ARCHITECTURAL-PROGRAMMING-Pele-Widjaja.pdf

Dr. Ir. Ar. GIOSIA PELE WIDJAJA, ST., MT., IAI.

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / pele.widjaja@unpar.ac.id
PROLOG
https://www.slideshare.net/PatrickHeinz/what-is-the-role-of-a-network-architect

PROLOG
https://easynirman.com/posts/qualities-to-search-in-an-architect

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
understanding

Architectural programming ?
Architectural programming is the first stage of the architectural design process
in which :
• the relevan values of the client, user, architect, and society are identified;
• important project goal are articulated;
• facts about project are uncovered and
• facility need are made explicit.
UNDERSTANDING
Robert G. Hershberger (1999),
Architectural Programming and
Predesign Manager, New York –
McGraw Hill

UNDERSTANDING
Robert M. Kumlin, (1995),
Architectural Programming: Creative
Techniques for Design Professionals,
New York – McGraw Hill
Architectural programming is the key to successful design.
It is the crucial process of gathering, organizing, and assessing
a client's building-use information.
This process includes :
• design concepts and program objectives ...
• staff and employee projections ...
• current and future space requirements ...
• adjacencies and relationships ...
• equipment and utility requirements ...
• project cost ... and more.

UNDERSTANDING
Architectural programming is the research and decision-making process
that defines the problem to be solved by design.
Edith Cherry (1998),
Programming for Design: From
Theory to Practice, New York –
John Wiley & Sons
Architectural programming began when architecture began

Architectural programming is a process leading to the statement of
an architectural problem and the requirements
to be met in offering a solution.”
UNDERSTANDING
William M. Pena & Steven A. Parshall
(2001), Problem Seeking : An Architectural
Programming Primer, New York – John
Willey & Sons

UNDERSTANDING
PROGRAMMING DESIGN
Programming is
PROBLEM SEEKING
Design is
PROBLEM SOLVING
Stating the problem is the last step in
problem seeking
it is also the first step in problem solving
Programming is
ANALYSIS
Design is
SYNTHESIS
Successful programming relies on analysis Successful design relies on synthesis
Willey & Sons
Programmer Designer
The way of thinking

UNDERSTANDING
Hafsa Ramza Alomari et.a. / Procedia –
Social and Behavioral Sciences 102 (2013)
368-385
general
specific
PROGRAMMING
DESIGN
Design Concepts
Object Specifications
Material Specifications
Buit Form
Vision & Mission
Goals
Performance Requirement
Programming Concept
Programmer
Designer
The way of thinking

Approaches to architectural programming
Agreement-Based (A-B)
Architectural Pogramming
• Programming by group develop participatory
• The client, users and architect agree in the nature and scope
of the problem before design commences.
• Use the problem seeking matrix (4 values : function, form
economy, time & 5 information areas : goals, facts,
concepts, needs and problem statement).
Knowledge-Based (K-B)
• Programming by utilized research in actual programming practice
• Especially useful on large, complex, or innovative projects, when no
one has a clear graps of the project requirements (prisons, hospital,
airport, research facilty, etc.).
• Bring to bear all currently available knowledge on the design
problem. The information gained from the various research
approaches (systimatical procedures) is assembled that attempts to
cover all of the human requirements.
Design-Based (D-B)
• Programming by design
• Architect & client meet to discuss the client’s design
problem and the architect takes notes as the discussion
proceeds.
• Architectural problem cannot be fully understood prior to
design; thus any definition of the problem is premature until
the design is completed .
Value-Based (V-B)
• Programming by the nature of the design problem for importance
values in architecture (context, space/environment, climate,
technology, social implication & tradition).
• Introduce an examinatiosn of the fundamental nature of the design
problem into the earliest stage of arch. prog.
• The clients and users to set forth both their programmatic and
design ideas for the project so that the designer will have benefit of
their unique perspective.
• Use systematical procedures (from K-B) & The problem seeking
matrix (from A-B)
Robert G. Hershberger (1999), Architectural Programming and Predesign Manager, New York – McGraw Hill
UNDERSTANDING

