Arc flash calculation guide jim phillips

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Brainfiller®
Guide for:
Arc-Flash Hazard
Calculations
Based on IEEE 1584tm
Guide for Performing
Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations – 2002
Edition and Jim Phillips’ Complete Guide to
Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Studies
Jim Phillips, P.E.
800-874-8883 www.brainfiller.com

Arc Flash Studies How to Perform an Arc Flash Calculation Study
Based on IEEE 1584, NFPA70E, NESC Standards, DC Research and Jim Phillips’ Arc
Flash Book and Guide
Your International Source for Electrical
Power Training
Terms and Conditions / Disclaimer
This guide and worksheets were developed by Brainfiller, Inc. / Jim Phillips, P.E., Scottsdale, AZ and are
provided “as is”. Brainfiller, Inc. / Jim Phillips, P.E., make no warranties or representations of any kind,
whether expressed or implied, for the suitability for use of the guide and worksheets which are being
provided and explicitly disclaim any warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose whatsoever.
Neither Brainfiller, Inc. or Jim Phillips, P.E. are providing or offering to provide engineering services and will
not be responsible for any damage you suffer as a result of using the worksheets regardless of cause.
Calculations should only be conducted under the direction of a qualified Professional Engineer. The
worksheets are developed by Jim Phillips, P.E. and are protected under United States Copyright laws.
Permission is granted to reproduce the worksheets in their entirety without modification and providing
credit to Brainfiller, Inc. and Jim Phillips, P.E .
The worksheets are derived from equations published in IEEE 1584-2002tm. Using the results of the
calculations from these equations does not insure that a worker will not face injury or death from an arc
flash. Following NFPA 70E and IEEE 1584 procedures and wearing the proper protective equipment will
greatly reduce the possibility of injury and death.
ALWAYS WORK ON SYSTEMS PLACED IN AN ELECTRICALLY SAFE CONDITION WHEN POSSIBLE
PER NFPA 70E
By accepting this guide and worksheets, the user agrees to the terms and conditions listed on this page.
Copyright © 2012 Brainfiller, Inc ● All right reserved ● Use of this guide is subject to the terms and conditions provided as part of this document
For information about available trainingprograms by Jim Phillips P.E. call 1-800-874-8883 or visit www.Brainfiller.com ● Page 2

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Complete Guide to Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Studies - $79.00
This book takes Arc Flash to the next level by showing you how to perform
the complete Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Study (AFHCS) including IEEE
1584 calculations, data collection, system modeling and details you need to
perform the complete study..
Using a series of flow charts, examples and calculation worksheets, I break
the study process down to a detailed step by step approach. Many
important and helpful features are included in this book such as:
Step by Step Approach – This book takes the entire AFCS process and
breaks it down into individual steps with one chapter for each step.
Solved examples – Dozens of solved example problems are provided to
help illustrate the details of each equation and calculation method.
Calculation Work sheets – Solving complex equations such as those used
for an AFHCS can seem overwhelming. However, I take each arc flash
equation and breaks it down into simple steps laid out on a work sheet that
you can use for solving the problems.
Tricks and Traps – Many questions and potential problem areas are
frequently encountered when performing the AFHCS. I provides many tricks
that can be used for the study and also warnings about the potential traps
that could be encountered. You will also see how to successfully make
assumptions and simplify the overall process.
Order your copy at:
www.brainfiller.com
800.874.8883
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INDEX
Terms and Conditions / Disclaimer
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Current Calculations
Discussion
Worksheets
Example Problem
3.0 Incident Energy Calculations
Discussion
Worksheets
Arc Flash Duration
Example Problems
4.0 Arc Flash Boundary Calculations
Discussion
Worksheets
Example Problems
5.0 References
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1.0 Introduction
This Brainfiller Guide for Arc Flash Hazard Calculations
contains a series of worksheets that have been developed
based on equations published in IEEE 1584-2002tm
Guide
for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations and Jim
Phillips’ book Complete Guide to Arc Flash Hazard
Calculation Studies. The worksheets are designed to assist
in manual arc flash calculations and are not intended as a
replacement for the IEEE 1584 or NFPA 70E Standards or
any other standards. The user must still comply with the
requirements of these standards which contain additional
details not shown here. The user should obtain a complete
copy of the most current edition of both IEEE 1584 and
NFPA70E
It is assumed the user already has an understanding of arc
flash calculations and related standards. The guide
contains worksheets for estimating arcing short circuit
current, calculating the incident energy and calculating the
arc flash boundary.
