the consideration of the what as well the
why.
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
1. Lack of communication, rework, cost and time overrun
are the major problems faced by construction firms.
Timely & accurate feedback of actual cost enables project
managers to take appropriate corrective actions that
would minimize cost overrun in a timely manner & is
possible by using BIM.
2. As project progress, the process of construction
monitoring & control gets more complex due to the huge
amount of information that need to be measured and
analysed.
4. METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives, the methodology
adopted is follows.
i) Study of previous research on BIM Applications for
Project Scheduling and Quantity Take Off /
Costing.
ii) Study of prevailing industry practices for
preparing 2D/3D Drawing, Project Scheduling and
Quantity Estimation / Cost Estimation.
iii) Study of BIM Framework in relation with Modeling
(3D), Project Scheduling (4D) and Quantity Take
Off / Costing (5D)
iv) By preparing of Sample model (3D) by using
Autodesk Revit / Revit Architecture.
v) Comparing process of Conventional Methods of
Quantity Take Off and Project Scheduling with BIM
Application for Quantity Take Off & Project
Scheduling.
vi) Study of Benefits / Advantages of Using BIM
Applications for Quantity Take Off and Project
Scheduling.
vii) Barriers for using BIM Applications for Quantity
Take off and Project Scheduling Navisworks used
to confirm the model and the progress of the
construction on the iPad using the apps
BIM360Glue, Buzzsaw, Autodesk 360
viii)Bridge gapping measures and listing of additional
inputs needed in the Software for additional
benefits.
5. BIM MODELLING - FROM 3D TO 4D & FROM 3D
TO 5D
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process that
involves creating, generating, managing and using a digital
cum graphical representation of physical and functional
characteristics of the Project e.g. quantitative and
qualitative database.
5.1 BIM Modeling From 3D (Modeling) to 4D
(Project Scheduling)
The use of the term 4D is intended to refer to the fourth
dimension; time, i.e.4D is 3D+Schedule (time). The role of
4D BIM is to add a new dimension to 3D CAD Drawings or
Solid modeling.
In order to create a proactive management it is important
for project teams to visualize the construction process in
four dimensions. Creating this link between space and time

is one of the visions with BIM and referred to as the fourth
dimension of CAD. The main idea is to connect activities in
the time plan to objects in the 3D model enabling visual
simulations of the building process by hiding and revealing
objects in a sequential order. The visualized 4D models can
help managers to make decisions about different method
alternatives, and since every object can be coded with
information such as size, material, required workforce and
equipment, they can be used to make time plans, material
delivery plans, purchasing schedules, etc.. In big projects
with many actors it can also be possible to connect
different models and optimize production together with
other stakeholders.
5.2 BIM Modeling From 3D (Modeling) to 5D
(Project Costing)
The use of the term 5D is intended to refer to the fifth
dimension; Cost, i.e.5D is 3D+Cost (Quantity Take Off).
The major benefit of this system is to workout different
design options those can be compared and then act as a
supporting base for decision-making. Furthermore, when
connected to time aspects the model can facilitate cost
control in real time, giving managers the opportunity to
monitor cost developments during projects.
6. SOFTWARES USED
The following softwares are used for the sample
preparation of Case Study for BIM integration 3D with 4D
and 5D
i) Autodesk Revit Architecture - For 5D
ii) Astra Power Project – For 4D
iii) Microsoft Project
6. SAMPLE CASE STUDY
A sample 2D drawing of Room is prepared in AutoCAD and
thereafter 3D Model is prepared using AUTODESK Revit
Architecture.
Fig -1: Sample of 3D Rendered image
Table -1: Sample of Quantity Take Off
Today, most quantity information is produced manually
from 2D drawings. This is a time consuming process and
there is possibility of mistakes, it may be typing mistake or
formula mistake, this can lead to inaccurate quantity
information.
Cost overrun is the main problem in AEC industry. Peeters
& Madauss(2008) stated the biggest cause of cost overrun
is inaccurate estimation at the beginning of the project.
This drawback is overcome by using BIM, By using Revit
2017, quantity is extracted from a model and transfers it
for cost estimation. This can save time and it is very
accurate also. But for getting accurate quantity, model
should be required very accurate and all detailing require
to show in model.
7. CONCLUSIONS
By using BIM for estimation there is 80% reduction in
time as compare to estimation by conventional method.It
saves times. The implementation of BIM in AEC industry
can make the industry more flexible, effective and
innovative.
REFERENCES
[1] BIM origins & elements – Wikipedia
(https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wikiBuilding_inform
ation_modeling & Grid)
[2] Fredrik Kullvén & Katrine Nyberg (2014)
Possibilities with BIM in relation to cost
estimation and scheduling, Master of Science
Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and
Construction Project Management for Division of
Construction Management, CHALMERS University
of Technology, Sweden)..

[3] Juan Franco, Faiza Mahdi , Hussein Abaza from
Department of Construction Management,
Kennesaw State University., (2015) Using
Building Information Modeling (BIM) for
Estimating and Scheduling, Adoption Barriers,
Paper published in Universal Journal of
Management.
[4] Dalu Zhang, (2012) PROJECT TIME AND COST
CONTROL USING BUILDING INFORMATION
MODELING, A Thesis submitted for North Dakota
State University Of Agriculture and Applied
Science.

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