UNDERSTANDING
Framework of architectural programming

process

UNDERSTANDING
Flowchart of architectural programming Process
Define
the design Problem
Requirement of Project
Archieving Goal of
Design Principle
Use for Design
Design Solution
Determining
Future State
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information
4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies
5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
Design Criteria
Cost
Relationship
Human &
Social
Functions &
Activities
Site &
Context
User &
Activities
User
Behavior
Psychological
Building
Space
Social
Environment
Ordinance
Structured & modified based on :
• Edith Cherry (1998), Programming for
Design: From Theory to Practice, New
York – John Wiley & Sons.
• www.researchgate.net/figure/General-
concept-of-architectural-programming-
stage
Note:
Programming is heuristic :
steps are not rigorously
sequential, and information
is hardly ever precise or
complete.
Willey & Sons

process
Step 1: Researching the project background

PROCESS
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
This step is necessary if the programmer is working on a project type for the first time.
The programmer should become familiar with some of the following relevant information:
• The building type
• The types of spaces frequently included in the building type,
• The space criteria (number of square feet per person or unit) for those spaces,
• Typical relationships of spaces for these functions,
• Typical ratios of net assignable square footage (NASF—areas that are assigned to a function)
to gross square footage (GSF—total area to the outside walls) for this building type,
• Typical costs per square foot for this building type,
• Typical site requirements for the project type,
• Context and Regional issues that might alter the accuracy of the data above in the case of
this project, and
• Technical, mechanical, electrical, security, or other issues unique to the project type.
• and more…
This information can be obtained from literature on the building type, analysis of plans of existing
projects, expert consultants familiar with the building type, and/or cost estimating services.

1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
HOTEL MULTI FUNGSI
HOTEL
HOTEL MULTI FUNGSI
BINTANG 2
Definisi
Klasifikasi / Tipologi
Persyaratan2* Etc.
Definisi
Fungsi2 kombinasi
Persyaratan2* Etc.
Definisi
Persyaratan2*
Pengguna
Kriteria desain
DESIGN
ISSUES
CONTEXT
Konteks KBU
Konteks Bandung
Konteks Dago
PROJECT TYPE
Aspek Geografis & lingkungan
Aspek Tata Ruang
Aspek Kepariwisataan
Aspek Regulasi / Peraturan
Aspek sos-ek-bud
Aspek historis
Aspek psikologis,dll
SITE
• TEORI
• N.S.P.M.
• PRESEDEN
• TREND
SPA 4 PROJECT
PROCESS

1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
SPA 4 PROJECT
Compitetors
Data observation by SPA4 - E Class
PROCESS

1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
SPA 4 PROJECT
Compitetors
Mapping Analysis by SPA4 - E Class
PROCESS

DESIGN
ISSUES
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
(High) Land Value
Vs
(Low) hotel
capacity
(20 room unit)
Competitors
- So many
- Bigger
- More complete
- More luxurious
ADDED VALUE
(20 room unit +
facilities →
MORE EXPENSIVE
ADDED (COMBINE)
FACILITIES →
“HIGH SPEED”
MONEY MACHINE
DIFFERENTIATION
UNIQNESS
ONE & ONLY
POSITIONING
EXCLUSIVE
ACTIVITIES AMENITIES ATMOSFER
SPA 4 PROJECT
ECONOMIC ISSUES
(property business)
context
Project type
site
my idea is …
Design
consideration
From design issue to design consideration
EXAMPLE 1
PROCESS

1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
SPA 4 PROJECT
Cultural & Recreational Facilities
PROCESS

1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
SPA 4 PROJECT
Culinary Facilities
a lot of more…
PROCESS

DESIGN
ISSUES
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Cultural &
recreational
facilities as a
tourist attraction
Cultural Tourism
promotion
weakness
ADDED SELLABLE &
PROFITABLE
cultural – recreational
facilities in the hotel
LINK & MATCH
FACILITIES
to other cultural -
recreational facilities
HOTEL AS A CULTURAL
PROMOTION MEDIA
Functionally
Appearance
SPA 4 PROJECT
CULTURAL-TOURISM
ISSUES
my idea is …
context
Project type
site
ACTIVITIES AMENITIES ATMOSFER
Design
consideration
From design issue to design consideration
EXAMPLE 2
PROCESS

PROCESS
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
DESAIN VISION
&
SCENARIO
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Based on Issue 1:
Research project background
RESULT / FINDINGS
DESIGN APPROACH
selection
Pragmatic Design
Iconic Design
Analogy Design
Canonic Design
Geoffrey Broadbent (1973), The Design In
Architecture, New York: John Willey & Sons
DESIGN THEME (?)
DESIGN
ISSUES
Based on Issue 2:
Based on Issue etc…
Etc…
idea
idea
idea