For a better understanding of arc
flash calculations, order Jim’s arc
flash video series and book at
www.brainfiller.com
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2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Current Calculations - Discussion
The first step in conducting arc flash
calculations is to estimate the arcing
short circuit current. The magnitude of
an arcing fault will be less than a
bolted faultdue to the arc impedance.
The calculation is based on using the
bolted three phase short circuit current
obtained from a standard short circuit
study. This value along with other
variables such as arc gap distance is
input into the equation on the next
page.
The worksheet in this section provides
a step-by-step process for estimating
the arcing current.
Panel1 X
30,000 Amps
Bolted 3 phase fault
225 A C/B
480 Volts
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IEEE 1584-2002tm
Equation ForEstimating the Arcing ShortCircuitCurrent
log Ia = k + 0.662log Ibf + 0.0966V + 0.000526G + 0.5588V(logIbf)– 0.00304G(log Ibf)
Ia = 10 log Ia
log = log10
Ia = arcing currentin kA
k = - 0.153 foropen air and - 0.097 for arcs in a box
Ibf = bolted three-phase availableshort-circuitcurrent(symmetricalrms kA)
V = system voltage in kV
G = conductorgap in millimeters (mm)
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System
Voltage
(kV)
Type of
Equipment
Typical
Conductor
Gap (mm)
Distance
X-Factor
0.208 to 1
Open-air
Switchgear
MCC’s and panels
Cables
10 – 40
32
25
13
2.000
1.473
1.641
2.000
>1 to 5 Open-air
Switchgear
Cables
13 – 102
102
13
2.000
0.973
2.000
>5 to 15 Open-air
Switchgear
Cables
13 – 153
153
13
2.000
0.973
2.000
Table 1 Factors for Equipment and Voltage Classes - From IEEE 1584-2002tm
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2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Current Calculations - Worksheet
Three Phase Arcing Short Circuit Current Work Sheet
System Voltage < 1kV
Ibf = Bolted 3 Phase ShortCircuit
Currentin kA
G = Conductorgap (mm)
K = - 0.153 foropen air arcs
= - 0.097 for arcs in a box
Step 1 0.662 x log (Ibf) 0.662 x Log ( )
Step 2 0.0966 x V 0.0966 x ( )
Step 3 0.000526 x G 0.000526 x ( )
Step 4 0.5588 x V x log (Ibf) 0.5588 x ( ) x log ( )
0.5588 x ( ) x ( )
Step 5 - 0.00304 x G x log (Ibf) -0.00304x ( ) x log ( )
-0.00304x ( ) x ( )
-
Step 6 Add K K = - 0.153 for open air arcs
K = - 0.097 for arcs in a box
-
Step 7 log (Ia) = Step 1 + Step 2 + Step 3 + Step 4 + Step 5 + Step 6
TotalIarcing 10 log (Ia)
for many calculators enter10 [YX
] (Answerfrom Step 7) kA
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2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Current Calculations – Example Problem
The following example illustrates how
to perform arc flash calculations using
the worksheets. The one line diagram
to the right shows a 480 Volt panel
protected by an upstream 225 Amp
circuitbreaker.
A short circuit study indicates the
available “bolted” three-phase fault
current at Panel 1 is 30,000 Amps.
This example illustrates how to
estimate the arcing short circuit
current.
The power system is considered to be
solidly grounded and the arc flash is in
a box representative ofan enclosure.
Panel1 X
30,000 Amps
Bolted 3 phase fault
225 A C/B
480 Volts
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Three Phase Arcing Short Circuit Current Work Sheet
System Voltage < 1kV
Ibf = Bolted 3 Phase ShortCircuit
Currentin kA
K = - 0.153 foropen air arcs
= - 0.097 for arcs in a box
Step 1 0.662 x log (Ibf) 0.662 x Log ( )
Step 2 0.0966 x V 0.0966 x ( )
Step 3 0.000526 x G 0.000526 x ( )
Step 4 0.5588 x V x log (Ibf) 0.5588 x ( ) x log ( )
0.5588 x ( ) x ( )
Step 5 - 0.00304 x G x log (Ibf) -0.00304x ( ) x log ( )
-0.00304x ( ) x ( )
-
Step 6 Add K K = - 0.153 for open air arcs
K = - 0.097 for arcs in a box
-
Step 7 log (Ia) = Step 1 + Step 2 + Step 3 + Step 4 + Step 5 + Step 6
TotalIarcing 10 log (Ia)
] (Answerfrom Step 7) kA
0.97785
0.04637
0.01315
0.39620
25
25
30
0.11226
30
0.48
25
0.48 30
0.48
1.47712
0.09700
1.22431
16.761
1.47712
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Worksheet - Estimate Arcing ShortCircuitCurrent:
Step 1: Enterthe bolted three phase shortcircuit currentas 30 kA
Step 2: Enterthe voltage in kV as 0.48 kV
Step 3: Select a conductor gap of 25 mm from Table 1 for a panel
Step 4: Enter0.48 kV and 30 kA
Step 5: Enter25 mm gap and 30 kA
Step 6: Selectk = - 0.097 forthe arc occurring in a box (represents a panel)
Step 7: TotalSteps 1 through 6
Step 8: Take 10 and raise it to the powerof Step 7. This is the estimated arcing
currentin kA
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3.0 Incident Energy Calculations - Discussion
Working Distance
IncidentEnergycal/ cm2The next step is to calculate the incident
energy in calories/centimeter2
(cal/cm2
).
Incident energy is defined as “the amount
of energy impressed on a surface, a
certain distance from the source” The
distance from the source is referred to as
“working distance”.
Two equations are used for this step. The
first equation is used to determine the
incident energy based on a normalized
working distance of 24 inches and a
clearing time of 0.2 seconds. The second
equation is used to adjust the normalized
data to specific conditions. The clearing
time is normally determined from the
upstream protective device’s time current
curve using the estimated arcing current.
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3.0 Incident Energy Calculations - Discussion
To determine the incidentenergy atthe worker location:
log Ein = k1 + k2 + [1.081 x ( log Ia)] + 0.0011G
Ein = 10 Log Ein
Ein is normalized for0.2 s and 610 mm working distance (24 inches)
To calculate Eifor specific condition:
Ei = 4.184 x Cf x Ein [ (t / 0.2 ) x (610 / Dw)x
]
Ia = arcing currentin kA G = conductorgap in millimeters (mm)
k1 = open air or in a box factor k2 = ground / ungroundedfactor
Cf = calculation factor X = distance exponent
t = arcing time in seconds from time currentcurves Dw = working distance
Metric conversions:1 Inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.24 cal/ cm2
= 1 Joule/cm2
Since lower fault currents can cause overcurrent devices to respond more slowly, a second
calculation is also performed based on 85% of the estimated current to account for unknowns.
The greater of the two incident energy calculations is used for the results. Caution must be
used since parts of the body closer than the working distance can receive an increased
incident energyexposure requiringgreaterpersonal protective equipment (PPE).