Art gallery
(exhibition)
(Art) theatre
Amusement/
playground
Anti-mainstream
luxurious pool
PROCESS
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Based on Issue 1:
Economic
property business
RESULT / FINDINGS
Based on Issue 2:
Cultural Tourim
Etc…
idea
idea
idea
Added value
(20 room unit + facilities → more expensive
Added (combine) facilities →
“high speed” money machine
Differentiation
Uniqness, one & only
Positioning
Exclusive
Added sellable & profitable
Cultural – recreational facilities in the hotel
Link & match facilities
To other cultural - recreational facilities
Hotel as a cultural tourism promotion media
Functionally, Appearance
Literature Review:
• desain unik & out of the
box → tidak tipikal hotel
pada umumnya
• Banyak ditemui di Kawasan
wisata, pusat bisnis dan
entertainment kota. Traffic
pengunjung cukup tinggi.
• Desainnya lekat dengan
unsur budaya lokal.
• Tidak ada standar fasilitas
yang pasti/rigid.
• Menawarkan beragam
fitur/ fasilitas pendukung
lengkap sesuai target
pengunjung dan momen
tertentu.
• destinasi staycation favorit
• Desain instagramable
• Link industri pariwisata
Cultural -
Entertainment
Commercial
Etnic café
specialize
culinary resto
Co-working space
Retail & Souvenir
shop
Convention
(seminar/meeting/
ceremonial events)
Tourist information
centre / hub
ACTIVITIES AMENITIES
SPA 4 PROJECT
DESAIN VISION
Sensational &
anti-mainstream
BOUTIQUE
(HOTEL)
RESORT

PROCESS
1.
Researching the
project background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Sensational &
anti-mainstream
BOUTIQUE
(HOTEL)
RESORT
Based on Issue 1:
Economic
property business
RESULT / FINDINGS
Based on Issue 2:
Cultural Tourim
Etc…
idea
idea
idea
Added value
Differentiation
Positioning
Exclusive , anti-mainstream
Cultural
-
Entertainment
Art gallery
(exhibition room)
(Art) theatre
Amusement/
playground
Anti-mainstream
luxurious pool
specialize
culinary resto
Co-working space
Convention room
(seminar/meeting/
ceremonial events)
Etnic café
Commercial
ATMOSFER Precedents / Trends
DESAIN VISION SPA 4 PROJECT

(functional)
scenario
DESAIN VISION

PROCESS
SCENARIO
Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48
example

PROCESS
SCENARIO
storyline

PROCESS

process
Step 2 : Identifying Goals Facilities

PROCESS
GOALS
FACILITIES
DESAIN VISION
&
SCENARIO
1.
Researching the project
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
function
goals
form & image
goals
organizational
goals
economic
goals
time
goals
management
goals
• What are the goals of the
owners?
• Where do they see their
organization headed?
• How does this architectural
project fit into this broad
picture?
• What should be the aesthetic
and psychological impact of
the design?
• How should it relate to the
surroundings?
• Should its image be similar to
or distinct from its neighbors?
• From other buildings belonging
to the owner that are located
elsewhere?
• Are there historic, cultural,
and/or context implications?
These goals are not so much
an issue of the nature of the
project as they are the
circumstances of the owner,
clients, programmer, or
architect
• What is the total project budget?
• What is the attitude toward initial costs
versus long-range operating and
maintenance costs?
• What level of quality is desired (often
stated in relation to other existing
projects)?
• What is the attitude toward
conservation of resources
and sustainability (energy, water, etc.)?
• When is the project to be
occupied?
• What types of changes are
expected over the next 5, 10,
15, and 20 years?
• What major functions will take
place in the building?
• How many people are to be
accommodated?
• How might the building design
enhance or impact occupant
interactions?

PROCESS
1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Added value
Differentiation
Positioning
Exclusive , anti-mainstream
Etc…
IDEA & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
Function Goal statements
Form Goal statements
Economy Goal statements
Time Goal statements
• Multi-function facilities (hotel +
cultural-entertainment + commercial)
• Functionally unique, exclussive, anti-
mainstream
• Traditional-etnic activities
• etc
• Business & economically feasible
• Profitable investment
• Easily rentable
• Promotable, etc.
• Formly unique, exclusive,
anti-mainstream
• Traditional-etnic (cultural)
• Greeny (park hotel)
• Prestigious & Highly aesthetic
• Instagramable & Sensational
atmosfer
• etc
• Changeable follow the trends
• etc

process
Step 3 : Gathering & Analyzing Information

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
Gathering & analyzing
INFORMATION
GOALS
FACILITIES
Based upon the goals, the categories of relevant information can be determined
and researched.
Typical categories include:
• Facility users, activities, and schedules: Who is doing what, how many
people are doing each activity, and when are they doing it?
• What equipment is necessary for activities to function properly? What is the
size of the equipment?
• What aspects of the project need to be projected into the future? What is
the history of growth of each aspect that requires projection?
• What are the space criteria (square feet per person or unit) for the functions
to take place?
• What other design criteria may affect architectural programming: access to
daylight, acoustics, accessibility, campus/area design guidelines, historic
preservation, etc.?
• Are there licensing or policy standards for minimum area for various
functions? What are these standards?
• What are the energy usage and requirements?
• What code information may affect programming decisions?