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2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Calculations
NormalizedIncidentEnergy Ein - Worksheet A
Normalizedto a 24 inch Working Distance and 0.2 Second Clearing Time
System Voltage< 15kV
Ia= 3 Ph.Arcing ShortCircuit Current (kA)
K1 = - 0.792 foropen air arcs
K1 = - 0.555 forarcs in a box
K2 = 0 for ungroundedorhi Z
K2 = -0.113 forgrounded
Step 1 1.0811 x log (Ia) 1.0811 x log ( )
Step 2 0.0011 x G 0.0011 ( )
Step 3 Add K1 K1 = - 0.792 foropen air arcs
-
Step 4 Add K2 K2 = 0 for ungroundedorhi Z
-
Step 5 log (Ein) = Step 1 + Step 2 + Step 3 + Step 4
TotalEin
(1)
10 log (Ein)
] (Answerfrom Step 5)
(1) Energy is normalized for arcing time of 0.2 Seconds and working distance of 24 inches (610 mm)
Ein must be adjusted for other than 0.2 Seconds and working distance of 24 inches (610 mm) by using Worksheet B
3.0 Normalized Incident Energy Calculations - Worksheet
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3.0 Adjusted Incident Energy Calculations – Worksheet
AdjustedIncident Energy Ei - Worksheet B
NormalizedIncidentEnergy Adjustment to Specific Working Distance and Clearing Time
Dw = working distance in mm
mm = Inches x 25.4
t = arcing time (Seconds)
Cf = 1.0 for V > 1kV
Cf = 1.5 for V < 1kV
X = distance exponentfactor
Ein = normalized incidentenergy
Step 1 (610 / Dw )X
[( ) / ( )]
X
Step 2 t / 0.2 ( ) / 0.2
Step 3 Cf x Ein ( ) x ( )
Step 4 TotalEi = Step 1 x Step 2 x Step 3 cal/cm2
Step 5 (1) To convertfrom cal/cm2 to Joules/cm2 multiply Step 4 X 4.184 J/cm2
(1) The units in Step 4 are cal/cm2 Step 5 is optional and is used to convert from cal/cm2 to Joules/cm2.
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3.0 Incident Energy Calculations – Arc Flash Duration
This example illustrates how to
calculate the incident energy in
cal/cm2
based on the estimated arcing
short circuit current found in the
previous example. A time current
curve of the upstream 225 Amp circuit
breaker is provided and is used to
define the arc flash duration.
The breaker clearing time is 1 cycle
for both 100% and 85% of the
estimated arcing current. Therefore
100% will be used as the worst case.
This calculation is considered to be an
arc in the box case since it is a panel
and it is also considered to be a
solidly grounded system.
Panel1 X
16,761 Amps
Arcing Fault
225 A C/B
480 Volts
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3.0 Incident Energy Calculations – Arc Flash Duration
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.01 .01
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800 800
900 900
1000 1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES X 10 AT 480 VOLTS
CURRENT IN AMPERES X 10 AT 480 VOLTS
TIMEINSECONDS
TIMEINSECONDS
The graph to the right illustrates the
time current curve of the upstream
225 Amp circuit breaker. Based on
the estimated arcing short circuit
current of 16,761 amps, the clearing
time would be 1 cycle or 0.0167
Seconds.
According to IEEE 1584 2002, an
additional calculation using 85% of
the estimated arcing current should
also be evaluated to determine if the
slightly lower current would yield a
longer clearing time resulting in
greater total incident energy. Both
100% and 85% of the arcing current
should trip the breaker in 1 cycle
based on this time currentcurve.
16,761 A
100%
0.0167
Seconds
14,247A
85%
225A molded case
circuit breaker
225 Amps
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2.0 Arcing Short Circuit Calculations
NormalizedIncidentEnergy Ein - Worksheet A
Normalizedto a 24 inch Working Distance and 0.2 Second Clearing Time
Ia= 3 Ph.Arcing ShortCircuit Current (kA)
K1 = - 0.792 foropen air arcs
K2 = 0 for ungroundedorhi Z
Step 1 1.0811 x log (Ia) 1.0811 x log ( )
Step 2 0.0011 x G 0.0011 ( )
Step 3 Add K1 K1 = - 0.792 foropen air arcs
-
Step 4 Add K2 K2 = 0 for ungroundedorhi Z
-
Step 5 log (Ein) = Step 1 + Step 2 + Step 3 + Step 4
TotalEin
(1)
10 log (Ein)
] (Answerfrom Step 5)
(1) Energy is normalized for arcing time of 0.2 Seconds and working distance of 24 inches (610 mm)
Ein must be adjusted for other than 0.2 Seconds and working distance of 24 inches (610 mm) by using Worksheet B
3.0 Normalized Incident Energy Calculations – Example Problem
1.32360
0.02750
0.555
0.113
0.68310
16.761 kA
25mm
4.82059
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3.0 Normalized Incident Energy Calculations – Example Problem
Worksheet A – Normalized Incident Energy Calculations
Step 1: Enter the estimated arcing short circuit current as 16.761 kA
Step 2: Select an arc gap of 25 mm from Table 1 for a panel
Step 3: Select k1 = - 0.555 for the arc occurring in a box (represents a
panel)
Step 4: Select k2 = - 0.113 for a grounded system
Step 5: Add Steps 1 through 4
Step 6: Take 10 and raise it to the power of the answer found in Step 5. This
is the normalized incident energy in calories / centimeter2. This
value needs adjusted to the actual working distance and clearing
time by using the Adjusted Incident Energy Worksheet B on the next
page.
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3.0 Adjusted Incident Energy Calculations – Example Problem
AdjustedIncident Energy Ei - Worksheet B
NormalizedIncidentEnergy Adjustment to Specific Working Distance and Clearing Time
Dw = working distance in mm
mm = Inches x 25.4
X = distance exponentfactor
Step 1 (610 / Dw )X
[( ) / ( )]
Step 2 t / 0.2 ( ) / 0.2
Step 3 Cf x Ein ( ) x ( )
Step 4 TotalEi = Step 1 x Step 2 x Step 3 cal/cm2
Step 5 (1) To convertfrom cal/cm2 to Joules/cm2 multiply Step 4 X 4.184 J/cm2
(1) The units in Step 4 are cal/cm2 Step 5 is optional and is used to convert from cal/cm2 to Joules/cm2.
1.60506
0.08350
1.5 4.82059 7.23089
0.96910
610 457.2 1.641
0.01670
4.05473
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3.0 Arcing Short Circuit Calculations – Example Problem
Worksheet B – Adjusting Incident Energy Worksheet Ei for Specific Conditions:
Step 1: Enter the working distance D in mm. 18 inches was selected which is
commonly used for some low voltage distribution equipment assuming
worker is standing back from the live bus or component.
18 inches = 457.2 mm. 610 mm = 24 inches which is the
normalized distance calculated in Worksheet B. Choose x = 1.641
from table for a panel.
Step 2: Enter the upstream device clearing time from time current curve
1 cycle from the graph = 0.0167 seconds.
Step 3: Select Cf of 1.5 since the voltage is < 1 kV, enter Ein normalized
incident energy from Worksheet A
Step 4: Multiply Steps 1 through 3
Step 5: Multiply Step 4 X 4.184 to convert from cal/cm2
to Joules/cm2
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4.0 Arc Flash Boundary - Discussion
The Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) known as
Flash Hazard Boundary in IEEE 1584, is
defined as an “approach limit at a
distance from exposed live parts within
which a person could receive a second
degree burn if an electrical arc flash were
to occur”. This boundary is typically
calculated as the distance where the
incidentenergyfalls off to 1.2 cal /cm2.
Work performed within the AFB requires
adequate PPE based on NFPA 70E
requirements. It is always better to place
the equipment in an electrically safe
condition and notto perform live work.
Arc Flash Boundary
1.2 cal / cm2
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Arc Flash
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4.0 Arc Flash Boundary - Discussion
To determine the Arc Flash Boundary:
DB = [ 4.184 x Cf x Ein x ( t / 0.2 ) x (610x
/ EB)]1/x
DB = distance from arc in mm
EB = incidentenergy atthe arc flash boundary,typically 1.2 cal/cm2
or5 Joules/cm2
Ein = incidentenergy normalizedfrom WorksheetA
Cf = calculation factor
t = arcing time in seconds from overcurrentdevicetime currentcurve
X = distance exponentfrom Table 1
Metric conversions:1 Inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.24 cal / cm2 = 1 Joule/cm2
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4.0 Arc Flash Boundary - Worksheet
Arc Flash Boundary
Voltage < 15 kV
Dn = normalized distance24 in = 610 mm
X = distance factor
Step 1 Dn
x
/ EB ( ) / ( )
Step 2 t / 0.2 ( ) / 0.2
Step 3 4.184 x Cf x Ein 4.184 ( ) x ( )
Step 4 Step 1 x Step 2 x Step 3
DB (mm) [ Step 4 ] (1 / x)
[ ] (1/X)
mm
DB (inches) To convertto inches Db in mm / 25.4 mm/inch Inches
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4.0 Arc Flash Boundary – Example Problem
Based on the results of the
normalized incident energy calculation
from the previous example, this
problem illustrates the calculation of
the Arc Flash Boundary (in inches).