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
INFORMATION
MODEL
Sanoff, H 1977, Methods of
architectural programming,
Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross,
Stroudsburg, PA
Duerk, D.P. 1993, Architectural
programming : information
management for design, Van
Nostrand Reinhold,
New York

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
INFORMATION
Pena’s
Model
ENVIRONMENT
Name
Pictures
Properties
Location
Count’
Geometry
Area
Adjacent environment
Cost (budget)
Growth
Type (exixting, projected)
Users place
TYPE
Road
Building
Site
Natural resource
Room
Department
HUMAN GROUP
Name
Pictures
Properties
Number
Adjacent human groups
Growth
Type (Client, User)
Physical characteristics
Intellectual characteristics
Emotional characteristics
ACTIVITY
Name
Pictures
Scope (existing-projected)
Determinant
Facility (s)
Security type
Adjacent activities
Growth
Potential activities to mix with
Privacy
Segregation (other activities)
Users Pena, W and Parshall, S 2001, Problem seeking : an
architectural programming primer, John Wiley, New York
MODEL

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
ACTIVITY
User Activities
Spaces
Adjacent activities
Users
Needs
Description
NEED
What
Whom
Why
Where
When
Activity
Requirements
Description
PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA
Upper range
Lower range
Unit
REQUIREMENT
Type
Performance criteria
description
SIMULATION
Simulation diagrams
Corresponding attributes
NUMERICAL CRITERIA
Simulation diagrams
Corresponding attributes
USER
Name
Number
Description
Activity analysis
Age group
Anthropometrics
Disability
Env. History
Number of people
Perceptual abilities
Personality
Roles
Rules
Values
CONTEXT
Cultural
Demographic
Economical
Ethical
Ethnic
Historical
Political
Social
SITE
Climate
Codes
Site condition
Traffic levels
ENVIRONMENT
Name
Pictures
Properties
Location
Count’
Geometry
Area
Adjacent environment
Cost (budget)
Growth
Type (exixting, projected)
Users place TYPE
Road
Building
Site
Natural resource
Room
Department
HUMAN GROUP
Name
Pictures
Properties
Number
Adjacent human groups
Growth
Type (Client, User)
Physical characteristics
Intellectual characteristics
Emotional characteristics
ACTIVITY
Name
Pictures
Scope (existing-projected)
Determinant
Facility (s)
Security type
Adjacent activities
Growth
Potential activities to mix with
Privacy
Segregation (other activities)
Users
DATA UNITS
Activity Man (User) Site Standard

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
Design Criteria

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
• Site analysis: the site is always a major aspect of the design problem and therefore should be
included in the program. Site analysis components that often affect design include:
• Legal description
• Zoning, design guidelines, and deed restrictions and requirements
• Traffic (bus, automobile, and pedestrian) considerations
• Utility availability (a potentially high cost item)
• Topography
• Views
• Built features
• Climate (if not familiar to the designer)
• Vegetation and wildlife
• Client's existing facility as a resource
• If the client is already participating in the activities to be housed in the new facility, it may
be possible to make use of information at hand. Determine if the existing facility is
satisfactory or obsolete as a resource.
• If a floor plan exists, do a square foot take-off of the areas for various functions. Determine
the building efficiency (the ratio of existing net-to-gross area). This ratio is useful in
establishing the building efficiency target for the new facility.
• If the client is a repeat builder (school districts, public library, public office building, etc.),
obtain plans and do area take-offs; determine typical building efficiencies.
• Use the existing square footages for comparison when you propose future amounts of
space. People can relate to what they already have. (See illustration above in Step 5,
Determine quantitative requirements.)
PROCESS

process
Step 4 : Identifying Programmatic Strategies

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Programmatic strategies suggest a way to accomplish the goals given what one now
knows about the opportunities and constraints.
A familiar example of a programmatic strategy is the relationship or "bubble" diagram.
These diagrams indicate what functions should be near each other in order for the project to function
smoothly.
Relationship diagrams can also indicate :
• the desired circulation connections between spaces,
• what spaces require security or audio privacy, or
• other aspects of special relationships.
PROCESS