The AFB is the distance from the arc
flash where the incident energy falls
to 1.2 cal/cm2. This value is
considered the threshold of a second
degree burn (justcurable burn ).
Panel1 X
16,761 Amps
Arcing Fault
225 A C/B
480 Volts
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4.0 Arcing Flash Boundary – Example Problem
Arc Flash Boundary
Voltage < 15 kV
Dn = normalized distance24 in = 610 mm
X = distance factor
Step 1 Dn
x
/ EB ( ) / ( )
Step 2 t / 0.2 ( ) / 0.2
Step 3 4.184 x Cf x Ein 4.184 ( ) x ( )
Step 4 Step 1 x Step 2 x Step 3
DB (mm) [ Step 4 ] (1 / x)
[ ] (1/X)
mm
DB (inches) To convertto inches Db in mm / 25.4 mm/inch Inches
610 1.641
/ 5 7,443.1411
0.0835
1.5 4.8206 30.2541
18,802.9832
37,215.7057 5 J/cm2
0.0167
18,802.9832 400.9
15.8
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4.0 Arc Flash Boundary – Example Problem
Worksheet – Arc Flash Boundary:
Step 1: Enter the incident energy in Joules/cm2
at the arc flash boundary.
Typically 5 Joules/cm2
is used (which represents the threshold of a 2nd
degree
burn.) 610 mm = 24 inches which is the normalized distance from the
Normalized Incident Energy Calculation Worksheet A. Choose x = 1.641 from
Table 1 which is for a panel.
Step 2: Enter the upstream device clearing time from the time current curve
1 cycle from the graph = 0.0167 seconds.
Step 3: Select Cf of 1.5 since the voltage is < 1 kV, enter Ein normalized
incident energy from Worksheet A
Step 4: Multiply Steps 1 through 3
Step 5: Raise Step 4 to the reciprocal of X
Step 6: Divide Step 5 by 25.4 inches/mm to convert to inches
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References
IEEE Std 1584tm, Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations, 2002
IEEE Std 1584atm, Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations, 2004
NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2012
Complete Guide to Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Studies, Jim Phillips, P.E. 2011
How to Perform an Arc Flash Study, Jim Phillips, P.E., 2004
How to Perform an Arc Flash Study Video Series, Jim Phillips, P.E., 2005
How to Perform an Arc Flash Study in 12 Steps, Jim Phillips, P.E., August 2007 NEC Digest
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26 Classes by Jim Phillips, P.E. 800-874-8883
DESIGN OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS - I
Learn the basics of design including load calculations, voltage drop, voltage
selection, conductor sizing, overcurrent protection, lighting design, grounding and
more.
DESIGN OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS -II
Transformers, motor circuits, hazardous location design, power factor correction,
harmonics, oversized neutrals, emergency power systems are all part of this design
class.
ELECTRIC POWER CALCULATIONS– PER UNIT
Very few universities teach the per unit system anymore but it is still a fundamental
concept for electric power systems. This class teaches you the basics of electric
power calculationsincluding the per unit system for systemmodeling.
ELECTRIC POWER CALCULATIONS – SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
A continuation of the first course, this class takes you to the next level including
symmetrical components and unbalanced power system calculations. Learn how to
more easily use positive, negative and zero sequence components and draw zero
sequence diagrams.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY/ NFPA 70E - 1 DAY PROGRAM
This 1 day class brings your staff up to date with OSHA and NFPA 70E
requirements for performing a shock hazard and flash hazard assessment. Learn
how to select proper PPE based on the hazard and risk as defined in the NFPA
70Etables. Examples of filling out energized work permits are also included.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY / NFPA 70E - 1/2 DAY PROGRAM The class provides an
arc flash awareness overview of the NFPA 70E requirements including PPE
selection and energized work permits. The ½ day format allows employers to divide
their staff into two groups with on group attending the morning session and the
other group attending the afternoon session.
GENERATOR AND UPSAPPLICATIONS - I
With electric utility deregulation and large scale blackouts emergency and
standby power systems are more important than ever. This class covers the
requirements of sizing, operation, protection and planning a generator
installation. Included is how to analyze the effect of harmonic producing loads
and motorstarting on the generatoroperation.
GENERATOR AND UPS APPLICATIONS - II
Power systems are facing a decrease in reliability yet mission critical systems
must have 100% reliability. This class will show you how to properly size a UPS
system, transfer switches selection, UPS heat loss, reliability, compatibility issues
and more.
GROUNDINGAND POWER QUALITY
Grounding is one of the more commonly mis-understood concepts of a power
system. Poor or incorrect grounding can lead to safety and power quality
problems. Learn the correct methods for grounding according to the NEC and
IEEE. See how to locate and correct power quality problems including ground
loops.
HOWTO PERFORM AN ARC FLASH STUDY - I
This class is based on OSHA and NFPA 70E and is designed to train students to
understand electrical safety including shock and arc flash hazards as well as
providing appropriate hazard assessment. Learn about NFPA 70E requirements,
limited, restricted and prohibited approach boundaries, arc flash boundary,
correct personnel protective equipment and many othertopics.
HOWTO PERFORM AN ARC FLASH STUDY - Il
The class is based on IEEE 1584 and shows how to perform the arc flash hazard
calculation study including data collection and IEEE calculations. Jim discusses
the effect of device settings and short circuit current magnitudes on arc flash as
well as holes in the standards. Learn about the details such as Cf, distance
exponents, systemmodeling and much more.
Power Training

HOWTO STREAMLINE AND AUTOMATE ELECTRIC POWER DESIGN - I
Learn how to develop design tables to more easily and quickly design electrical
power systems. Day 1 covers conductor / protection tables and motor circuit sizing
tables. This course is based on the NEC and power systemdesign concepts.
HOWTO STREAMLINEAND AUTOMATEELECTRIC POWER DESIGN - II
Day 2 covers developing transformer tables, grounding, interfacing with the utility.
Jim has developed design worksheets to aid in quick calculations and fewer errors.
This class also has a demonstration of commercially available software to automate
the design process.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEMS - I
The backbone of many electric power systems is the medium voltage distribution
system. Typically operating at voltages ranging from 2,400 to 34,500 Volts, voltage
stress, corona, surges and protection of equipment all create unique challenges in
design, equipment selection, operation and engineering. Day 1 covers topics such
as medium voltage cable, partial discharge, surge protection and substation
transformers.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEMS - II
Day 2 focuses on protection of medium voltage power systems. The course
includes the application of reclosers, medium voltage fuses, and relays for the
protection of distribution feeders, rotating machinery and transformer thru fault
protection.
NATIONAL ELECTRICALCODE ®
- 2 DAYS
This 2 Day class covers the major articles found in the NEC. Learn not only what
the articles say, but also why and how to correctly use the articles in the design and
installation of electricpower systems.
POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT - I
You will gain insight into the operation, selection and application of motors and
variable frequency drives. You will also learn about transformer design, application
and protection as well as transformer vault requirements.
POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT - II
The class includes the application and selection of circuit breakers, panelboards,
switchboards, fuses, and relays. In addition, low & medium voltage switchgear and
an introduction to short circuit and coordination studies isincluded.
MOTOR DESIGN, APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS - I
Learn how to design motor circuits as well as the fundamentals of motor design,
variable frequency drive operation, analysisand motor starting techniques
MOTOR DESIGN, APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS - II
Modeling and analysis of motors and motor operation is the focus of this class. See
how to model starting conditions, harmonics from drives, and the effect of source
strength on voltage flickerand harmonics created by motorapplications.
POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS
How do you manage harmonics? Learn how to analyze harmonics, perform
resonance calculations, understand IEEE 519, perform THD calculations and
design harmonic filters. In addition, learn what to do about neutral harmonics
which often require oversized neutrals and K rated transformers. Understand the
interaction between harmonicsand power factorcorrection capacitors.
POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING COURSE – 4 DAYS
This course has become the industry standard that defines the “Crash Course” in
electrical power systems. People from all over the world have attended this course
at Jim’s public sessions. The class is a combination of his five most popular
courses rolled into a 4 day program. The five courses include: Design of Electric
Power Systems I and II, Short Circuit Analysis, Protective Device Coordination
Analysis and HarmonicAnalysis.
PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION ANALYSIS
This course is designed to show you how to use time current curves and perform
coordination studies with breakers, relays and fuses. The program provides an
explanation of how to maximize reliability by developing a properly coordinated
power distribution system.
PROTECTIVE RELAYING - I
It has been said that protective relay coordination is more of an art than science.
This class introduces you to overcurrent relays, relay coordination, current
transformer burden and saturation. Manyrelay examplesare included.
PROTECTIVE RELAYING - II
A continuation of the basic class, this class shows how other relays operate and
are set such as differential, synch check and reverse power relays. Various relay
schemes forequipment protection are also covered.
SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Learn how to perform short circuit calculations and equipment adequacy
evaluations. Understand the importance of X/R ratios, symmetrical vs.
asymmetrical faults and how series ratings work. Many calculation examples are
used to illustrate how to perform an analysis. The methods are based on the IEEE
Buff and Red books. This class can be paired with the Protective Device
Coordination Classfor 2 days of training.
CUSTOM CLASSES
Custom classes are also available. Pick and choose from any of the classes and
Jim will put them togetherfor a program designed to suit your specific needs.
TO RECEIVE A PROPOSAL
To receive a proposal to have Jim train at your location, contact Brenda at:
800.874.8883 or e-mail her at:
brenda@brainfiller.com

The Author
Jim Phillips, P.E.
Member of IEEE 1584 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc
Flash Hazard Calculations
Vice - Chairman of Task Group - IEEE 1584.1 Guide f
or the specification of scope and deliverable
requirements for an arc-flash hazard calculation.
Member of IEC 61482-1-2 Determination of arc
protection class of material and clothing by using a constrained and
directed arc (box test)
U.S. representative to IEC TC 78 and WG 13 and member of various
IEC committees
Member of NFPA, ANSI, ASTM, IEEE and several other organizations.
Author of the book: Complete Guide to Arc Flash Hazard Calculation
Studies
Is a regular contributor to Electrical Contractor Magazine
Founder of the internationally known website:
www.ArcFlashForum.com
For over 30 years, Jim has been helping tens of thousands of people
around the world understand electrical power systems design, safety,
theory and applications. Having taught over 2000 seminars during his
career to people from all seven continents (Yes Antarctica is included!),
he has developed a reputation for being one of the best trainers and
public speakers in the industry.
Jim does not just talk about arc flash and electrical safety - he is part of
the development of the arc flash standards! He is also the instructor
that has taught other instructors in the industry. Jim is a member of
the IEEE 1584 Committee - IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash
Hazard Calculations. He is Vice-Chairman of the IEEE Task Group -
IEEE 1584.1 “Guide for the specification of scope and deliverable
requirements for an arc-flash hazard calculation”
Jim literally wrote the book about arc flash studies with his book
titled: Complete Guide to Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Studies
available from brainfiller.com. He also wrote "How to Perform an Arc
Flash Study in 12 Steps“ published by NFPA.
Jim is a regular contributor to Electrical Contractor Magazine, has
authored many articles published in Europe and is a speaker at
conferences around the world.
Jim has served on many committees such as the Energy Policy
Committee in Washington DC. He is a member of IEEE, NFPA, ASTM,
ANSI, IEC and many others organizations.
Jim earned a BS Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State
University. His career began with Square D Company’s Power System
Analysis Group where he was responsible for system studies, power
system software development and training.
Later, Jim was in charge of the studies group of the System Protection
Section of Ohio Edison Company. He was part of the adjunct faculty
for Stark State College where he taught evening classes in electrical
power systems.
Jim is a Registered Professional Engineer. with experience that
includes everything from planning transmission systems, to design
and analysis of industrial, commercial and utility power systems,
cogeneration plant design, expert witness and forensic analysis.
Power Training

BOOKS - The “Complete
Guide to Arc Flash Hazard
Calculation Studies has many
solved examples, worksheets,
tips and tricks for performing
the arc flash study. Order
your copy today.
VIDEOS - Many of Jim’s training
programs are available on DVD.
ARTICLES - Download many technical articles
Join in the conversation with thousands
of others at:
TRAINING PROGRAMS - Have Jim
and any of his over 25 different
programs at your location.
Power Training

Arc flash calculation guide jim phillips

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