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Other types of strategies recur in programs for many different types of projects.
Common categories of programmatic strategies include:
• Centralization and decentralization: What function components are grouped
together and which are segregated? For example, in some offices the copying function is
centralized, while in others there are copiers for each department.
• Flexibility: What types of changes are expected for various functions? Do facilities need to
change over a period of a few hours? A few days? A summer recess? Or is an addition what is
really needed?
• Flow: What goods, services, and people move through the project? What is needed at each
step of the way to accommodate that flow?
• Priorities and phasing: What are the most important functions of the project? What could
be added later? Are there ongoing existing operations that must be maintained?
• Levels of access: Who is allowed where? What security levels are there?
PROCESS
Ideally, each of the goals and objectives identified in Step 2 will have some sort of
strategy for addressing that goal. Otherwise, either the goal is not very important, or
more discussion is required to address how to achieve that goal or objective.

PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
Alt 1. Presentation Technique Alt 2. Presentation Technique
1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria

PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria

Spatial Adjacent Spatial structure Spatial structure + space dimension
PROCESS
Transformation from spatial adjacent buble
diagram to spatial structure

UNDERSTANDING
Coffee shop Restaurant banqueting
bar lounge bar bar
Pre-function
Privat
room
Privat
room
admin lobby
reception
bag
shop
toilet toilet
Cloak
room
Public
lift
Bedroom
Bedroom
Staff
dinning Kitchen
Service
Kitchen Store
Maintenance
Tech
Area
store
Control
Refuse
Loundry
linen
Staff
lockers
/toilet
Room
service
Service
lift
Wash up
Drink
beverage
Kitchen &
service
Furniture
store
service
Staff
kitchen
office
Service maintenance
Guest entrance
Public area (Front Of the House)
Service area (Back Of the House)
1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
Mickey L. Palmer (1981) Architect's Guide to Facility
Programming, New York : A McGraw-Hill publication
Spatial structure

process
Step 5 : Establishing Quantitative Requirements

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
idea
Space dimension
components
Architectural &
Technical standard
Space Design
Requirements
Audial comfort
Movement comfort
• Activities movement
• Circulation movement
• etc
Visual comfort
• Natural lighting
• Artificial lighting
• Color & texture, etc
Thermal comfort
• Ventilation
• Thermal conditioning
• etc
Mental comfort
• Privacy
• Territoriality
• Social interaction, etc
Audial comfort
• Quite / noise
• Sound isolation
• Acoustic solution, etc

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
EXAMPLE : HOTEL FRONT OFFICE
https://setupmyhotel.com/train-my-hotel-staff/front-office-training/778-stages-of-check-in-procedure.html

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
EXAMPLE : HOTEL FRONT OFFICE
No Activity Human
Space
Objects
Space Design Requirments
standard
Space Area & spatial layout
Movement
Comfort
Visual
Comfort
Audial
Comfort
Thermal
Comfort
Mental
Comfort
Requirement Quantitative
1
Characteritic
Time
Users Furniture
Simulation
drawing in 2D
& 3D
L x W x T …m
Area (…m2)
Number of
People
Utility
Aesthetic
Object
2
Other activities
3
Other activities
etc
Other activities
TOTAL AREA for hotel front office activities
Simulation
drawing for
total spaces
… m2
idea
Repeat this technique for all of Hotel function and activities
Template

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS
Summary format example

process
Step 6 : Synthesizing Design Problem Statement

1.
background
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
3.
Information
4.
Identifying
5.
Requirements
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Design Criteria
PROCESS

but….we have to do !!!
Robert M. Kumlin, (1995), Architectural Programming: Creative Techniques for Design Professionals, New York – McGraw Hill
Architectural programming is the key to successful design.

• Architectural Programming: Creative Techniques for Design Professionals by R. Kumlin. New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995.
• Architectural Programming, Information Management for Design by D.P. Duerk. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.
• Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer, 5th Edition by William M. Peña and
Steven A. Parshall. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
• Professional Practice in Facility Programming by W.F.E. Preiser. New York, NY: Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1993.
• Programming for Design : From Theory to Practice by E. Cherry. New York, NY: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1998.
• Programming the Built Environment by W.F.E. Preiser. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1985 ed.
• "Values: A Theoretical Foundation for Architectural Programming" in Programming the Built
Environment by R. Hershberger. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

STUDIIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR 4
Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI.
The use of this material by other parties is only for academic purposes
and it is strictly prohibited to remove / change the name of the author.

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